System and a method for measuring a continuous signal

• US 6,272,446 B1
• Filed: 07/30/1998
• Issued: 08/07/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: A/S Bruel & Kjaer, Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S (Spectris PLC)
• Original Assignee: Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration Measurement A/S (Spectris PLC)
• Inventors: Sorensen, Jes, Petersen, Finn Brock, Baekke, Jorgen Steen, Olsen, Orla Mayland
• Primary Examiner(s): Shah, Kamini
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bui, Bryan
• Application Number:
  US09/091,531
• Time in Patent Office: 1,104 Days
• Field of Search: 702/189, 702/190, 702/191, 340/853.2, 340/855.5, 340/856.3, 340/307, 340/310.03, 370/278, 370/280, 370/282, 370/301, 370/304, 342/82, 342/88, 342/89, 367/117, 367/135, 367/137, 367/140
• US Class Current: 702/189
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 3/02 with provision for altering or correcting the law of variation
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/22 Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus

Abstract

A system, and method of operating the system, for measuring a continuous signal, having at least two transducers for measuring the continuous signal and for each outputting a signal relating to the measured signal. The transducers receive controlling signals and operate in accordance therewith, the controlling signals being transmitted to the transducers along the same transmitting path consisting of no more than two electrical conductors or no more than one optical conductor or consisting of transmitters and receivers for wireless communication. Alternatively or optionally, the signal generator may receive power over two electrical conductors over which the signals are transmitted from the signal generator. The present system is especially useful in audio or in setups performing determination and analysis of vibration, acceleration, velocity or sound.

Claims

1. A system for measuring a continuous signal, the system comprising:

at least two transducer means for measuring the continuous signal and for each outputting a digital signal relating to the measured signal, the transducer means being adapted to receive controlling signals and to operate in accordance therewith,

receiving means for receiving and processing signals from each transducer means and comprising means for generating controlling signals for controlling the operation of the transducer means,

transmitting means for transmitting the signals from each transducer means to the receiving means, and

means for transmitting the controlling signals from the receiving means to the transducer means,

the transmitting means constituting the means for transmitting the controlling signals, and

the transmitting means being one of the group of;

consisting of no more than two electrical conductors consisting of no more than one optical conductor, and the transmitting means comprising transmitters and receivers for wireless communication,

wherein the receiving means are adapted to, from two signals received from two transducer means measuring a signal emitted from a signal emitting means, determine within a calculatable upper uncertainty, which is less than 100 μ

s, any time difference between the measurement of the signal by the two transducer means wherein the system is adapted to one of the group consisting of;

the transducer means are adapted to encode information in the signals generated thereby, the information received by the receiving means comprising information relating to the time of measurement of the relating measured signal, the receiving means being adapted to use this information in timing or synchronizing of signals,

a central unit is adapted to transmit a clocking signal to all transducer means and where all transducer means are adapted to sample the signal to be measured at the same time and in accordance with this clocking signal, and

each of the at least two transducer means comprises a clocking signal generator generating a signal at least substantially independent on the clocking signals of the clocking signal generators of the other transducer means, each transducer means is adapted to measure the continuous signal in a manner controlled by the clocking signal generated by the individual transducers'"'"' clocking signal generator, and the receiving means comprise a common clocking signal generator and is adapted to perform a re-sampling of the received signals to the common clocking signal generated by the common clocking signal generator.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the measured signal is varying and has a periodic content, and wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is less than 2 periods of the measured signal.

3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the period of the measured signal is that of a frequency thereof.

4. A system according to claim 1, wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is 10 μ

s or less.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein the delay between measurement of a part of a signal by a transducer means and receipt of the relating digital signal by the receiving means is substantially the same for all parts of all signals and all transducer means.

6. A system according to claim 1, wherein the signals comprise information relating to the time of measurement of the relating measured signal in the time of receipt thereof by the receiving means.

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein the transducer means comprise:

a transducer for measuring the signal to be measured and for outputting a continuous analog signal representative thereof, and

A/D converting means for converting the analog signal to form a continuous digital signal relating to the measured signal, the A/D converting means being adapted to receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the analog signals from the transducers are sampled substantially equidistantly in time in the A/D converting means.

9. A system according to claim 7, wherein the at least two transducer means each output a continuous digital signal and wherein the rate of transmission of data in the continuous-digital signals is substantially equal to the rate of conversion in the A/D converter means.

10. A system according to claim 7, wherein the at least two transducer means each output a non-continuous digital signal and wherein the rate of transmission of data in the non-continuous digital signals is higher than the rate of conversion in the A/D converter means.

11. A system according to claim 7, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof.

12. A system according to claim 11, wherein the means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof are adapted to receive controlling signals output from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

13. A system-according to claim 7, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means for altering the characteristics of the digital signal subsequent to conversion of the analogue signal.

14. A system according to claim 13, wherein the means for altering the characteristics of the digital signal subsequent to conversion of the analogue signal are adapted to be receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

15. A system according to claim 7, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion.

16. A system according to claim 15, wherein the means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion are adapted to receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

17. A system according to claim 1, wherein the digital signals are transmitted from the transducer means to the receiving means without any deliberate delay.

18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof.

19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof are adapted to receive controlling signals output from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

20. A system according to claim 17, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means for altering the characteristics of the digital signal subsequent to conversion of the analogue signal.

21. A system according to claim 20, wherein the means for altering the characteristics of the digital signal subsequent to conversion of the analogue signal are adapted to be receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

22. A system according to claim 17, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion.

23. A system according to claim 22, wherein the means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion are adapted to receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

24. A system according to claim 1, wherein the transducer means are adapted to generate additional data for use in the receiving means and to output said data to the transmitting means.

25. A system according to claim 24, wherein the additional data relate to the status of the transducer means.

26. A system according to claim 24, wherein the additional data relate to the identity of the transducer means.

27. A system according to claim 24, wherein the additional data relate to a delay caused by the transducer means between measurement of the signal and output of the relating signal.

28. A system according to claim 24, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof.

29. A system according to claim 28, wherein the means for altering the characteristics of the analog signal prior to conversion thereof are adapted to receive controlling signals output from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

30. A system according to claim 24, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion.

31. A system according to claim 30, wherein the means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion are adapted to receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

32. A system according to claim 24, wherein the A/D converting means comprise means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion.

33. A system according to claim 32, wherein the means adapted to alter specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion are adapted to receive controlling signals from the receiving means and to operate in accordance therewith.

34. A system according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting means consist of no more than two electrical or a single optical conductor and furthermore comprise an additional electrical conductor for each transducer means for shielding no more than two electrical or a single optical conductor from external noise.

35. A system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving means comprises a power supply for supplying power to at least one transducer means, wherein the transmitting means are constituted by two electrical conductors also transmitting power from the power supply to the at least one transducer means.

36. A system according to claim 1, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means are adapted to generate clocking signals having a frequency lower than that generated by the common clocking signal generator.

37. A system according to claim 1, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means are adapted to generate clocking signals having substantially identical frequencies.

38. A system according to claim 1, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means are adapted to generate clocking signals having different frequencies.

39. A transducer means for use in the system according to claim 1, the transducer means being adapted to one of the group consisting of:

encode information in the signals generated thereby, the information received by the receiving means comprising information relating to the time of measurement of the relating measured signal,

sample the signal to be measured at the same time and in accordance with a clocking signal transmitted by the central unit, and

measure the continuous signal in a manner controlled by a clocking signal generated by a clocking signal generator generating comprised in the transducer means, the clocking signal generator generating a signal at least substantially independent on the clocking signals of clocking signal generators of other transducer means.

40. A method of operating a system for measuring a continuous signal, the system comprising:

at least two transducer means for measuring the continuous signal and for each outputting a digital signal relating to the measured signal, the transducer means being adapted to receive controlling signals and to operate in accordance therewith,

receiving means for receiving and processing signals from each transducer means and comprising means for generating controlling signals for controlling the operation of the transducer means,

transmitting means for transmitting the signals from each transducer means to the receiving means, and

means for transmitting the controlling signals from the receiving means to the transducer means, and wherein

the receiving means generate the controlling signals controlling the operation of the transducer means,

the controlling signals output from the receiving means are transmitted by the transmitting means which are one of the group consisting of;

consisting of no more than two electrical conductors, consisting of no more than one optical conductor, and comprising transmitters and receivers for wireless communication,

the method comprising one of the group consisting of;

the transducer means encode information in the signals generated thereby, the information received by the receiving means comprising information relating to the time of measurement of the relating measured signal, the receiving means using this information in timing or synchronizing of signals,

a clocking signal is transmitted from a central unit to all transducer means so that all transducer means sample the signal to be measured at the same time and in accordance with this clocking signal, and

each of the at least two transducer means comprises a clocking signal generator generating a signal at least substantially independent on the clocking signals of the clocking signal generators of the other transducer means, each transducer means is adapted to measure the continuous signal in a manner controlled by the clocking signal generated by the individual transducers'"'"' clocking signal generator, and the receiving means comprise a common clocking signal generator and is adapted to perform a re-sampling of the received signals to the common clocking signal generated by the common clocking signal generator,

so that the receiving means are adapted to, from two signals received from two transducer means measuring a signal emitted from a signal emitting means, determine within a calculatable upper uncertainty, which is less than 100 μ

s, any time difference between the measurement of the signal by the two transducer means.

41. A method system according to claim 40, wherein the measured signal is a varying signal having a periodic content, and wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is less than 2 periods of the measured signal.

42. A method according to claim 40, wherein the period of the measured signal is that of a frequency thereof.

43. A method according to claim 40, wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is 10 ms or less.

44. A method according to claim 40, wherein the transducer means comprise:

a transducer for measuring the signal to be measured and for outputting a continuous analog signal representative thereof, and

A/D converting means for converting the analog signal to form a continuous digital signal relating to the measured signal,

and wherein the A/D converting means operate in accordance with controlling signals generated by the receiving means.

45. A method according to claim 44, wherein characteristics of the analog signal are altered in the A/D converting means prior to conversion thereof in accordance with controlling signals generated by the receiving means.

46. A method according to claim 44, wherein characteristics of the digital signal are altered in the A/D converting means subsequent to conversion of the analogue signal in accordance with controlling signals generated by the receiving means.

47. A method according to claim 44, wherein specifics of the analogue-to-digital conversion are altered in the A/D converting means in accordance with controlling signals output from the receiving means.

48. A method according to claim 40, wherein the transducer means generate additional data for use in the receiving means in accordance with the controlling signals generated by the receiving means and output said data to the transmitting means.

49. A method according to claim 48, wherein the additional data relate to the status of the transducer means.

50. A method according to claim 48, wherein the additional data relates to the identity of the transducer means.

51. A method according to claim 48, wherein the additional data relates to a delay caused by the transducer means between measurement of the signal and output of the relating signal.

52. A method according to claim 40, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means generate clocking signals having a frequency lower than that generated by the common clocking signal generator.

53. A method according to claim 40, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means generate clocking signals having substantially identical frequencies.

54. A system according to claim 40, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two transducer means generate-clocking signals having different frequencies.

55. A system comprising:

at least two signal generating means transmitting continuous digital signals,

means for receiving and processing the digital signals from the signal generating means,

transporting means for transporting the digital signals from each signal generating means to the receiving means,

power supply means for supplying power to the signal generating means,

means for transporting power from the power supply means to the signal generating means, wherein

the receiving means comprise the power supply means, and

the transporting means are comprise the means for transporting power from the power supply to the signal generating means and are constituted by at the most two electrical conductors, wherein

the transducer means are adapted to encode information in the signals generated thereby, the information received by the receiving means comprising information relating to the time of measurement of the relating measured signal, the receiving means being adapted to use this information in timing or synchronizing of signals,

a central unit is adapted to transmit a clocking signal to all transducer means and where all transducer means are adapted to sample the signal to be measured at the same time and in accordance with this clocking signal, or

each of the at least two transducer means comprises a clocking signal generator generating a signal at least substantially independent on the clocking signals of the clocking signal generators of the other transducer means, each transducer means is adapted to measure the continuous signal in a manner controlled by the clocking signal generated by the individual transducers'"'"' clocking signal generator, and the receiving means comprise a common clocking signal generator and is adapted to perform a re-sampling of the received signals to the common clocking signal generated by the common clocking signal generator,

so that the means for receiving and processing the digit al signals being adapted to, from two digital signals received from two signal generating means, determine within a calculatable upper uncertainty being less than 100 μ

s, any time difference between the transmission of the two digital signals.

56. A system according to claim 55, wherein the measured signal is varying and has a periodic content, and wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is less than 2 periods of the measured signal.

57. A system according to claim 56, wherein the period of the measured signal is that of a frequency thereof.

58. A system according to claim 55, wherein the calculatable upper uncertainty is 10 ms or less.

59. A system according to claim 55, wherein the digital signals comprise information relating to the time of transmission by the signal generating means in the time of receipt of the digital signals by the receiving means.

60. A system according to claim 55, wherein the signal generating means are chosen from the group consisting of computers, digital transducers, A/D converting means, DAT tape recorders.

61. A system according to claim 55, wherein the signal generating means are adapted to operate in accordance with controlling signals generated by the receiving means and transmitted from the receiving means to the signal generating means by the transporting means.

62. A system according to claim 55, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two signal generating means are adapted to generate clocking signals having a frequency lower than that generated by the common clocking signal generator.

63. A system according to claim 55, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two signal generating means are adapted to generate clocking signals having substantially identical frequencies.

64. A system according to claim 55, wherein the clocking signal generators of the at least two signal generating means are adapted to generate clocking signals having different frequencies.