Passive ranging to source of known spectral emission to cue active radar system

• US 6,275,283 B1
• Filed: 09/07/2000
• Issued: 08/14/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 07/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Textron Innovations Incorporated (Textron Inc)
• Original Assignee: Textron Systems Corporation (Textron Inc)
• Inventors: Hasson, Victor H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hellner, Mark
• Application Number:
  US09/656,814
• Time in Patent Office: 341 Days
• Field of Search: 356/4.07, 342/351, 250/339.15, 250/342
• US Class Current: 356/4.07
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 3/08 Use of electric radiation detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0278 Control or determination of height or angle information for sensors or receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/443 Emission spectrometry
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 11/12 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/86 Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder

Abstract

A passive ranging optical system is coupled to an active radar system. The passive ranging optical system provides range and rate information to the active radar system. After receiving the range and rate information, the active radar system uses fewer transmission pulses but achieves higher resolution of the range of the target because of improved range gate information.

Claims

1. A system for passive determination of the range of a source of known spectral emission to cue an active radar system, comprising:

optical apparatus for receiving radiation propagating from the source via an atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus, the atmosphere providing for selective attenuation of spectral lines of the radiation as a function of frequency of the spectral lines;

computer means, and means operatively coupled to said computer means for storing a known spectrum of the radiation as emitted by the source, at least a portion of said known spectrum being continuous with substantially constant amplitude and having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

means operatively coupled to said computer means for analyzing a received spectrum of the radiation as received by said optical apparatus, said received spectrum having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

wherein said first and said second frequency components of said received spectrum are alterable from said first and said second frequency components of said known spectrum by Doppler frequency shift due to motion of said source;

said system further comprises means for providing said computer means with spectrally dependent attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere;

said computer means computes plural amplitude ratios of frequency components wherein one of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and the second frequency components of said known spectrum and a second of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and the second frequency components of said received spectrum;

said continuous substantially constant spectral portion enables said ratios to be independent of Doppler frequency shift;

said computer means is operative further to determine the range of the source based on said amplitude ratios and on said attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere; and

an active radar system receiving the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies from said computer means, said active radar system being cued by the receiving of the range of the source to switch from a passive mode to an active mode.

2. A system according to claim 1 further comprising means coupled to said computer means for computing range rate as a function of optical frequencies of said source from a succession of range measurements of the source.

3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said computer means is operative to correlate the received spectrum with the known spectrum for identification of the source.

4. A system according to claim 1 wherein said optical apparatus includes a signature memory and means for correlating the received spectrum with a reference spectrum of said signature memory to determine the presence of the source.

5. A system according to claim 1 wherein said source undergoes motion relative to said optical apparatus, and said optical apparatus includes means for tracking the source.

6. A system according to claim 1 wherein

the determination of the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies constitutes a first range measurement;

said known spectrum includes a third frequency component and said received spectrum includes a third frequency component; and

said computer means is operative to provide an additional measurement of the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies based on the third frequency component of said known spectrum and the third frequency component of said received spectrum, said computer means being operative further to provide an average value of the first range measurement and the additional range measurement.

7. A method for passive determination of the range of a source of known spectral emission by use of optical apparatus for viewing the source to cue an active radar system, comprising the steps of:

receiving radiation propagating from the source via an atmospheric path to the optical apparatus, the atmosphere providing for selective attenuation of frequency components of the radiation as a function of frequency of the frequency components;

storing a known spectrum of the radiation as emitted by the source, at least a portion of said known spectrum being continuous with substantially constant amplitude and having act least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

analyzing a received spectrum of the radiation as received by the optical apparatus, the received spectrum having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

wherein said first and said second frequency components of said received spectrum are alterable from said first and said second frequency components of said known spectrum by Doppler frequency shift due to motion of said source;

said method further comprising steps of obtaining spectrally dependent attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere;

computing plural amplitude ratios of the frequency components wherein one of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and the second frequency components of said known spectrum and a second of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and the second frequency components of said received spectrum;

determining the range of the source based on said amplitude ratios and on said attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere;

wherein said continuous substantially constant spectral portion enables said ratios to be independent of Doppler frequency shift; and

transmitting the range, as a function of optical frequencies, of the source from said computer means to an active radar system, said active radar system being cued by the receiving of the range of the source to switch from a passive mode to an active mode.

8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said known spectrum includes a third frequency component and said received spectrum includes a third frequency component, said method including further steps of

determining range based on computation of additional amplitude ratios having said third frequency components to produce the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies; and

averaging the range of the source provided in both of said range-determining steps.

9. A system for passive determination of the range of a source of known spectral emission to cue an active radar system, comprising:

optical apparatus for receiving radiation propagating from the source via an atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus, the atmosphere providing for selective attenuation of spectral lines of the radiation as a function of frequency of the spectral lines;

at least one computer, and a data storage medium operatively coupled to said at least one computer that stores known atmospheric attenuation data for at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component, said first frequency component being attenuated by propagating through a known distance in the atmosphere, said second frequency component being attenuated in a lesser amount by propagating through the same distance in the atmosphere;

a spectrum analyzer operatively coupled to said at least one computer that analyzes a received spectrum of the radiation as received by said optical apparatus, said received spectrum having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

wherein said first and said second frequency components of said received spectrum are alterable from said first and said second frequency components of said known spectral emission by Doppler frequency shift due to motion of said source;

said system further comprises an atmosphere information unit that provides said at least one computer with spectrally dependent attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere;

said at least one computer computes plural amplitude ratios of said frequency components wherein one of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and the second frequency components of said known spectrum and a second of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and second frequency components of said received spectrum;

said continuous substantially constant spectral portion enables said ratios to be independent of Doppler frequency shift;

said at least one computer is operative further to determine the range of the source based on said amplitude ratios and on said attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere; and

an active radar system receiving the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies from said at least one computer, said active radar system being cued by the receiving of the range of the source to switch from a passive mode to an active mode.

10. The system according to claim 9, further comprising a range rate calculation unit coupled to said at least one computer that computes range rate of said source from a succession of range measurements of the source.

11. The system according to claim 9, wherein said at least one computer is operative to correlate the received spectrum with the known spectrum for identification of the source.

12. The system according to claim 9, wherein said optical apparatus includes a signature memory and a correlator to correlate said received spectrum with a reference spectrum of said signature memory to determine the presence of the source.

13. The system according to claim 9, wherein said source undergoes motion relative to said optical apparatus, and said optical apparatus includes a tracking unit to track the source.

14. The system according to claim 9, wherein:

the determination of the range of the source constitutes a first range measurement;

said known spectrum includes a third frequency component and said received spectrum includes a third frequency component; and

said at least one computer is operative to provide an additional measurement of the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies based on the third frequency component of said known spectrum and the third frequency component of said received spectrum, said at least one computer being operative further to provide an average value of the first range measurement and the additional range measurement.

15. A system for passive determination of the range of a source of known spectral emission to cue an active radar system, comprising:

optical apparatus to receive radiation propagating from the source via an atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus, the atmosphere providing for selective attenuation of spectral lines of the radiation as a function of frequency of the spectral lines, said optical apparatus further comprising;

a wide-band optical detector to convert, from optical energy to a spectral portion electrical signal, a portion of the received spectrum of the radiation as received by the optical apparatus, said portion of the received spectrum having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

first and second narrow-band optical detectors, to convert from optical energy to respective first and second narrow-band electrical signals, the radiation propagating from the source via the atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus, said first narrow-band optical detector receiving through a respective spectral line filter said first frequency component, but not said second frequency component, and said second narrow-band optical detector receiving through a respective line filter said second frequency component, but not said first frequency component;

a spectrum analyzer unit coupled to said wide-band optical detector to analyze the spectral portion electrical signal, said spectrum analyzer further coupled to said first and second narrow-band optical detectors and being activated only upon an indication based on the first and second narrow-band electrical signals of the presence of said first and second frequency components;

a computer, and computer readable storage media operatively coupled to said computer,

said computer readable media storing a known spectrum of the radiation as emitted by the source, at least a portion of said known spectrum being continuous with substantially constant amplitude and including at least said first frequency component and said second frequency component;

said computer computing plural amplitude ratios of frequency components wherein one of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and second frequency components of said known spectrum and a second of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of the first and second frequency components of said spectral portion; and

said computer is operative further to determine the range of the source based on said amplitude ratios and on said attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere; and

an active radar system receiving the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies from said at least one computer, said active radar system being cued by the receiving of the range of the source to switch from a passive mode to an active mode.

16. The system according to claim 15, further including a correlation unit coupled to said first and second narrow-band optical detectors, said correlation unit obtaining a best fit between incoming spectral data and the known spectrum of said source radiation stored in said computer readable media.

17. The system according to claim 16, further including a Faraday filter having an optical passband dependent on the strength of a magnetic field of said Faraday filter, the magnetic field strength being set by a passband signal being outputted by the correlation unit corresponding to the detection of a spectral line by at least one of the narrow-band optical detectors.

18. The system according to claim 17, further including:

a detector assembly comprising an array of charge-coupled devices providing a two-dimensional viewing of a portion of the source radiation; and

an acquisition-mode electronics unit electrically coupled to said detector assembly, said detector assembly providing a boresight error signal to said acquisition-mode electronics unit, which, in turn, provides electrical signals to said optical apparatus for repositioning.

19. The system according to claim 15, wherein said first and second frequency components of said received spectral portion are alterable from said first and said second frequency components of said known spectrum by Doppler frequency shift due to motion of said source.

20. The system according to claim 15, further comprising an atmosphere information unit that provides said at least one computer with spectrally dependent attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere.

21. The system according to claim 15, wherein said continuous substantially constant spectral portion enables said ratios to be independent of Doppler frequency shift.

22. The system according to claim 15, further comprising a range rate calculation unit coupled to said at least one computer for computing range rate of said source from a succession of range measurements of the source.

23. The system according to claim 15, wherein said at least one computer is operative to correlate the received spectral portion with the known spectrum for identification of the source.

24. The system according to claim 15, wherein said optical apparatus includes a signature memory and a correlator to correlate said received spectrum with a reference spectrum of said signature memory to determine the presence of the source.

25. The system according to claim 15, wherein said known spectrum includes a third frequency component and said received spectrum includes a third frequency component, said at least one computer further being employed to:

determine range based on computation of additional amplitude ratios having said third frequency components to produce the range of the source; and

average the range of the source provided in both of said range-determining steps.

26. A method for passive determination of the range of a source of known spectral emission to cue an active radar system, comprising:

receiving radiation propagating from the source via an atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus, the atmosphere providing for selective attenuation of spectral lines of the radiation as a function of frequency of the spectral lines;

storing a known spectrum of the radiation as emitted by the source, at least a portion of said known spectrum being continuous with substantially constant amplitude and having at least a first frequency component and a second frequency component;

converting, from optical energy to a spectral portion electrical signal, a portion of the received spectrum of the radiation propagating from the source via the atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus by a wide-band optical detector in said optical apparatus, said portion of the received spectrum corresponding to said spectral portion being continuous with substantially constant amplitude and having at least said first frequency component and said second frequency component;

converting, from optical energy to first and second narrow-band electrical signals, the radiation propagating from the source via the atmospheric propagation path to the optical apparatus by first and second narrow-band optical detectors in said optical apparatus, said first narrow-band optical detector receiving through a respective spectral line filter said first frequency component, but not said second frequency component, and said second narrow-band optical detector receiving through a respective spectral line filter said second frequency component, but not said first frequency component;

analyzing the spectral portion electrical signal corresponding to the portion of the received spectrum converted by the wide-band optical detector in response to determining that said first and second frequency components are present in the received spectral portion of the source radiation;

computing plural amplitude ratios of frequency components wherein one of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of amplitudes of the first and second frequency components of said known spectrum and a second of said amplitude ratios is the ratio of the first and second frequency components of said spectral portion;

determining the range of the source based on said amplitude ratios and on said attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere; and

cuing an active radar system with the range of the source as a function of optical frequencies, said active radar system switching from a passive mode to an active mode in response to receiving the range of the source.

27. The method according to claim 26, further including obtaining a best fit between incoming spectral data and the known spectrum of said source radiation.

28. The method according to claim 26, wherein said first and second frequency components of said received spectrum are alterable from said first and said second frequency components of said known spectrum by Doppler frequency shift due to motion of said source.

29. The method according to claim 26, further comprising steps of obtaining spectrally dependent attenuation characteristics of the atmosphere.

30. The method according to claim 26, wherein said continuous substantially constant spectral portion enables said ratios to be independent of Doppler frequency shift.

31. The method according to claim 26, wherein said known spectrum includes a third frequency component and said received spectral portion includes a third frequency component, said method including further steps of:

determining range based on computation of additional amplitude ratios having said third frequency components to produce the range of the source; and

averaging the range of the source provided in both of said range-determining steps.

32. A method for determining the range of a source of known spectral emission, comprising:

using a passive radar system, determining the range of the source of known spectral emission by comparing a stored spectral signature to a measured spectral signature having spectral line attenuation as a function of an atmospheric propagation path between the source and the passive radar system; and

cuing an active radar system with the range of the source as determined by the passive radar system to switch the active radar system from passive mode to active mode.