Method for reference signal generation in the presence of frequency offsets in a communications station with spatial processing

• US 6,275,543 B1
• Filed: 09/15/1998
• Issued: 08/14/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: ArrayComm LLC (Ygomi LLC)
• Inventors: Petrus, Paul, Chiodini, Alain M., Trott, Mitchell D., Parish, David M., Youssefmir, Michael, Rosenfeld, Dov
• Primary Examiner(s): Ghebretinsae, Temesghen
• Application Number:
  US09/153,110
• Time in Patent Office: 1,064 Days
• Field of Search: 375/324, 375/326, 375/130, 370/310, 343/879, 343/893, 342/368, 342/378
• US Class Current: 375/324
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0851 using training sequences or error signal minimizing error signal H04B7/0854
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/06 using space diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/003 at baseband only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0046 Open loops
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0095 in a preamble or similar structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2332 using a non-coherent carrier

Abstract

A method for generating a reference signal from a modulated signal transmitted to a communications station that includes an array of antenna elements and spatial processing means including: separating from the signals received at the antenna elements a copy signal corresponding to the signal transmitted by a particular remote station using an initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote station; determining from the terminal copy signal a reference signal having substantially the same frequency offset and time alignment as the received antenna signals; and computing a new spatial weight vector by optimizing a cost function, the cost function using the received antenna signals and the reference signal. For demodulation, the method further includes extracting the symbols of the modulated signal.

Claims

1. In a communications station, the communications station including an array of antennas and spatial processing means, the spatial processing means including means for weighting a set of antenna signals by a set of corresponding receive weights, each distinct antenna signal derived from the signal received at a corresponding antenna of the array, a method for producing a reference signal from a modulated signal transmitted to the communications station by a particular remote station, the modulated signal modulated at symbol points by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, the alphabet including symbols that have different phases, the method comprising:

(a) weighting the received antenna signals to form a copy signal corresponding to the particular remote station, the weighting using a spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote station, the copy signal being in the form of copy signal samples; and

(b) determining samples of the reference signal by, for each of a set of sample points;

(i) constructing an ideal signal sample from the copy signal at the same sample point, the ideal signal sample having a phase determined from the copy signal at the sample point, with the phase of the ideal signal sample at an initial symbol point set to be an initial ideal signal phase;

(ii) relaxing the phase of the ideal signal sample towards the copy signal sample phase to produce the phase of the reference signal; and

(iii) producing the reference signal having the phase of the reference signal determined in relaxing step (b)(ii),

wherein the spatial weight vector is determined from the received antenna signals and from the reference signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the phase of the ideal signal is determined in the ideal signal constructing step (b)(i) sample by sample, the phase of the ideal signal sample at any sample point being determined:

from the phase of the reference signal at the previous sample point for which said phase is determined, and

from a decision based on the copy signal.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the initial symbol point is the first valid symbol point in a burst of samples of received antenna signals, and the reference signal sample determining step (b) determines the samples of the reference signal in the forward time direction.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the initial symbol point is the last valid symbol point in a burst of samples of received antenna signals, and the reference signal sample determining step (b) determines the samples of the reference signal in the backwards time direction.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to adding a filtered version of the difference between the copy signal phase and ideal signal phase.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to forming the reference signal sample b_R(n) by adding to the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) a filtered version of the difference between the copy signal and ideal signal.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the filter is a zero order filter consisting of multiplication by a constant and wherein the phase ∠

b_R(n) of the reference signal sample b_R(n) is computed as

 

∠

b_R(n)=∠

b_ideal(n)+γ

{∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n)},

where γ

denotes the constant.

8. The method of claim 5 wherein the filter is a linear discrete time filter with a transfer function denoted H(z) in the Z-domain with input to the filter being the sequence {∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n)}.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the quantity ∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n) is phase unwrapped.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein the quantity ∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n) is constrained to be in the range −

π

to +π

.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the quantity ∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n) is phase unwrapped.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the quantity ∠

b_N(n)−

∠

b_ideal(n) is constrained to be in the range −

π

to +π

.

13. The method of claim 6 wherein the filter is a zero order filter consisting of multiplication by a constant so that the reference signal sample b_R(n) is computed as

14. The method of claim 6 wherein the filter is a linear discrete time filter with a transfer function denoted H(z) in the Z-domain with input to the filter being the sequence

15. The method of claim 8 wherein the filter is a first order filter having a transfer function $H$

(z)=γ

+β



 



z-11-δ



 



z-1

where γ

, β

, and δ

are parameters.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the filter is a first order filter having a transfer function $H$

(z)=γ

+β



 



z-11-δ



 



z-1

where γ

, β

, and δ

are parameters.

17. The method of claim 7 wherein reference signal determining step (b) further includes prior to producing step (b)(iii) correcting the phase of the reference signal sample by an amount dependent on the difference in phase between the previously determined reference signal sample and the previously determined copy signal sample.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein reference signal determining step (b) further includes prior to producing step (b)(iii) correcting the phase of the reference signal sample by an amount dependent on the difference between the previously determined reference signal sample and the previously determined copy signal sample.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the modulation scheme is phase shift keying.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the modulation scheme is differential phase shift keying.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the modulation scheme is QAM.

22. In a communications station including an array of antennas and spatial processing means, the spatial processing means including means for weighting a set of received antenna signals by a set of corresponding receive weights, each distinct received antenna signal derived from the signal received at a corresponding antenna of the array, a method for generating a reference signal from a modulated signal transmitted to the communications station by a particular remote station, the modulated signal modulated at symbol points by a modulation scheme that has a finite symbol alphabet, the alphabet including symbols that have different phases, the method comprising:

(a) separating from the received antenna signals a copy signal corresponding to the particular remote station by using an initial spatial weight vector corresponding to the particular remote station;

(b) determining from the terminal copy signal a reference signal having substantially the same frequency offset and time alignment as the received antenna signals; and

(c) computing a new spatial weight vector by optimizing a cost function, the cost function using the received antenna signals and the reference signal.

23. The method of claim 22 further including extracting the symbols of the modulated signal.

24. The method of claim 22 further including performing timing alignment on the received antenna signals, said step (a) of separating and said step (c) of new spatial weight computing using the time aligned received antenna signals.

25. The method of claim 22 further including performing frequency offset correction on the received antenna signals, said step (a) of separating and said step (c) of new spatial weight computing using the frequency-offset corrected received antenna signals.

26. The method of claim 24 further including performing frequency offset correction on the received antenna signals, said step (a) of separating and said step (c) of new spatial weight computing using the frequency-offset corrected and time aligned received antenna signals.

27. The method of claim 22 further comprising repeating said separating step (a) at least once, using in the repetition of said separating step (a) the new spatial weight vector previously determined in said new weight computing step (c) instead of the initial spatial weight vector.

28. The method of claim 22 further comprising repeating said reference signal determining step (b) at least once.

29. The method of claim 22 further including:

estimating a frequency offset and a timing misalignment of the copy signal; and

correcting the copy signal for frequency offset and timing misalignment to form a corrected copy signal,

wherein the reference signal determining step (b) includes

synthesizing a corrected reference signal that has substantially the same frequency offset and timing alignment as the corrected copy signal; and

applying frequency offset and time misalignment to the corrected reference signal to form a frequency offset and time misaligned reference signal having the same frequency offset and time misalignment as the received antenna signals.

30. The method of claim 22 further including:

estimating a timing misalignment of the copy signal; and

correcting the copy signal for timing misalignment to form a timing aligned copy signal,

wherein the reference signal determining step (b) includes

synthesizing a timing aligned reference signal that has substantially the same timing alignment as the timing-aligned copy signal; and

applying time misalignment to the timing aligned reference signal to form a timing misaligned reference signal having substantially the same time alignment as the received antenna signals.

31. The method of claim 22 further including:

estimating the frequency offset of the copy signal, and

correcting the copy signal for frequency offset to form a frequency offset corrected copy signal,

wherein the reference signal determining step (b) includes

synthesizing a frequency offset corrected reference signal that has substantially the same frequency offset as the frequency offset corrected copy signal; and

applying frequency offset to the frequency offset corrected reference signal to form a frequency offset reference signal having substantially the same frequency offset as the received antenna signals.

32. The method of claim 22 wherein said step (b) of determining the reference signal includes, for each of a set of sample points:

(i) constructing an ideal signal sample from the copy signal at the same sample point, the ideal signal sample having a phase determined from the copy signal at the sample point, with the phase of the ideal signal sample at an initial symbol point set to be an initial ideal signal phase;

(ii) relaxing the phase of the ideal signal sample towards the copy signal sample phase to produce the phase of the reference signal; and

(iii) producing the reference signal having the phase of the reference signal determined in said relaxing step (b)(ii).

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the phase of the ideal signal is determined in the ideal signal constructing step (b)(i) sample by sample, the phase of the ideal signal sample at any sample point being determined:

from the phase of the reference signal at the previous sample point for which said phase is determined, and

from a decision based on the copy signal.

34. The method of claim 32 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to adding a filtered version of the difference between the copy signal phase and ideal signal phase.

35. The method of claim 32 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to forming the reference signal sample b_R(n) by adding to the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) a filtered version of the difference between the copy signal and ideal signal.

36. The method of claim 31 wherein the frequency offset corrected reference signal synthesizing step includes, for each of a set of sample points:

(i) constructing an ideal signal sample from the frequency offset corrected copy signal at the same sample point, the ideal signal sample having a phase determined from the frequency offset corrected copy signal at the sample point, with the phase of the ideal signal sample at an initial symbol point set to be an initial ideal signal phase;

(ii) relaxing the phase of the ideal signal sample towards the frequency offset corrected copy signal sample phase to produce the phase of the frequency offset corrected reference signal; and

(iii) producing the frequency offset corrected reference signal having the phase of the frequency offset corrected reference signal determined in said relaxing step (ii).

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the phase of the ideal signal is determined in the ideal signal constructing step (i) sample by sample, the phase of the ideal signal sample at any sample point being determined:

from the phase of the frequency offset corrected reference signal at the previous sample point for which said phase is determined, and

from a decision based on the frequency offset corrected copy signal.

38. The method of claim 36 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the frequency offset corrected copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to adding a filtered version of the difference between the frequency offset corrected copy signal phase and ideal signal phase.

39. The method of claim 36 wherein the step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the frequency offset corrected copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to forming the reference signal sample b_R(n) by adding to the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) a filtered version of the difference between the frequency offset corrected copy signal and ideal signal.

40. The method of claim 30 wherein the timing aligned reference signal synthesizing step includes, for each of a set of sample points:

(i) constructing an ideal signal sample from the timing aligned copy signal at the same sample point, the ideal signal sample having a phase determined from the timing aligned copy signal at the sample point, with the phase of the ideal signal sample at an initial symbol point set to be an initial ideal signal phase;

(ii) relaxing the phase of the ideal signal sample towards the timing aligned copy signal sample phase to produce the phase of the timing aligned reference signal; and

(iii) producing the timing aligned reference signal having the phase of the timing aligned reference signal determined in relaxing step (ii).

41. The method of claim 40 wherein the phase of the ideal signal is determined in the ideal signal constructing step (i) sample by sample, the phase of the ideal signal sample at any sample point being determined:

from the phase of the timing aligned reference signal at the previous sample point for which said phase is determined, and

from a decision based on the timing aligned copy signal.

42. The method of claim 40 wherein said step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the timing aligned copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to adding a filtered version of the difference between the timing aligned copy signal phase and ideal signal phase.

43. The method of claim 40 wherein said step of relaxing the phase ∠

b_ideal(n) of the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) towards the phase ∠

b_N(n) of the timing aligned copy signal b_N(n) corresponds to forming the reference signal sample b_R(n) by adding to the ideal signal sample b_ideal(n) a filtered version of the difference between the timing aligned copy signal and ideal signal.

44. The method of claim 29 wherein the corrected reference signal synthesizing step includes:

coherently demodulating the corrected copy signal to form signal symbols; and

re-modulating the signal symbols to form the corrected reference signal having substantially the same timing alignment and frequency offset as the corrected copy signal.

45. The method of claim 31 wherein the frequency offset corrected reference signal synthesizing step includes:

coherently demodulating the frequency offset corrected copy signal to form signal symbols; and

re-modulating the signal symbols to form the frequency offset corrected reference signal having substantially the same frequency offset as the frequency offset corrected copy signal.

46. The method of claim 29 wherein estimating the frequency offset includes:

applying a nonlinearity to a set of samples determined from the copy signal;

taking a DFT; and

determining the shift that when applied to an interpolation function causes the shifted interpolation function to best fit the DFT result, the resulting determined shift being a multiple of the estimated frequency offset.

47. The method of claim 31 wherein estimating the frequency offset includes:

applying a nonlinearity to a set of samples determined from the copy signal;

taking a DFT; and

determining the shift that when applied to an interpolation function causes the shifted interpolation function to best fit the DFT result, the resulting determined shift being a multiple of the estimated frequency offset.