Baseband receiver apparatus and method

• US 6,275,544 B1
• Filed: 11/03/1999
• Issued: 08/14/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intellectual Ventures Holding 81 LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: Fantasma Networks Incorporated
• Inventors: Aiello, Roberto, Sparrell, Carlton J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Chi
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bayard, Emmanuel
• Application Number:
  US09/433,520
• Time in Patent Office: 650 Days
• Field of Search: 375/316, 375/320, 375/324, 375/326, 375/226, 375/340, 375/354, 375/368, 375/371, 329/312, 329/313, 329/314, 329/311, 329/365, 329/366, 329/367, 329/370, 327/69, 327/76
• US Class Current: 375/326
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/71632 Signal aspects H04B1/7172 and H04B1/7176 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7183 Synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/6908 using time hopping
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/003 at baseband only
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0036 using a recovered symbol clock
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0067 Phase error detectors
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2027/0095 in a preamble or similar structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/066 Carrier recovery circuits H04L27/2271 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/033 using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/042 Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines digital correlators in general G06F17/15

Abstract

A base band receiver apparatus comprising an RF front end section, a pulse detection unit wherein modulated, ultra-short spread spectrum pulses are detected, and a data recovery unit wherein clock and data recovery from the detected pulses are carried out. The RF front end includes an antenna and circuitry for filtering and amplifying RF signals received by the antenna. The pulse detection unit preferably includes a tunnel diode or Schottky diode which rectifies the incoming voltage signals from the RF front end and provides a power envelope, a high pass filter which removes residual DC offset from the voltage signals, and a comparator which provides threshold voltage detection. The data unit includes a clock recovery function for generating master clock timing information from the detected pulse stream, a phase offset detector for determining delays associated with pulsed data transmission from other non-master networked devices, and a data recovery function for determining digital values for incoming signals according to timing information from the clock recovery function and phase offset information from the phase offset detector.

Claims

1. A base band receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) an RF front end;

(b) a pulse detector, said pulse detector operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(c) a data processing function, said data processing function operatively coupled to said pulse detector, said data processing function including a clock recovery function, a phase offset detector, and a data recovery function, said clock recovery function configured to recover a master clock timing information from said pulse detector.

2. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 1, wherein said pulse detector comprises an envelope detector circuit.

3. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 2, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a tunnel diode.

4. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 2, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a Schottky diode.

5. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 4, wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises a high pass filter, said Schottky diode serially interfaced to said RF front end and said high pass filter, said Schottky diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said RF front end, said Schottky diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

6. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 3, wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises a high pass filter, said tunnel diode serially interfaced to said RF front end and said high pass filter, said tunnel diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said RF front end, said tunnel diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

7. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 1, wherein said RF front end comprises:

(a) an antenna;

(b) at least one RF filter, said RF filter operatively coupled to said antenna; and

(c) at least one RF amplifier, said RF amplifier operatively coupled to said RF filter.

8. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 2, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises:

(a) a tunnel diode, said tunnel diode operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said tunnel diode, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said data processing function.

9. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 2, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises:

(a) a Schottky diode, said Schottky diode operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said Schottky diode, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said data processing function.

10. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 8, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a high pass filter, said tunnel diode operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

11. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 9, wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a high pass filter, said Schottky diode operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

12. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 8, wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises:

(a) a first amplifier, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said tunnel diode, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a second amplifier, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said high pass filter, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said voltage comparator.

13. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 9, wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises:

(a) a first amplifier, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said Schottky diode, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a second amplifier, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said high pass filter, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said voltage comparator.

14. A base band receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) a front end section, said front end section including an antenna configured to receive short pulse RF signals and convert said RF pulse signals into a voltage pulse stream;

(b) a detector diode envelope detector, said detector diode envelope detector operatively coupled to said front end section, said detector diode envelope detector configured to detect pulses in said voltage pulse stream; and

(c) a data processing section, said data processing section operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector, said data processing section configured to recover timing information from said detected pulses, said data processing section configured to recover phase offset information from said detected pulses according to said timing information, said data processing function configured to recover data from said detected pulses according to said timing information and said phase offset information, said timing information including a master sync code for each data frame of said detected pulses.

15. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 14, wherein said front end section further comprises at least one frequency selective filter and at least one amplifier, said frequency selective filter and said amplifier operatively coupled to said antenna.

16. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 14, wherein said detector diode envelope detector comprises a tunnel diode operatively coupled to said front end section, and a voltage comparator operatively coupled to said tunnel diode.

17. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 16, wherein said detector diode envelope detector further comprises a high pass filter, said high pass filter operatively coupled to said tunnel diode and said voltage comparator.

18. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 14, wherein said detector diode envelope detector comprises a Schottky diode operatively coupled to said front end section, and a voltage comparator operatively coupled to said Schottky diode.

19. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 18, wherein said detector diode envelope detector further comprises a high pass filter, said high pass filter operatively coupled to said Schottky diode and said voltage comparator.

20. A base band spread spectrum receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) a front end section;

(b) a pulse envelope detector for detecting pulses received at said front end section, said pulse envelope detector operatively coupled to said front end, said pulse envelope detector including a detector diode and a high pass filter, said detector diode serially interfaced to said front end and said high pass filter, said detector diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said front end section, said detector diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass filter; and

(c) a data recovery function, said data recovery function operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector configured to recover a master clock timing information including a master sync code for each data frame of detected pulses from said pulse envelope detector.

21. The base band spread spectrum receiver apparatus of claim 20, wherein said pulse envelope detector further comprises a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said high pass filter and said data recovery function.

22. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 20, wherein said front end section further comprises at least one frequency selective filter and at least one amplifier, said frequency selective filter and said amplifier operatively coupled to said antenna.

23. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 20, wherein said detector diode comprises a tunnel diode.

24. The base band receiver apparatus of claim 20, wherein said detector diode comprises a Schottky diode.

25. A method for receiving base band signals, comprising:

(a) converting an RF pulse stream into a voltage pulse stream;

(b) detecting pulses in said pulse stream with a detector diode pulse envelope detector, said detected pulses including master clock timing information;

(c) recovering said master clock timing information from said detected pulses;

(d) determining phase offset corrections from said detected pulses according to said master clock timing information; and

(e) recovering data from said detected pulses according to said master clock timing information and said phase offset corrections.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising masking selected ones of said detected pulses when said selected detected pulses are predicted to be unassociated with said master clock timing information.

27. The method of claim 25, further comprising masking selected ones of said detected pulses, said selected detected pulses being unassociated with said phase offset information.

28. The method of claim 25, further comprising stretching said detected pulses.

29. A base band receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) an RF front end;

b) a pulse detector, said pulse detector operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(c) a data processing function, said data processing function operatively coupled to said pulse detector, said data processing function including a clock recovery function, a phase offset detector, and a data recovery function;

wherein said clock recovery function comprises;

(a) a pulse sampler, said pulse sampler operatively coupled to said pulse detector;

b) at least one correlator, said correlator operatively coupled to said pulse sampler;

(c) a phase lock element, said lock element operatively coupled to said pulse detector; and

(d) a sync predictor, said sync predictor operatively coupled to said correlator.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a mask element, said mask element operatively coupled to said pulse detector, said mask element operatively coupled to sync predictor, said mask element operatively coupled to pulse sampler.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said mask element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said pulse sampler.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said phase offset detector comprises:

(a) an offset detector, said offset detector operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said offset detector operatively coupled to said pulse detector; and

(b) a data header predictor, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said correlator, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said offset detector.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said phase offset detector farther comprises a mask element, said mask element operatively coupled to said offset detector, said mask element operatively coupled to said data header predictor, said mask element operatively coupled to said pulse detector.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein said phase offset detector further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said mask element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said offset detector.

35. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein said data processing function comprises:

(a) a digitally controlled delay circuit, said digitally controlled delay circuit operatively coupled to said phase lock element and said offset detector;

(b) an analog-to-digital converter, said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said digitally controlled delay circuit, said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said pulse detector; and

(c) a decoder, said decoder operatively coupled to said analog-to-digital converter.

36. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said pulse detector comprises an envelope detector circuit.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a tunnel diode.

38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises a high pass filter, said Schottky diode serially interfaced to said RF front end and said high pass filter, said Schottly diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said RF front end, said Schottky diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

39. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a Schottky diode.

40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises a high pass filter, said Schottky diode serially interfaced to said RF front end and said high pass filter, said Schottky diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said RF front end, said Schottky diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

41. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises:

(a) a tunnel diode, said tunnel diode operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said tunnel diode, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said data processing function.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a high pass filter, sand tunnel diode operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said envelope detector circuit further comprises:

(a) a first amplifier, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said tunnel diode, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a second amplifier, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said high pass filter, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said voltage comparator.

44. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises:

(a) a Schottky diode, said Schottky diode operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said Schottky diode, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said data processing function.

45. The apparatus of claim 44 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises a high pass filter, said Schottky diode operatively coupled to said high pass filter.

46. The apparatus of claim 44 wherein said envelope detector circuit comprises:

(a) a first amplifier, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said Schottky diode, said first amplifier operatively coupled to said RF front end; and

(b) a second amplifier, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said high pass filter, said second amplifier operatively coupled to said voltage comparator.

47. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said RF front end comprises:

(a) an antenna;

(b) at least one RF filter, said RF filter operatively coupled to said antenna; and

(c) at least one RF amplifier, said RF amplifier operatively coupled to said RF filter.

48. A base band receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) a front end section, said front end section including an antenna configured to receive short pulse RF signals and convert said RF pulse signals into a voltage pulse stream;

(b) a detector diode envelope detector, said detector diode envelope detector operatively coupled to said front end section, said detector diode envelope detector configured to detect pulses in said voltage pulse stream; and

(c) a data processing section, said data processing section operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector, said data processing section configured to recover timing information from said detected pulses, said data processing section configured to recover phase offset information from said detected pulses according to said timing information, said data processing function configured to recover data from said detected pulses according to said timing information and said phase offset information;

wherein said data processing section comprises a clock recovery function, said clock recovery function comprising;

(a) a pulse sampler, said pulse sampler operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector, said pulse sampler configured to sample said detected pulses;

(b) at least one correlator operatively coupled to said pulse sampler, said correlator configured to match said detected pulses with a predetermined pattern representative of a synchronization symbol;

(c) a phase lock element operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector; and

(d) a sync predictor, said sync predictor operatively coupled to said correlator.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a pulse suppressor, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said sync predictor, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said pulse sampler, sand pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said voltage comparator.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to a mask element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said pulse sampler, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said phase lock element.

51. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said data processing section further comprises a phase offset detector, said phase offset detector comprising:

(a) an offset detector, said offset detector operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said offset detector operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector; and

(b) a data header predictor, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said correlator, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said offset detector.

52. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said phase offset detector further comprises a pulse suppressor, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said offset detector, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said data header predictor, said pulse suppressor operatively coupled to said detector diode envelope detector.

53. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein said phase offset detector further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said pulse suppressor, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said offset detector.

54. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said data processing section further comprises a data detector, said data detector comprising:

(a) a digital sampling timer circuit, said digital sampling timer circuit operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said digital sampling timer circuit operatively coupled to said offset detector;

(b) an analog-to-digital converter, said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said digital sampling timer circuit, said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said tunnel diode detector; and

(c) a decoder, said decoder operatively coupled to said analog-to-digital converter.

55. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said front end section further comprises at least one frequency selective filter and at least one amplifier, said frequency selective filter and said amplifier operatively coupled to said antenna.

56. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said detector diode envelope detector comprises a tunnel diode operatively coupled to said front end section, and a voltage comparator operatively coupled to said tunnel diode.

57. The apparatus of claim 56 wherein said detector diode envelope detector further comprises a high pass filter, said high pass filter operatively coupled to said tunnel diode and said voltage comparator.

58. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein said detector diode envelope detector comprises a Schottky diode operatively coupled to said front end section, and a voltage comparator operatively coupled to said Schottky diode.

59. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein said detector diode envelope detector further comprises a high pass filter, said high pass filter operatively coupled to said Schottky diode and said voltage comparator.

60. A base band spread spectrum receiver apparatus, comprising:

(a) a front end section;

(b) a pulse envelope detector, said pulse envelope detector operatively coupled to said front end, said pulse envelope detector including a detector diode and a high pass filter, said detector diode serially interfaced to said front end and said high pass filter, said detector diode having an anode end operatively coupled to said front end section, said detector diode having a cathode end operatively coupled to said high pass fitter; and

(c) a data recovery function, said data recovery function operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector;

wherein said data recovery function comprises a clock recovery function, said clock recovery function comprising;

(a) a pulse sampler, said pulse sampler operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector, said pulse sampler configured to sample said detected pulses;

(b) at least one correlator operatively coupled to said pulse sample, said correlator configured to match said detected pulses with a predetermined pattern representative of a synchronization symbol;

(c) a phase lock element operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector; and

(d) a sync predictor, said sync predictor operatively coupled to said correlator.

61. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a mask element, said mask element operatively coupled to said sync predictor, said mask element operatively coupled to said pulse sampler, said mask element operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said mask element operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector.

62. The apparatus of claim 61 wherein said clock recovery function further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said mask element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said pulse sampler, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said phase lock element.

63. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said data recovery section further comprises a phase offset detector, said phase offset detector comprising:

(a) an offset detector, said offset detector operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said offset detector operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector; and

(b) a data header predictor, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said correlator, said data header predictor operatively coupled to said offset detector.

64. The apparatus of claim 63 wherein said phase offset detector further comprises a mask element, said mask element operatively coupled to said offset detector, mask element operatively coupled to said data header predictor, said mask element operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector.

65. The apparatus of claim 64 wherein said phase offset detector further comprises a pulse stretcher, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said mask element, said pulse stretcher operatively coupled to said offset detector.

66. The apparatus of claim 63 wherein said data recovery section further comprises a data detector, said data detector comprising:

(a) a digital sampling timer circuit, said digital sampling timer circuit operatively coupled to said phase lock element, said digital sampling timer circuit operatively coupled to said offset detector;

(b) an analog-to-digital converter, said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said digital sampling timer circuit said analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to said pulse envelope detector; and

(c) a decoder, said decoder operatively coupled to said analog-to-digital converter.

67. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said pulse envelope detector further comprises a voltage comparator, said voltage comparator operatively coupled to said high pass filter and said data recovery function.

68. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said front end section comprises at least one frequency selective filter and at least one amplifier, said frequency selective filter and said amplifier operatively coupled to said antenna.

69. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said detector diode comprises a tunnel diode.

70. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein said detector diode comprises a Schottky diode.