Auxiliary thermal storage heating and air conditioning system for a motor vehicle
First Claim
1. An auxiliary heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle comprising:
- a refrigerant circulatory system having a circuitous refrigerant line and an evaporator and condenser serially disposed within the circuitous line operative to vaporize and condense a refrigerant fluid therein, respectively, one or more reactors comprising heat exchange surfaces having space therebetween containing a metal salt or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt, said metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide, said reactor in communication with the refrigerant line for delivering said refrigerant to said reactor for being absorbed and desorbed therein, a heater in thermal communication with said metal salt and said complex compound, and a multi-channel ventilation system having a blower for forcing air through the channels of the system and to the output, said channels communicating with the evaporator, the condenser, and the reactor.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
An auxiliary thermal storage heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle incorporates a reactor containing a metal salt or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide. In a preferred embodiment, the reactor contains a sorbent/substrate composition comprising a substrate material inert to the polar gas and incorporating the salt or the complex compound. One embodiment utilizes apparatus having a heat exchanger which selectively functions as an evaporator for a cooling mode and a condenser for a heating mode, and inside and outside coils for transferring system generated thermal energy. Another embodiment of the system uses a refrigerant circulatory system having a circuitous refrigerant line and an evaporator and condenser serially disposed within the circuitous line and a multi-channel ventilation system having a blower for forcing air through the channels of the system and to the output, the channels communicating with the evaporator, the condenser, and the reactor.
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Citations
113 Claims
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1. An auxiliary heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle comprising:
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a refrigerant circulatory system having a circuitous refrigerant line and an evaporator and condenser serially disposed within the circuitous line operative to vaporize and condense a refrigerant fluid therein, respectively, one or more reactors comprising heat exchange surfaces having space therebetween containing a metal salt or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt, said metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide, said reactor in communication with the refrigerant line for delivering said refrigerant to said reactor for being absorbed and desorbed therein, a heater in thermal communication with said metal salt and said complex compound, and a multi-channel ventilation system having a blower for forcing air through the channels of the system and to the output, said channels communicating with the evaporator, the condenser, and the reactor. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 57, 58, 59)
a coolant line in communication with the reactor and the vehicle engine, a heat exchanger for transferring thermal energy stored in the complex compound to the coolant line, and a fluid pump serially disposed within the coolant line for communicating coolant fluid therethrough, whereby thermal energy transferred from the complex compound to the coolant line is then circulated through the engine to preheat the engine before starting.
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58. A system of claim 57 wherein the reactor has the space between at least a portion of the heat exchange surfaces substantially filled with a sorbent/substrate composition comprising a substrate material inert to said polar gas and incorporating said salt or mixtures of two or more thereof, or said complex compound.
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59. The system of claim 58 wherein said complex compound is formed by restricting the volumetric expansion thereof during said absorption of said polar gas refrigerant on said metal salt.
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34. An auxiliary heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle comprising:
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one or more reactors comprising beat exchange surfaces having space therebetween containing a metal salt or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt, said metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide, and a heater in thermal communication with said metal salt and said complex compound, a heat exchanger for selectively operating as a condenser and an evaporator, respectively, a first heat exchange coil in heat transfer communication with the passenger area of a motor vehicle, and a second heat exchange coil for transferring thermal energy outside of the passenger area, first piping communicating with the reactor, the heat exchanger, the first heat exchange coil and the second heat exchange coil for directing heat transfer fluid therebetween, and second piping for directing refrigerant between said reactor and said heat exchanger. - View Dependent Claims (35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56)
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60. An auxiliary heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle comprising:
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a refrigerant circulatory system having a circuitous refrigerant line and an evaporator and condenser serially disposed within the circuitous line operative to vaporize and condense a refrigerant fluid therein, respectively, one or more reactors comprising heat exchange surfaces having space between at least a portion of the heat exchange surfaces substantially filled with a sorbent/substrate composition comprising a substrate material inert to said polar gas having a metal salt or mixtures of two or more thereof or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt, said metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide embedded or impregnated therein, said reactor in communication with the refrigerant line for delivering said refrigerant to said reactor for being absorbed and desorbed therein, a heater in thermal communication with said metal salt and said complex compound, and a multi-channel ventilation system having a blower for forcing air through the channels of the system and to the output, said channels communicating with the evaporator, the condenser, and the reactor. - View Dependent Claims (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91)
a coolant line in communication with the reactor and the vehicle engine, a heat exchanger for transferring thermal energy stored in the complex compound to the segment of the coolant line, and a fluid pump serially disposed within the coolant line for directing coolant fluid therethrough, whereby thermal energy transferred from the complex compound to the coolant line is then circulated through the engine to preheat the engine before starting.
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92. An auxiliary heating and air conditioning system having an output for selectively delivering warm and cool air to the passenger area of a motor vehicle comprising:
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one or more reactors comprising heat exchange surfaces having space between at least a portion of the heat exchange surfaces substantially filled with a sorbent/substrate composition comprising a substrate material inert to said polar gas having a metal salt or mixture of two or more thereof or a complex compound formed by absorbing a polar gas refrigerant on a metal salt, said metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin or aluminum, or sodium borofluoride or a double metal halide embedded or impregnated therein, and a heater in thermal communication with said metal salt and said complex compound, a heat exchanger for selectively operating as a condenser and an evaporator, respectively, a first heat exchange coil in heat transfer communication with the passenger area of a motor vehicle, and a second heat exchange coil for transferring thermal energy outside of the passenger area, first piping communicating with the reactor, the heat exchanger, the first heat exchange coil and the second heat exchange coil for directing heat transfer fluid therebetween, and second piping for directing refrigerant between said reactor and said heat exchanger. - View Dependent Claims (93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113)
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Specification