Method for rapidly making a 3-D food object

• US 6,280,784 B1
• Filed: 02/10/2000
• Issued: 08/28/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nanotek Instruments Group, LLC
• Original Assignee: Nanotek Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Liu, Junhai, Yang, Junsheng, Wu, Liangwei
• Primary Examiner(s): YEUNG, GEORGE CHAN PUI
• Application Number:
  US09/501,648
• Time in Patent Office: 565 Days
• Field of Search: 426/231, 426/512, 426/516, 425/112, 425/375, 700/118, 700/119, 700/196
• US Class Current: 426/231
• CPC Class Codes: A21C 11/163 Applying co-extrusion, i.e. extruding two or more plastic substances simultaneously, e.g. for making filled dough products; Making products from two or more different substances supplied to the extruder
• CPC Class Codes: A23P 20/20 Making of laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs, e.g. by wrapping in preformed edible dough sheets or in edible food containers
• CPC Class Codes: A23P 2020/253 Coating food items by printing onto them; Printing layers of food products
• CPC Class Codes: A23P 30/20 Extruding
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/05 Filamentary, e.g. strands
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/266 Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/106 using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 70/00 Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4099 Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49014 Calculate number and form of 2-D slices automatically from volume on screen
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49015 Wire, strang laying, deposit fluid, welding, adhesive, hardening, solidification, fuse

Abstract

A freeform fabrication method for making a three-dimensional food object from a design created on a computer, including: (a) providing a support member by which the object is supported while being constructed; (b) operating a material dispensing head for dispensing a strand of food composition in a fluent state with this food composition comprising a volatile ingredient; (c) operating a material treatment device disposed near the strand of food composition to at least partially remove the volatile ingredient for causing the food composition to achieve a rigid state in which the food composition is built up in a 3-D shape of the object; and (d) operating control devices for generating control signals in response to coordinates of the design of the object and controlling the position of the dispensing head relative to the support member in response to the control signals to control dispensing of the food composition for constructing the object while supported with the support member. The method optionally includes an additional step of removing the residual volatile ingredient from the resulting 3-D shape or applying a heat treatment to the 3-D shape upon construction of this shape.

Claims

1. A freeform fabrication method for making a three-dimensional food object from a design created on a computer, comprising:

(a) providing a support member by which said object is supported while being constructed;

(b) operating a material dispensing head for dispensing a strand of a food composition in a fluent state, said food composition comprising a volatile ingredient and a primary body-building food material;

(c) operating a material treatment means disposed a distance from said strand of food composition to remove at least a portion of said volatile ingredient for causing said food composition to achieve a rigid state in which said food composition is capable of supporting its own weight while built up in a form of said three-dimensional object; and

(d) operating control means for generating control signals in response to coordinates of said design of said object created on the computer and controlling the position of said dispensing head relative to said support member in response to said control signals to control dispensing of said food composition to construct said object while supported with said support member.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said material treatment means is selected from the group consisting of a ventilation fan, a vacuum pump, a hot air blower, a radiant heater, and combinations thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing head receives said food composition from an extrusion device selected from the group consisting of an extruder, a metering pump, a positive displacement valve, an pneumatically operated valve, a solenoid-controlled valve, and combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said control means include servo means for indexing and positioning said dispensing head relative to said support member.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said servo means provide indexing and positioning in at least two dimensions.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said support member comprises a pre-fabricated food base member onto which said 3-D food object is being deposited.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing head includes an orifice through which said strand of food composition is dispensed and controlled to have a prescribed cross-sectional profile in accordance with the object being constructed.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing head includes profile control means through which said food composition is dispensed in a generally continuous strand and by which a continuous strand profile of said strand is controlled according to the object being constructed.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein said food composition comprises a volatile ingredient selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, vinegar, and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein said food composition comprises a primary object-building food material selected from the group consisting of starch, meat, vegetable, fruit, chocolate, sugar, syrup, salt, butter, margarine, cheese, cream, and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said primary object-building food material contains wheat flour dispersed in said volatile ingredient.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein said primary object-building food material contains a starch dissolved in said volatile ingredient.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said food composition comprises a colorant.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein said dispensing head has an orifice at a generally flat bottom portion of said dispensing head and said flat bottom portion compresses down and deforms said strand of food composition when being dispensed from said orifice to produce a layer having a flat and smooth surface layer.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said food composition comprises a cooked food material.

16. The freeform fabrication method of claim 1, wherein said steps of operating a material dispensing head and operating control means comprising moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in a plane defined by first and second directions and in a third direction orthogonal to said plane to form said food composition into a three-dimensional object.

17. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said primary body-building food material composition comprises discrete particles and an edible adhesive composition which are both dispersed in said volatile ingredient;

said adhesive composition can be later activated to bond said discrete particles together.

18. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said primary body-building food material composition comprises starch dissolved in said volatile ingredient in such a manner that the molecules of said starch precipitate out cohesively to form a rigid material.

19. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said food composition includes a sol-gel material containing said volatile ingredient.

20. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said food composition includes at least two volatile ingredients.

21. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein an additional dispensing head is used to deposit a support structure for an un-supported feature of said object.

22. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said moving step includes the steps of moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in a direction parallel to said plane to form a first layer of said food composition on said support member with a portion of said volatile ingredient being removed immediately after said food composition is dispensed, moving said dispensing head and said support member away from one another in said third direction by a predetermined layer thickness distance, and dispensing a second layer of said food composition onto said first layer and removing a portion of said volatile ingredient from said food composition while simultaneously moving said dispensing head and said support member in said direction parallel to said plane, whereby said second layer adheres to said first layer.

23. The freeform fabrication method of claim 22, further including the steps of forming multiple layers of said food composition on top of one another by repeated dispensing of said food composition and at least partially removing said volatile ingredient in said dispensed food composition as said dispensing head and said support member are moved relative to one another in one direction parallel to said plane, with said dispensing head and said support member being moved away from one another in said third direction by a predetermined layer thickness after each preceding layer has been formed.

24. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, further including the steps of:

creating a geometry representation of said three-dimensional object on a computer, said

geometry representation including a plurality of segments defining said object;

generating programmed signals corresponding to each of said segments in a predetermined

sequence; and

moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in response to said programmed signals.

25. The freeform fabrication method of claim 16, wherein said moving step includes the step of moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in a direction parallel to said plane according to a first determined pattern to form an outer boundary of said food composition on said support member, said outer boundary defining an exterior surface of said object.

26. The freeform fabrication method of claim 25, wherein said outer boundary defines an interior space in said object, and said moving step further includes the step of moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in said direction parallel to said plane according to at least one other predetermined pattern to fill said interior space with said food composition.

27. The freeform fabrication method of claim 25, further including operating another dispensing head for dispensing a different food material composition, and wherein said outer boundary defines an interior space in said object, and said moving step further includes the step of moving said another dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in one direction parallel to said plane according to at least one other predetermined pattern to fill said interior space with said different food material composition.

28. The freeform fabrication method of claim 26, further comprising the steps of creating a geometry representation of said three-dimensional object on a computer, said geometry representation including a plurality of segments defining said object, and generating programmed signals corresponding to each of said segments in a predetermined sequence, wherein said programmed signals determine said movement of said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in said first predetermined pattern and said at least one other predetermined pattern.

29. The freeform fabrication method of claim 1 wherein

the steps of operating a material dispensing head including dispensing a strand of a first food composition comprising a volatile ingredient in a fluent state to a predetermined location above said support member and dispensing a second strand of a second food composition comprising a volatile ingredient in a fluent state to at least another location above said support member;

said step of operating a material treatment means including removing at least a portion of said volatile ingredient in said second food composition; and

said first and second strands of food compositions, once dispensed and with said volatile ingredients at least partially removed, rapidly reaching a physical state of a rigidity and strength sufficient for permitting said food compositions to be self-supporting while being built up layer by layer into a three-dimensional shape in a non-solid state; and

during said dispensing step, moving said dispensing head and said support member relative to one another in a plane defined by first and second directions and in a third direction orthogonal to said plane to form said first and second food compositions into a three-dimensional shape of said object.

30. The method of claim 16, further including an additional step of substantially completely removing said volatile ingredient after said object is constructed.

31. The method of claim 29, further including an additional step of substantially completely removing said volatile ingredient after said object is constructed.

32. The method of claim 16, further including additional step of applying a heat treatment to said constructed three-dimensional shape.

33. The method of claim 29, further including additional step of applying a heat treatment to said constructed three-dimensional shape.

34. The method as set forth in claim 26 wherein said interior space is deposited with a spatially controlled food composition comprising two or more distinct types of body-building food materials.

35. The method as set forth in claim 26 wherein said interior space is deposited with a food composition in continuously varying concentrations of distinct materials in three-dimensional object space to form a spatially controlled food composition object.

36. The method as set forth in claim 34 wherein said distinct types of materials are deposited at discrete locations in three-dimensional part space to form a spatially controlled food material composition object.

37. The method as set forth in claim 16, further comprising

periodically measuring dimensions of the object being built by means of dimension sensor means;

determining the thickness and outline of individual layers of said food composition deposited in accordance with a computer aided design representation of said object;

said computer being operated to calculate a first set of logical layers with specific thickness and outline for each layer and then periodically re-calculate another set of logical layers after comparing the dimension data acquired by said sensor means with said computer aided design representation in an adaptive manner.