Method and system for predicting incipient failure in a locomotive energy storage unit or energy storage unit cabling

• US 6,281,598 B1
• Filed: 06/28/1999
• Issued: 08/28/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/28/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: King, Robert Dean, Koegl, Rudolph Alfred Albert, Redinger, Kristofor Lynn
• Primary Examiner(s): Ballato, Josie
• Assistant Examiner(s): POLK, SHARON A
• Application Number:
  US09/340,827
• Time in Patent Office: 792 Days
• Field of Search: 307/9.1, 307/10.1, 362/61, 188/3.R, 188/34, 188/112.R, 105/61, 340/507, 340/511, 340/509, 340/933, 701/19, 701/29
• US Class Current: 307/10.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/00 Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells B60L58/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/12 Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/25 by controlling the electric load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

One method for predicting incipient failure includes starting an engine of a locomotive; obtaining charge current sample values of the energy storage unit during energy storage unit charging at a predetermined rate for a predetermined period of time; calculating an average value of the charge current sample values; and using the average value of the charge current sample to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit or the energy storage unit cabling. A related method includes obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit during cranking; calculating an average value of the crank voltage sample values; and using the average value of the crank voltage sample to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit or the energy storage unit cabling.

Claims

1. A method for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the method comprising:

obtaining charge current sample values of the energy storage unit during energy storage unit charging at a predetermined rate for a predetermined period of time;

calculating an average value of the charge current sample values; and

using the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein using the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit includes comparing the average value of the charge current sample values with at least one predetermined threshold value.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein using the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit includes trending successive average values of the charge current sample values.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined rate comprises a sampling rate of about 1 Hz.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the predetermined period of time comprises about 10 seconds.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the incipient failure is predicted in a locomotive, and, further including, prior to obtaining charge current sample values of the energy storage unit during energy storage unit charging at a predetermined rate for a predetermined period of time, starting an engine of the locomotive.

7. A method for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the method comprising:

obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit during loading of the energy storage unit;

calculating an average value of the crank voltage sample values; and

using the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein using the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit includes comparing the average value of the crank voltage sample values with at least one predetermined value.

9. The method of claim 7 further including obtaining at least one ambient temperature sample value during loading and using the at least one ambient temperature sample value to adjust the crank voltage sample values.

10. The method of claim 7 wherein using the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit includes calculating a standard deviation of the crank voltage sample values and trending the average value and the standard deviation of the crank voltage sample values over a number of loading sequences for failure prediction.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein trending the average value and the standard deviation of the crank voltage sample values includes using regression analysis.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein the incipient failure is predicted in a locomotive and wherein obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit during loading of the energy storage unit comprises obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit during cranking of an engine of the locomotive.

13. A method for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the method comprising:

prior to energizing, obtaining pre-energized current sample values and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit;

calculating average values of the pre-energized current sample values and the pre-energized voltage sample values;

while energizing, obtaining energized current sample values and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit;

calculating average values of the energized current sample values and the energized voltage sample values;

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized current sample values from the average value of the energized current sample values to calculate a delta current value;

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized voltage sample values from the average value of the energized voltage sample values to calculate a delta voltage value;

dividing the delta voltage value by the delta current value to calculate an effective impedance; and

using the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein using the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit comprises comparing the effective impedance with a predetermined maximum impedance.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein using the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit comprises obtaining and trending successive values of the effective impedance.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein energizing comprises cranking an engine of a locomotive or jogging the locomotive.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein the energy storage unit includes at least two individual energy storage units and further including,

during energizing, obtaining individual voltage sample values of each of the at least two energy storage units and calculating individual average values of the individual voltage sample values; and

using the individual voltage sample values to determine a location of a predicted incipient failure.

18. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

a current sensor for obtaining charge current sample values of the energy storage unit; and

a controller for

collecting the charge current sample values during energy storage unit charging at a predetermined rate for a predetermined period of time,

calculating an average value of the charge current sample values, and

using the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the controller uses the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by comparing the average value of the charge current sample values with at least one predetermined threshold value.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the controller uses the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by trending successive average values of the charge current sample values.

21. The method of claim 18 wherein the incipient failure is predicted in a locomotive.

22. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

a voltage sensor for obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit; and

a controller for

collecting the crank voltage sample values during loading of the energy storage unit,

calculating an average value of the crank voltage sample values, and

using the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein the controller uses the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by comparing the average value of the crank voltage sample values with at least one predetermined value.

24. The system of claim 22 further including an ambient temperature sensor for obtaining ambient temperature sample values, and wherein the controller is adapted to collect at least one ambient temperature sample value during loading and use the at least one ambient temperature sample value to adjust the crank voltage sample values.

25. The system of claim 22 wherein the controller uses the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by calculating a standard deviation of the crank voltage sample values and trending the average value and the standard deviation of the crank voltage sample values over a number of loading sequences for failure prediction.

26. The method of claim 22 wherein the incipient failure is predicted in a locomotive and wherein the controller is adapted for collecting the crank voltage sample values during cranking of an engine of the locomotive.

27. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

a current sensor for sensing current sample values of the energy storage unit;

a voltage sensor for sensing voltage sample values of the energy storage unit; and

a controller for

obtaining pre-energized current sample and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit from the current and voltage sensors,

calculating average values of the pre-energized current sample values and the pre-energized voltage sample values,

obtaining energized current sample and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit from the current and voltage sensors,

calculating average values of the energized current sample values and the energized voltage sample values,

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized current sample values from the average value of the energized current sample values to calculate a delta current value,

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized voltage sample values from the average value of the energized voltage sample values to calculate a delta voltage value,

dividing the delta voltage value by the delta current value to calculate an effective impedance, and

using the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein the controller uses the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by comparing the effective impedance with a predetermined maximum impedance.

29. The system of claim 27 wherein the controller uses the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit by obtaining and trending successive values of the effective impedance.

30. The system of claim 27 wherein the energy storage unit includes at least two individual energy storage units and the voltage sensor comprises a collective voltage sensor and further including,

at least two individual voltage sensors for obtaining respective individual voltage sample values of each of the at least two energy storage units,

wherein the controller is adapted to obtain individual energized voltage sample values of each of the at least two energy storage units, calculate individual average values of the individual voltage sample values, and using the individual voltage sample values to determine a location of a predicted incipient failure.

31. The method of claim 27 wherein the incipient failure is predicted in a locomotive.

32. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

means for obtaining charge current sample values of the energy storage unit; and

means for collecting the charge current sample values during energy storage unit charging at a predetermined rate of about one Hz for a predetermined period of time of about ten seconds, calculating an average value of the charge current sample values, and for using the average value of the charge current sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

33. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

means for obtaining crank voltage sample values of the energy storage unit;

means for obtaining at least one ambient temperature sample value of the energy storage unit; and

means for collecting the at least one ambient temperature sample value and the crank voltage sample values during loading of the energy storage unit, using the at least one ambient temperature sample value to adjust the crank voltage sample values, and calculating an average value of the crank voltage sample values, and using the average value of the crank voltage sample values to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

34. A system for predicting incipient failure in an energy storage unit, the system comprising:

means for determining current sample values of the energy storage unit;

means for determining voltage sample values of the energy storage unit; and

controller means for

obtaining pre-energized current sample and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit from the current and voltage sensors,

calculating average values of the pre-energized current sample values and the pre-energized voltage sample values,

obtaining energized current sample and voltage sample values of the energy storage unit from the current and voltage sensors,

calculating average values of the energized current sample values and the energized voltage sample values,

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized current sample values from the average value of the energized current sample values to calculate a delta current value,

subtracting the average value of the pre-energized voltage sample values from the average value of the energized voltage sample values to calculate a delta voltage value,

dividing the delta voltage value by the delta current value to calculate an effective impedance, and

using the effective impedance to predict incipient failure in the energy storage unit.

35. The system of claim 34 wherein the energy storage unit includes at least two individual energy storage units, and further including means for obtaining respective individual voltage sample values of each of the at least two energy storage units, wherein the controller means is adapted to obtain individual energized voltage sample values of each of the at least two energy storage units, calculate individual average values of the individual voltage sample values, and using the individual voltage sample values to determine a location of a predicted incipient failure.