PSTN fallback using dial on demand routing scheme

• US 6,282,192 B1
• Filed: 05/09/2000
• Issued: 08/28/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 01/27/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Murphy, James, Umansky, Ilya
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Chau
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRINH, DUNG N
• Application Number:
  US09/568,491
• Time in Patent Office: 476 Days
• Field of Search: 370/352, 370/356, 370/354, 370/355, 370/401, 370/238, 370/465, 370/435
• US Class Current: 370/352
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/5692 Selection among different networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/6418 Hybrid transport
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/6472 Internet
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/6481 Speech, voice
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/00 Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks routing or path finding in wireless networks H04W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/22 Alternate routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/11 Identifying congestion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/122 by diverting traffic away from congested entities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/15 in relation to multipoint traffic arrangements for broadcast or multicast in data networks H04L12/18
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/2416 Real-time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/70 Admission control; Resource allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/724 at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/745 Reaction in network
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/762 triggered by the network
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/801 Real time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/805 QOS or priority aware
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/822 Collecting or measuring resource availability data
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/826 Involving periods of time
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/829 Topology based
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/14 Multichannel or multilink protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 : Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 7/0057 : Services where the data services network provides a telephone service in addition or as an alternative, e.g. for backup purposes, to the telephone service provided by the telephone services network
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13034 : A/D conversion, code compression/expansion
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13093 : Personal computer, PC
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13167 : Redundant apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13201 : Change-over of service during connection
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13296 : Packet switching, X.25, frame relay
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2213/13389 : LAN, internet
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 3/0045 : involving hybrid, i.e. a mixture of public and private, or multi-vendor systems

Abstract

A call fallback scheme is provided in a packet switched network. After receiving incoming calls, a Voice over IP (VoIP) link is established over a packet switched network with a destination endpoint. VoIP packets are generated from the incoming calls and sent over the VoIP link to the destination endpoint. When a low quality of service condition is detected on the VoIP link with the destination endpoint, a fallback call is established with the destination endpoint over a circuit switched network. The VoIP packets for the incoming calls are redirected from the VoIP link to the circuit switched data link. As opposed to simply hairpinning a TDM voice call back over the PSTN network 102, the same VoIP packets for the incoming calls originally destine for the destination endpoint over the packet switched network are rerouted through the fallback call. This simplifies synchronization with VoIP packets sent over the VoIP network. Because VoIP packets for more than one call can be sent over the fallback call, the cost of maintaining the fallback call is also substantially reduced.

Claims

1. A method for call fallback in a packet switched network, comprising:

receiving incoming calls;

establishing a Voice over IP (VoIP) link over the packet switched network with a destination endpoint;

generating audio packets from the incoming calls and sending the audio packets over the VoIP link to the destination endpoint;

identifying a low quality of service condition on the VoIP link;

establishing a fallback data link to the destination endpoint over a circuit switched network when the low quality of service condition is identified;

identifying incoming calls having a destination address associated with the destination endpoint during the poor quality of service condition;

redirecting VoIP packets for the identified incoming calls from the VoIP link to the fallback data link;

establishing another fallback data link over the circuit switched network to a different destination endpoint when there is insufficient bandwidth on the already established fallback data link; and

conducting a multilink point to point protocol session using both fallback data links established over the different destination endpoints.

2. A method according to claim 1 including:

directing the audio packets for the identified incoming calls over both the VoIP link and the fallback data link;

detecting a silence period in the VoIP link; and

switching from outputting the VoIP packets from the VoIP link to outputting the VoIP packets from the fallback data link when the silence period is detected.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the fallback data link is a ISDN channel in a PSTN network and the audio packets are sent as a bit stream over the ISDN channel.

4. A method according to claim 1 including:

identifying the low quality of service condition;

requesting allocation of bandwidth on the fallback data link for one of the incoming calls; and

redirecting packets for the incoming call to the fallback data link when bandwidth has been allocated.

5. A method according to claim 1 including:

establishing one fallback data link on a first network processing node and establishing another fallback data link on a second network processing node;

establishing the fallback data links as a multilink bundle; and

conducting a multilink multichassis protocol session with the multilink bundle on the different network processing nodes by forwarding the audio packets received on the second network processing node to the first network processing node.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the fallback data link is not advertised to any other network processing node in the packet switched network other than the destination endpoint.

7. A method according to claim 1 including:

detecting when the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the packet switched network;

starting a drop call timer; and

bleeding audio packets from one of the incoming calls from the fallback data link back to the VoIP link when the drop call timer expires.

8. A method according to claim 7 including:

repeatedly bleeding audio packets for other incoming calls from the fallback data link to the VoIP link by first waiting for the call timer to expire and then verifying that the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP link;

repeatedly bleeding audio packets for all remaining incoming calls from the fallback data link to the VoIP link as long as the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP link;

starting a drop link timer when all incoming calls have been bled from the fallback data link; and

terminating the fallback data link when the drop link timer expires and the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP link.

9. A method according to claim 1 including identifying incoming calls associated with the low quality of service condition according to Global Unique Identifiers (GUIDs) in the audio packets generated from the incoming calls.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the low quality of service condition is detected using a RSVP, RTCP or probing protocol.

11. A VoIP gateway, comprising:

a telephony interface for receiving an incoming voice call;

a VoIP interface for encoding the incoming voice call into VoIP packets; and

sending the VoIP packets over a VoIP network; and

a controller that establishes a fallback call with an endpoint over a circuit switched network and then redirects the VoIP packets from the VoIP network over the fallback call;

a voice activation device that detects silence periods in the incoming voice call; and

a switch that switches an active channel from outputting VoIP packets received over the VoIP network to outputting VoIP packets received over the fallback call when the silence period is detected.

12. A VoIP gateway according to claim 11 wherein the controller includes a congestion detector that monitors quality of service conditions for an IP address associated with the endpoint and redirects the VoIP packets to the fallback call when a low quality of service condition is detected by the congestion detector.

13. A VoIP gateway according to claim 12 includes a call table used by the congestion detector to monitor how many incoming voice calls are redirected to the fallback call.

14. A VoIP gateway according to claim 12 wherein the congestion detector periodically sends packet probes to the IP address and compares the packet probes with previously sent packet probes to determine the quality of service for the VoIP network.

15. A VoIP gateway according to claim 11 wherein the controller includes a Dialing on Demand Routing (DDR) interface that establishes the fallback call over an ISDN channel on the circuit switched network and redirect a bitstream representing the VoIP packets over the ISDN channel.

16. A VoIP gateway according to claim 15 including a dialer table used by the DDR interface to identify and call a phone number associated with the IP address of the endpoint.

17. A VoIP gateway according to claim 15 wherein the DDR interface establishes another fallback call to another endpoint over another ISDN channel when there is insufficient bandwidth on the existing ISDN channel for transmitting audio packets for additional incoming calls, the DDR interface then conducting a multilink session with the different endpoints where one of the endpoints forwards the audio packets from one of the established fallback calls to the other endpoint.

18. A VoIP gateway according to claim 11 including:

a drop call timer for waiting a predetermined amount of time before bleeding incoming calls from the fallback call back to the VoIP network after the low quality of service condition ends; and

a drop link timer for waiting a predetermined amount of time after all calls have been bled from the fallback call before terminating the fallback call.

19. An electronic storage medium for storing software for controlling calls in a network processing device, including:

code for detecting an incoming call;

code for monitoring quality of service of a VoIP call that transmits VoIP packets containing audio for the incoming call;

code for initiating a fallback call over a circuit switched network to a destination endpoint when a low quality of service condition is detected on the VoIP call;

code for redirecting the VoIP packets from the VoIP call to the fallback call during the low quality of service condition;

code for establishing another fallback call over the circuit switched network to a different destination endpoint when there is insufficient bandwidth on the already established fallback call; and

code for conducting a multilink point to point protocol session using both fallback calls established over the different destination endpoints.

20. An electronic storage medium according to claim 19 including:

code for directing the VoIP packets for the detected incoming call over both the VoIP call and the fallback call;

code for detecting a silence period in the VoIP packets; and

code for switching from using the VoIP packets from the VoIP call to using the VoIP packets from the fallback call when the silence period is detected.

21. An electronic storage medium according to claim 20 wherein the return characteristics include return time and number of dropped probe packets.

22. An electronic storage medium according to claim 19 including:

code for identifying an IP address associated with a new incoming call;

code for identifying when the IP address is associated with a congested VoIP call;

code for tracking the number of calls currently redirected from the VoIP call to the fallback call; and

code that redirects the new incoming call from the VoIP call to the fallback call according to the number of incoming calls currently redirected to the fallback call.

23. An electronic storage medium according to claim 19 including:

code for initiating another fallback call over the circuit switched network when there is insufficient bandwidth on the existing fallback call for handling additional incoming calls; and

code for treating the multiple fallback links as a multilink point to point bundle.

24. An electronic storage medium according to claim 19 including:

code for matching an IP address associated with the low quality of service condition with a phone number in a dialer table;

code for automatically dialing up a network processing device at a phone number in the dialer table that matches the IP address; and

code for establishing the fallback call with the dialed up network processing device.

25. An electronic storage medium according to claim 19 including:

code for identifying when the congestion condition ends on the VoIP call;

code for waiting a period of time after the end of the congestion condition; and

code for redirecting new incoming calls to the VoIP call when the congestion condition no longer exists after the period of time.

26. An electronic storage medium according to claim 25 including:

code for bleeding off one by one the incoming calls currently on the fallback call back to the VoIP call;

code for clocking a drop call wait period after each bleed off and then reverifying that the VoIP call no longer exhibits the low quality of service condition;

code for repeatedly bleeding off the incoming calls from the fallback call back to the VoIP call until no incoming calls remain on the fallback call;

code for clocking a fallback call disconnect time period after all the incoming calls have been bled off the fallback calls; and

code for disconnecting the fallback call after the fallback call disconnect time period has expired, the VoIP call no longer exhibits a low quality of service condition and no incoming calls have been reestablished on the fallback call.

27. An apparatus for controlling calls in a network processing device, including:

means for detecting incoming calls;

means for monitoring quality of service of VoIP calls that transmit VoIP packets containing audio for the incoming calls;

means for initiating a fallback call over a circuit switched network when a low quality of service condition is detected on one or more of the VoIP calls;

means for redirecting the VoIP packets from one or more of the VoIP calls to the fallback call during the low quality of service condition;

means for detecting when the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP calls;

means for starting a drop call timer;

means for bleeding VoIP packets from the incoming calls from the fallback call back to the VoIP calls when the drop call timer expires;

means for repeatedly bleeding VoIP packets for other incoming calls from the fallback call to the VoIP calls by first waiting for the call timer to expire and then verifying that the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP calls;

means for repeatedly bleeding VoIP packets for all remaining incoming calls from the fallback call to the VoIP calls as long as the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP calls;

means for starting a drop link timer when all incoming calls have been bled from the fallback call; and

means for terminating the fallback call when the drop link timer expires and the low quality of service condition no longer exists on the VoIP calls.