Patient monitor

• US 6,287,252 B1
• Filed: 06/30/1999
• Issued: 09/11/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Monitrak, Inc.
• Inventors: Lugo, Michael V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lacyk, John P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MARMOR II, CHARLES ALAN
• Application Number:
  US09/343,320
• Time in Patent Office: 804 Days
• Field of Search: 600/300, 600/301, 600/481, 600/508, 600/545, 600/529, 128/903, 128/904
• US Class Current: 600/300
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0285 Apparatus for single use
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0412 Low-profile patch shaped housings
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/166 the sensor is mounted on a specially adapted printed circuit board
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02055 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels A61B5/0205 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1112 Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6833 Adhesive patches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7465 Arrangements for interactive communication between patient and care services, e.g. by using a telephone network telemetry of measured physiological signal A61B5/0002
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 80/00 ICT specially adapted for facilitating communication between medical practitioners or patients, e.g. for collaborative diagnosis, therapy or health monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/903 Radio telemetry

Abstract

An apparatus for monitoring physiological data generated by sensors disposed on or in a patient. The apparatus includes an interface operable to receive data signals generated by the sensors and a data processor coupled to the interface and operable to format data signals received from the interface into one or more frames of data where each frame includes a transmitter identifier that is unique to the apparatus. A transmitter is included that is operable to receive the frames from the data processor and broadcast the frames using radio frequency signals to a local receiver located in close proximity to the patient. A patch is adhesively attached to the patient and has a first surface on which the interface, data processor and transmitter are disposed.

Claims

1. An apparatus for monitoring physiological data generated by a plurality of sensors disposed on or in a patient, the apparatus comprising:

an interface operable to receive data signals generated by the plurality of sensors;

a data processor coupled to the interface and operable to format data signals received from the interface into one or more frames of data, the data processor operable to generate a transmitter identifier based on sensor data received from one or more of the plurality of sensors, the data processor operable to format frames where each frame includes the transmitter identifier that is unique to the apparatus;

a transmitter operable to receive the frames from the data processor and broadcast the frames using radio frequency signals to a local receiver located in close proximity to the patient; and

a patch adapted to be attached to the patient and having a first surface on which the interface, data processor and transmitter are disposed.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patch is attached using an adhesive.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface includes a connector and a power interlock, the connector coupling lead wires from the sensors to the apparatus and the power interlock operable to disable the apparatus when the connector is mismated.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus is configurable into two or more modes, and where the connector includes one or more pins for designating a mode of operation for the apparatus where the mode of operation is selected from a continuous transmit mode and an intermittent transmit mode.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the interface includes three pins configurable to select the mode of operation for the apparatus, where the apparatus includes means for detecting a short circuit condition across a pair of the three pins and setting a mode identifier for the apparatus based on which pair of pins is identified as being shorted, and where the shorted pair provides the power interlock.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is a coil of a transformer that is operable to induce data signals for the frames from the transmitter to a complementary coil in the local receiver located in close proximity to the patient.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitter identifier is derived from a pseudo-random number produced by the apparatus.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the transmitter identifier is derived from data samples from one or more sensors.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

signal conditioning means coupled between the interface and the data processor and operable to condition data signals received from the sensors prior to processing by the data processor.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an adhesive is applied to the first surface of the patch such that the first surface is adjacent to and fixedly attached to the skin of the patient.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patch includes a second surface opposite the first surface and where the second surface is adapted to be adjacent to and fixedly attached to the skin of the patient.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the data processor includes a controller for selectively processing a subset of the frames and configured to only pass the subset of frames to the transmitter for transmission to the local receiver.

13. An apparatus for monitoring physiological data generated by sensors disposed on or in a patient, the sensor data aggregated and transmitted as frames of data from a transmitting device located on or in the patient, the apparatus comprising:

a portable communications module in proximity to the sensors and including

a receiver operable to receive radio frequency signals including data frames representative of the physiological data, the data frames including a unique transmitter identifier for identifying a particular transmitting device;

a detector for deciphering frames of data received by the receiver and rejecting frames from other devices in close proximity to the apparatus, the detector including a screening engine for initializing communications with the transmitting device and operable to process frames received during an initialization period including store the unique transmitter identifier associated with the transmitting device, the screening engine operable after the initialization period to compare a transmitter identifier received with each frame with the stored unique transmitter identifier and reject received frames whose transmitter identifier does not match the stored unique transmitter identifier,

a controller operable to compare data values for signals generated by the sensors with predetermined alarm functions and generate frames of data for transmission to a central monitoring station if an alarm is triggered,

a location sensor for determining the location of the portable communications module, and

a transmitter module operable to, upon the detection of the alarm, initiate a communication link between the portable communications module and the central monitoring station, transmit physiological and location data and open a voice communication link between the central monitoring station and the patient.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the receiver is one coil of a transformer, and where data signals are induced on the one coil from an associated coil in close proximity to the sensors.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the location sensor is a global positioning receiver.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the transmitter module includes a cellular telephone.

17. A patient monitoring system for monitoring physiological signals generated by a plurality of sensors disposed on or in a patient, the patient monitoring system comprising:

a patch including an interface, a data processor, a transmitter and an adhesive patch,

the interface coupling signals generated by the plurality of sensors to the data processor,

the data processor operable to

format data signals received into one or more frames of data,

generate a unique transmitter identifier based on sensor data received from one or more of the plurality of sensors including generating a pseudo-random number, accumulating data for a time period whose length is based on the pseudo-random number and deriving the unique transmitter identifier from the accumulated data, and

format frames where each frame includes the unique transmitter identifier,

the transmitter operable to receive the frames from the data processor and broadcast the frames using radio frequency signals, and

where the adhesive patch is adapted to be adhesively attached to the patient and having a first surface on which the interface, data processor and transmitter are disposed;

a portable communications module in proximity to the patch, the portable communications module including

a detector for deciphering frames of data received from a patch,

a screening engine for screening communications transmitted by other patches, the screening engine operable to initialize communications with the transmitter and to process frames received during an initialization period including store the unique transmitter identifier associated with the transmitter, the screening engine operable after the initialization period to compare a transmitter identifier received with each frame with the stored unique transmitter identifier and reject received frames whose transmitter identifier does not match the stored unique transmitter identifier,

a controller operable to compare data values for signals generated by the sensors with predetermined alarm functions and generate frames of data for transmission to a central monitoring station if an alarm is triggered,

a location sensor for determining the location of the communications module, and

a communications module operable to, upon the detection of the alarm, initiate a communication link between the portable communications monitor and the central monitoring station, transmit physiological and location data and open a voice communication link between the central monitoring station and the patient.

18. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the patient monitoring system is configurable into two or more modes, and where the interface includes one or more pins for designating a mode of operation for the patient monitoring system where the mode of operation is selected from a continuous transmit mode and an intermittent transmit mode.

19. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter is a first coil of a transformer and where a second complementary coil of the transformer is included in the detector and where the transmitter is operable to induce data signals for the frames from the first coil to the complementary second coil in the portable communications module.

20. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter identifier is derived from a pseudo-random number produced by the patient monitoring system from data samples received at the patch.

21. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the first surface of the patch includes an adhesive such that the first surface is adapted to be adjacent to and fixedly attached to the skin of the patient.

22. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the patch includes a second surface opposite the first surface and where the second surface is adapted to be adjacent to and fixedly attached to the skin of the patient.

23. The patient monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the data processor includes a controller for selectively processing a subset of the frames and configured to only pass the subset of frames to the transmitter for transmission to the portable communications module.