Laminated assembly for active bioelectronic devices

• US 6,287,517 B1
• Filed: 12/04/1996
• Issued: 09/11/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/01/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gamida for Life B.V., Nanogen, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.
• Inventors: Jackson, Thomas R., Ackley, Donald E., Sheldon, Edward L. III
• Primary Examiner(s): Marschel, Ardin H.
• Application Number:
  US08/753,962
• Time in Patent Office: 1,742 Days
• Field of Search: 422/50, 422/68.1, 422/82.01, 435/5, 435/6, 435/810, 435/7.1, 435/283.1, 435/285.2, 435/287.1, 435/287.2, 435/287.7, 435/287.8, 436/501, 536/22.1, 935/77, 935/78
• US Class Current: 422/68.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0046 Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays synthesis methods per se C40B50/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00315 Microtiter plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00317 Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00527 Sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00585 Parallel processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0059 Sequential processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00596 Solid-phase processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00605 the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0061 The surface being organic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00612 the surface being inorganic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00614 Delimitation of the attachment areas
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00617 by chemical means
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00621 by physical means, e.g. trenches, raised areas
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00626 Covalent
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00637 by coating it with another layer
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00653 the compounds being bound to electrodes embedded in or on the solid supports
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00659 Two-dimensional arrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00686 Automatic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00689 using computers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00702 : Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00713 : Electrochemical synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0072 : Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00722 : Nucleotides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00725 : Peptides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00731 : Saccharides
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0647 : Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/0684 : Venting, avoiding backpressure, avoid gas bubbles
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0636 : Integrated biosensor, microarrays
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 : Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 : Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0877 : Flow chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0887 : Laminated structure
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0415 : electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0421 : electrophoretic flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0424 : Dielectrophoretic forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0475 : specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502707 : characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components by shaping or joining plastic parts B29C59/00, B29C65/00; by laminating B32B37/00; manufacture of microstructural devices in general B81C
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502723 : characterised by venting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50273 : characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids micropumps F04B19/006, of the membrane type F04B43/043
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502738 : characterised by integrated valves microvalves F16K99/0001
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502753 : characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation separation in general B01D; microapparatus for analysis using electrophoresis G01N27/44791; sample preparation G01N1/28
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502761 : specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules investigating characteristics of particles G01N15/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5085 : for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/52 : with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples amplification or hybridisation processes per se C12Q1/68; controlling sequential reactions for synthesis B01J19/0046
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 : Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 : Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: C07B 2200/11 : Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
• CPC Class Codes: C07H 21/00 : Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/04 : on carriers C07K1/003, C07K1/006 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/045 : using devices to improve synthesis, e.g. reactors, special vessels
• CPC Class Codes: C07K 1/047 : Simultaneous synthesis of different peptide species; Peptide libraries
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6813 : Hybridisation assays
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6816 : characterised by the detection means C12Q1/6804 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6825 : Nucleic acid detection involving sensors
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6837 : using probe arrays or probe chips C12Q1/6874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/515 : characterised by the interaction between or sequential use of two or more arrays
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/607 : being a sensor, e.g. electrode
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/06 : Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/10 : Libraries containing peptides or polypeptides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 40/12 : Libraries containing saccharides or polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C40B 60/14 : for creating libraries
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 19/006 : Micropumps F04B43/043 and F04B43/095 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/44743 : Introducing samples
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0014 : comprising cells based on organic memory material
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/0019 : comprising bio-molecules
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 13/04 : using optical elements ; using other beam accessed elements, e.g. electron or ion beam
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 19/00 : Digital stores in which the information is moved stepwise, e.g. shift registers
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 25/50 : Multistep manufacturing processes of assemblies consisting of devices, each device being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00 or H01L29/00 H01L21/50 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 : Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 : Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Abstract

Methods of manufacture and devices for performing active biological operations utilize laminated structures. In the preferred embodiment, a first planar sample support includes at least one sample through hole, a planar electrode is disposed adjacent the first planar sample support, and includes an electrode through region, a second planar support includes a vent through hole, the planar electrode being in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support, further characterized in that the sample through hole, electrode through hole and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement. Preferably, some or all of the through holes, through regions and vent through holes are aligned. In one embodiment, the lateral dimension of the vent through hole is larger than the lateral dimension of the electrode through hole. In an alternative embodiment, the lateral dimension of the sample through hole is larger than the lateral dimension of the vent through hole.

Claims

1. A laminated device for performing active biological operations on a sample comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the sample through hole having a first lateral dimension, the sample through hole being adapted to receive a sample support material,

a planar electrode adjacent the first planar sample support, including an electrode through region,

a second planar support including a vent through hole, the vent through hole having a lateral dimension,

characterized in that the planar electrode is in laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and in that the sample through hole, electrode through hole and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement, the vent hole includes a lateral width defined by the shortest lateral dimension of the vent hole, and the sample through hole including a lateral width defined by the shortest lateral dimension of the sample through hole, and wherein the lateral width of the sample through hole is different from the lateral width of the vent through hole.

2. The laminated device of claim 1 for performing active biological operations wherein the lateral width of the sample through hole is larger than the lateral width of the vent through hole.

3. The laminated device of claim 2 wherein the planar electrode is disposed toward a permeation layer adapted to receive a sample.

4. The laminated device of claim 1 for performing active biological operations wherein the lateral width of the sample through hole is less than the lateral width of the vent through hole.

5. The laminated device of claim 4 for performing active biological operations further including a permeation layer disposed within the sample through hole, electrode through region and at least a portion of the vent through hole so as to provide a permeation layer located in part beneath the electrode and within the vent region.

6. The laminated device for performing active biological operations of claim 1 further including sample support material.

7. The laminated device for performing active biological operations of claim 6 wherein the sample support material is a permeation material.

8. The laminated device for performing active biological operations of claim 6 wherein the sample support material is within at least the sample through hole and a portion of the vent through hole.

9. The laminated device for performing active biological operations of claim 6 wherein the sample support material is disposed within the sample through hole, the electrode through region and the vent through hole.

10. The device for performing active biological operations of claim 1 wherein the second planar support is formed from polyamide.

11. The device for performing active biological operations of claim 1 wherein the second planar support is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polystyrene and polycarbonate.

12. A multilayer device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device adapted to receive the sample on a sample surface of the device, comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least a sample through hole, the sample through hole being adapted to receive a sample support material, the sample support material providing at least a portion of said sample surface,

a first planar electrode adjacent the first planar sample support, including an electrode through region, the first planar electrode being at a first distance from the sample surface,

a second planar electrode, including an electrode through region, the second planar electrode being at a distance from the sample surface which is greater than that of the first planar electrode, and

an intervening planar support layer located between the respective first and second planar electrodes, the respective first and second planar electrodes being horizontally spaced from each other.

13. The laminated device of claim 12 for performing active biological operations wherein the first planar electrode and second planar electrode are disposed adjacent opposite faces of the intervening planar support.

14. The multilayer device for performing active biological operations on a sample of claim 12 further including sample support material.

15. The multilayer device for performing active biological operations on a sample of claim 14 wherein the sample support material is a permeation material.

16. The multilayer device for performing active biological operations on a sample of claim 14 wherein the sample support material is disposed at least in the sample through hole and a portion of the vent through hole.

17. The multilayer device for performing active biological operations on a sample of claim 14 wherein the sample support material is disposed within the sample through hole, the electrode through region and the electrode through region of the second planar electrode.

18. A device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the hole being adapted to receive permeation material, the first planar sample support being formed from polyimide;

a planar electrode adjacent to the first planar sample support including an electrode through region; and

a second planar support including a vent through hole, wherein the planar electrode is in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and wherein the sample through hole, electrode through region and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement.

19. A device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the hole being adapted to receive permeation material, the first planar sample support being formed from a material selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polystyrene, and polycarbonate;

a planar electrode adjacent to the first planar sample support including an electrode through region; and

a second planar support including a vent through hole, wherein the planar electrode is in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and wherein the sample through hole, electrode through region and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement.

20. A device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the hole being adapted to receive permeation material;

a planar electrode adjacent to the first planar sample support including an electrode through region;

a second planar support including a vent through hole, wherein the planar electrode is in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and wherein the sample through hole, electrode through region and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement; and

at least a third planar support layer disposed adjacent to the second planar support.

21. A device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the same hole being adapted to receive permeation material;

a planar electrode adjacent to the first planar sample support including an electrode through region;

a second planar support including a vent through hole, wherein the planar electrode is in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and wherein the sample through hole, electrode through region and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement; and

chip-on flex circuitry in operative contact with the active biological device.

22. A device for performing active biological operations on a sample, the device comprising:

a first planar sample support including at least one sample through hole, the same hole being adapted to receive permeation material;

a planar electrode adjacent to the first planar sample support including an electrode through region wherein the electrode is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of type III gold, nichrome, stainless steel, platinum, nickel, and indium tin oxide; and

a second planar support including a vent through hole, wherein the planar electrode is in a laminated relationship between the first planar sample support and the second planar support and wherein the sample through hole, electrode through region and vent through hole are in overlapping arrangement.