Drive compensation circuit for synchronous rectifier and method of operating the same

• US 6,288,920 B1
• Filed: 07/17/2000
• Issued: 09/11/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: ABB Power Electronics Inc. (ABB Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Allen F. Rozman, Mark E. Jacobs
• Inventors: Rozman, Allen F., Jacobs, Mark E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Vu, Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US09/617,618
• Time in Patent Office: 421 Days
• Field of Search: 363/78, 363/80, 363/81, 363/82, 363/84, 363/89, 363/90, 363/127, 363/125
• US Class Current: 363/127
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

For use with a synchronous rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer and having a rectifier switch, a circuit for, and method of driving the rectifier switch and a power converter employing the circuit or the method. In one aspect of the present invention wherein the synchronous rectifier has at least first and second rectifier switches, the circuit includes: (1) a series-coupled drive winding and capacitor, coupled between a first control terminal of the first rectifier switch and a second control terminal of the second rectifier switch, that generates first and second drive signals and delivers the first and second drive signals to the first and second control terminals, respectively, and (2) first and second clamps, coupled to the first and second control terminals, respectively, that control first and second capacitive charges within the first and second rectifier switches to limit voltage excursions of the first and second drive signals.

Claims

1. For use with a synchronous rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer and having at least first and second rectifier switches, a circuit for driving said first and second rectifier switches, comprising:

a series-coupled drive winding and capacitor, coupled between a first control terminal of said first rectifier switch and a second control terminal of said second rectifier switch, that generates first and second drive signals and delivers said first and second drive signals to said first and second control terminals, respectively; and

first and second clamps, coupled to said first and second control terminals, respectively, that control first and second capacitive charges within said first and second rectifier switches to limit voltage excursions of said first and second drive signals.

2. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to said transformer.

3. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to an auxiliary transformer.

4. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a diode.

5. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a resistor.

6. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a transistor.

7. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second rectifier switches are selected from the group consisting of:

a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and a gallium-arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

8. The circuit as recited in claim 1 wherein said capacitor substantially equalizes said first and second drive signals.

9. The circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising an auxiliary capacitor coupled to one of said first and second control terminals to substantially equalize said first and second drive signals.

10. The circuit as recited in claim 1 further comprising a resistor series coupled to said drive winding and capacitor.

11. For use with a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer and having at least a rectifier switch and a rectifying device, a circuit for driving said rectifier switch, comprising:

a series-coupled drive winding and capacitor, coupled to a control terminal of said rectifier switch, that generates a drive signal and delivers said drive signal to said control terminal; and

a clamp, coupled to said control terminal, that controls a capacitive charge within said rectifier switch to limit a voltage excursion of said drive signal.

12. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said series-coupled drive winding and capacitor is coupled between said control terminal and a second terminal of said rectifier switch.

13. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to said transformer.

14. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to an auxiliary transformer.

15. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said clamp comprises a diode.

16. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said clamp comprises a resistor.

17. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said clamp comprises a transistor.

18. The circuit as recited in claim 11 wherein said rectifier switch is selected from the group consisting of

a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and a gallium-arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

19. The circuit as recited in claim 11 further comprising a resistor series coupled to said drive winding and capacitor.

20. For use with a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer and having a rectifier switch, a method of driving said rectifier switch, comprising:

generating a drive signal with a series-coupled drive winding and capacitor coupled to a control terminal of said rectifier switch;

delivering said drive signal to said control terminal; and

controlling a capacitive charge within said rectifier switch with a clamp to limit a voltage excursion of said drive signal.

21. The method as recited in claim 20 further comprising magnetically coupling said drive winding to said transformer.

22. The method as recited in claim 20 further comprising magnetically coupling said drive winding to an auxiliary transformer.

23. The method as recited in claim 20 wherein said clamp comprises a diode.

24. The method as recited in claim 20 wherein said clamp comprises a resistor.

25. The method as recited in claim 20 wherein said clamp comprises a transistor.

26. The method as recited in claim 20 wherein said rectifier switch is selected from the group consisting of:

a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and

a gallium-arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

27. The method as recited in claim 20 further comprising attenuating said drive signal with a resistor series coupled to said drive winding and capacitor.

28. The method as recited in claim 20 wherein said synchronous rectifier has a second rectifier switch, said series-coupled drive winding and capacitor are further coupled to a second control terminal of said second rectifier switch and said method further comprises controlling a second capacitive charge within said second rectifier switch with another clamp.

29. A power converter, comprising:

an inverter;

at least one transformer having a primary winding coupled to said inverter;

a synchronous rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of said at least one transformer and having first and second rectifier switches; and

a circuit for driving said first and second rectifier switches, including;

a series-coupled drive winding and capacitor, coupled between a first control terminal of said first rectifier switch and a second control terminal of said second rectifier switch, that generates first and second drive signals and delivers said first and second drive signals to said first and second control terminals, respectively, and

first and second clamps, coupled to said first and second control terminals, respectively, that control first and second capacitive charges within said first and second rectifier switches to limit voltage excursions of said first and second drive signals.

30. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to said transformer.

31. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said drive winding is magnetically coupled to an auxiliary transformer.

32. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a diode.

33. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a resistor.

34. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein at least one of said first and second clamps comprises a transistor.

35. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said first and second rectifier switches are selected from the group consisting of:

a metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and

a gallium-arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAsFET).

36. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said capacitor substantially equalizes said first and second drive signals.

37. The power converter as recited in claim 29 further comprising an auxiliary capacitor coupled to one of said first and second control terminals to substantially equalize said first and second drive signals.

38. The power converter as recited in claim 29 further comprising a resistor series coupled to said drive winding and capacitor.

39. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said inverter is selected from the group consisting of:

an asymmetrical half bridge,

a half bridge,

a full bridge, and

a forward.

40. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein a configuration of said synchronous rectifier and said secondary winding is selected from the group consisting of

a half wave rectifier,

a tapped winding full wave rectifier,

a hybridge rectifier,

a multiple transformer rectifier, and

a flyback rectifier.

41. The power converter as recited in claim 29 wherein said inverter comprises at least one active clamp.