Heat source for airbag inflation gas generation via a dissociating material

• US 6,289,814 B1
• Filed: 07/10/1998
• Issued: 09/18/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Autoliv ASP Incorporated (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Autoliv ASP Incorporated (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Inventors: Harris, Bradley D., Green, David J., Rink, Karl K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelson, Peter A.
• Application Number:
  US09/112,838
• Time in Patent Office: 1,166 Days
• Field of Search: 102/288, 102/289
• US Class Current: 102/288
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/26041 of elongated shape
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/2633 with a plurality of inflation levels
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/2725 using a fluid fuel gas generator
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/264 using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic B60R21/268 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/272 with means for increasing the pressure of the gas just before or during liberation, e.g. hybrid inflators
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 23/008 Tagging additives
• CPC Class Codes: C06C 9/00 Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/00 Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets explosive compositions containing an oxidizer, fuels for rocket engines intended for reaction with an oxidant other than air C06B
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/04 by auto-decomposition of single substances
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/06 by reaction of two or more solids
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/10 by reaction of solids with liquids
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 3/226 for containers, e.g. radiators

Abstract

An apparatus and method for inflating an inflatable device which involve a heat source composed of a load of fuel material and an initiator is actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication such as to initiate dissociation of a gas source material to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device.

Claims

1. An apparatus for inflating an inflatable device, said apparatus comprising:

a first chamber containing a fluid load having an equivalence ratio of less than 0.25 and including at least one gas source material which undergoes dissociation to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device; and

a heat source including a load of fuel material and an initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the fuel material load to produce heat, the heat source actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication with the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material,

wherein the fuel material is selected to provide, during the first 150 milliseconds after initiation of reaction thereof, at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the fuel material.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material comprises a pyrotechnic.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the load of fuel material provides a calorific content of about 75 to about 300 calories per gram of the fluid load.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material is selected to provide at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the fuel material prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 90% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the fuel material is additionally selected to provide a maximum rate of heat release prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 75% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the fuel material is additionally selected to provide a maximum rate of heat release prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 50% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one gas source material is N₂O.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material has a geometry selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material has a surface area selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material is of a particle size selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fuel material is in the form of a pyrotechnic stored separately frorn the at least one gas source material.

12. A method of operating the apparatus of claim 4 comprising the steps of:

actuating the initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the load of fuel material to produce heat and

transmitting at least a portion of the produced heat to the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material.

13. An apparatus for inflating an inflatable device, said apparatus comprising:

a first chamber containing a fluid load having an equivalence ratio of less than 0.25 and including at least one gas source material which undergoes dissociation to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device; and

a heat source including a load of fuel material and an initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the fuel material load to produce heat, the heat source actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication with the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material,

wherein the fuel material is selected to provide, during the first 100 milliseconds after initiation of reaction thereof, at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the fuel material.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material comprises a pyrotechnic.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the load of fuel material provides a calorific content of about 75 to about 300 calories per gram of the fluid load.

16. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material is selected to provide at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the fuel material prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 90% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the pyrotechnic is additionally selected to provide a maximum rate of heat release prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 75% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the pyrotechnic is additionally selected to provide a maximum rate of heat release prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 50% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

19. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the at least one gas source material is N₂O.

20. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material has a geometry selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

21. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material has a surface area selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

22. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material is of a particle size selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

23. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the fuel material is in the form of a pyrotechnic stored separately from the at least one gas source material.

24. A method of operating the apparatus of claim 13 comprising the steps of:

actuating the initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the load of fuel material to produce heat and

transmitting at least a portion of the produced heat to the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material.

25. An apparatus for inflating an inflatable device, said apparatus comprising:

a first chamber containing a fluid load including at least one gas source material which undergoes dissociation to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device; and

a heat source including a load of fuel material and an initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the fuel material load to produce heat, the heat source actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication with the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material;

wherein the fuel material comprises a pyrotechnic selected to provide at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the pyrotechnic prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 50% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber and a maximum rate of heat release prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 25% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

34. A method of operating the apparatus of claim 25 comprising the steps of:

actuating the initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the load of fuel material to produce heat and

transmitting at least a portion of the produced beat to the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of the at least one gas source material.

26. An apparatus for inflating an inflatable device, said apparatus comprising:

a first chamber containing a fluid load having an equivalence ratio of less than 0.25 and including nitrous oxide; and

a heat source including a load of pyrotechnic and an initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the pyrotechnic load to produce heat, the heat source actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication with the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of at least a portion of the nitrous oxide to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device;

wherein the pyrotechnic is selected to provide at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the pyrotechnic prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 90% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber and wherein the pyrotechnic load provides a calorific content of about 75 to about 300 calories per gram of the fluid load.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the pyrotechnic has a geometry selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the pyrotechnic has a surface area selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

29. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the pyrotechnic is of a particle size selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

30. An apparatus for inflating an inflatable device, said apparatus comprising:

a first chamber containing a fluid load including nitrous oxide; and

a heat source including a load of pyrotechnic and an initiator to initiate reaction of at least a portion of the pyrotechnic load to produce heat, the heat source actuatable to be in heat transmitting communication with the contents of said first chamber to initiate dissociation of at least a portion of the nitrous oxide to form at least one gaseous dissociation product used to inflate the inflatable device;

wherein the pyrotechnic is selected to provide at least about 95% of the total heat liberated by the reaction of the pyrotechnic prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of associated dissociation product of more than about 90% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber, wherein the pyrotechnic load provides a calorific content of about 7.5 to about 300 calories per gram of the fluid load and wherein a maximum rate of heat release occurs prior to dissociation and release from said first chamber of dissociation product corresponding to more than about 25% of the gas source material originally contained within said first chamber.

31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein the pyrotechnic has a geometry selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the pyrotechnic has a surface area selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.

33. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the pyrotechnic is of a particle size selected to provide, upon combustion thereof, a selected rate of dissociation of the gas source material.