Systems and methods for sensing red blood cell hematocrit

• US 6,294,094 B1
• Filed: 09/03/1999
• Issued: 09/25/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Baxter International Inc.
• Inventors: Joie, Michel L. F., Muller, Matthew R., Vandlik, Mark R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Drodge, Joseph W.
• Application Number:
  US09/389,506
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 210/85, 210/94, 210/360.1, 210/512.1, 210/739, 210/745, 210/767, 210/787, 494/1, 494/10, 494/37, 356/39, 356/244, 356/246, 436/264, 436/265, 422/82.05
• US Class Current: 210/745
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/0236 with sampling means, e.g. sample bag or sampling port
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362227 the interface providing means for actuating on functional elements of the cassette, e.g. plungers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36225 with blood pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362261 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362262 Details of incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362264 the filter being a blood filter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362265 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362266 Means for adding solutions or substances to the blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/367 Circuit parts not covered by the preceding subgroups of group A61M1/3621
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3696 with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/38 Removing constituents from donor blood and storing or returning remainder to body , e.g. for transfusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/128 with incorporated valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3393 by weighing the reservoir
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/207 hematocrit
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 17/0217 by centrifugal force
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/2444 Discharge mechanisms for the classified liquid
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/245 Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/26 Separation of sediment aided by centrifugal force or centripetal forcecentrifuges B04B; cyclones B04C
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/262 by using a centrifuge
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/302 Active control mechanisms with external energy, e.g. with solenoid valve
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 21/34 : Controlling the feed distribution; Controlling the liquid level ; Control of process parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2221/08 : Mobile separation devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2221/10 : Separation devices for use in medical, pharmaceutical or laboratory applications, e.g. separating amalgam from dental treatment residues apparatus for dental treatment A61C17/065

Abstract

Red blood cell sensing systems and methods rely upon straightforward measurement geometries. The systems and methods comprise an incident light source, an optical sensor, and a blood collection tube. The systems and methods hold the blood collection tube a predetermined radial distance from the incident light source where a linear relationship exists between sensed reflected light measured by the optical sensor and red blood cell hematocrit in a range of at least 10 to 90. The systems and methods make possible accurate red blood sensing without use of special optical cuvettes, mirrors, or focusing lenses. The systems and methods also make possible the use of standard transparent plastic tubing, without reliance upon special optical cuvettes.

Claims

1. A red blood cell sensing assembly comprising

an incident source of light having a wavelength of about 805 nm,

an optical sensor,

a blood collection tube to convey a blood suspension containing a quantity of red blood cells, the quantity of red blood cells in the blood suspension being expressed as a percentage of red blood cells present in the blood suspension (% RBC), and

a holder to hold the blood collection tube at a radial distance of about 7.5 mm from the incident source of light where a linear relationship exists between sensed reflected light measured by the optical sensor and % RBC in a range of at least % RBC=10% to % RBC=90%.

2. An assembly according to claim 1

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a mirror.

3. An assembly according to claim 1

wherein the blood collection tube comprises transparent flexible tubing that interfaces directly with the sensing assembly and is free of an optical cuvette.

4. An assembly according to claim 1

wherein the blood collection tube conveys red blood cells from a blood separation device.

5. An assembly according to claim 1

wherein the blood collection tube conveys plasma from a blood separation device.

6. An assembly according to claim 1

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a focusing lens.

7. A blood processing system comprising

a device for processing blood to obtain a blood suspension containing a quantity of red blood cells, the quantity of red blood cells in the blood suspension being expressed as a percentage of red blood cells present in the blood suspension (% RBC).

a sensing assembly outside the device including an incident light source and an optical sensor to optically sense presence of red blood cells, and

a fluid circuit coupled to the device and including a blood inlet tube for conveying a flow of blood into the device and a component collection tube for conveying a flow of the blood suspension from the device, and a fixture including a holder to hold the blood inlet tube and the component collection tube in an adjacent, spaced-apart relationship for handling as a bundle, the holder also being movable into releasable engagement with the sensing assembly to hold the component collection tube within the holder at a predetermined radial distance from the incident light source where a linear relationship exists between sensed reflected light measured by the optical sensor and % RBC in a range of at least % RBC=10% to % RBC=90%.

8. A system according to claim 7

wherein the fixture comprises an integral part of the fluid circuit.

9. A system according to claim 7

wherein the fixture is a separately fabricated part of the fluid circuit.

10. A system according to claim 7

wherein the fixture directs the blood inlet tube and the component collection tube through a bend without substantial kinking.

11. A system according to claim 7

wherein the fluid circuit includes an umbilicus adjacent-Dotghe fixture.

12. A system according to claim 7

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a mirror.

13. A system according to claim 7

wherein the component collection tube comprises transparent flexible tubing that interfaces directly with the sensing assembly and is free of an optical cuvette.

14. A system according to claim 7

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a focusing lens.

15. A system according to claim 7

wherein the incident light source has a wavelength of about 805 nm, and

wherein the predetermined radial distance is about 7.5 mm from the light source.

16. A method for sensing red blood cells in a blood suspension containing a quantity of red blood cells, the quantity of red blood cells in the blood suspension being expressed as a percentage of red blood cells present in the blood suspension (% RBC), comprising the steps of

providing an incident source of light having a wavelength of about 805 nm,

providing an optical sensor,

holding a blood collection tube at a radial distance of about 7.5 mm from the incident source of light where a linear relationship exists between sensed reflected light measured by the optical sensor and % RBC in a range of at least % RBC=10% to % RBC=90%, and

sensing red blood cells in the blood suspension within the blood collection tube.

17. A method according to claim 16

wherein the sensing is accomplished without use of a mirror.

18. A method according to claim 16

wherein the blood collection tube comprises transparent flexible tubing that is free of an optical cuvette.

19. A method according to claim 16

wherein the sensing is accomplished without use of a focusing lens.

20. A blood separation system comprising

a device for separating whole blood into a blood suspension containing a quantity of red blood cells, the quantity of red blood cells in the blood suspension being expressed as a percentage of red blood cells present in the blood suspension (% RBC),

a sensing assembly outside the device including an incident source of light having a wavelength of about 805 nm and an optical sensor to sense red blood cells, and

a fluid circuit coupled to the device and including a component collection tube for conveying a flow of the blood suspension from the device, and a fixture movable into releasable engagement with the sensing assembly and including a holder to hold the component collection tube at a radial distance of about 7.5 mm from the incident source of light where a linear relationship exists between sensed reflected light measured by the optical sensor and % RBC in a range of at least % RBC=10% to % RBC=90%.

21. A system according to claim 20

wherein the fluid circuit includes a whole blood inlet tube for conveying a flow of whole blood into the device,

wherein the holder also holds the whole blood inlet tube, whereby the fixture serves to gather and hold the whole blood inlet tube and the component collection tube in a bundle.

22. A system according to claim 20

wherein the fixture comprises an integral part of the fluid circuit.

23. A system according to claim 20

wherein the fixture is a separately fabricated part of the fluid circuit.

24. A system according to claim 20

wherein the fixture directs the component collection tube through a bend without substantial kinking.

25. A system according to claim 20

wherein the fluid circuit includes an umbilicus adjacent to the fixture.

26. A system according to claim 20

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a mirror.

27. A system according to claim 20

wherein the sensing assembly is free of a focusing lense.

28. A system according to claim 20

wherein the component collection tube comprises transparent flexible tubing that interfaces directly with the sensing assembly and is free of an optical cuvette.

29. A system according to claim 20

wherein the component collection tube conveys red blood cells.

30. A system according to claim 20

wherein the component collection tube conveys plasma.