Hydrogen manufacturing and supplying apparatus and electric motorcar

• US 6,294,276 B1
• Filed: 05/07/1999
• Issued: 09/25/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ogino, Shigeru
• Primary Examiner(s): Huff, Mark F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CHACKO DAVIS, DABORAH
• Application Number:
  US09/284,974
• Time in Patent Office: 872 Days
• Field of Search: 429/17-20, 420/900
• US Class Current: 429/411
• CPC Class Codes: B01B 1/005 Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/30 for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/33 by cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/34 by heating
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0233 the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0405 Purification by membrane separation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0475 the impurity being carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0485 the impurity being a sulfur compound
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/066 with fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0805 Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0811 by combustion of fuel
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1011 Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1023 Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1052 Nickel or cobalt catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1064 Platinum group metal catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1082 Composition of support materials
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1241 Natural gas or methane
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/127 Catalytic desulfurisation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1288 Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1604 Starting up the process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1609 : Shutting down the process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1633 : Measuring the pressure
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1638 : Adjusting the pressure
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1685 : Control based on demand of downstream process
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/169 : Controlling the feed
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1695 : Adjusting the feed of the combustion
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/0005 : Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes purification of hydrogen C01B3/508; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/34 : by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/38 : using catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/50 : Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification C01B3/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/501 : by diffusion
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 : Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 : Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04007 : related to heat exchange
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04029 : Heat exchange using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04216 : characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04388 : of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04425 : at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04619 : of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04955 : Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0612 : from carbon-containing material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 : by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0687 : Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 : Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 420/90 : Hydrogen storage

Abstract

An electric vehicle with fuel cells which use hydrogen as a gaseous fuel. A hydrogen generator supplier feeds a supply of hydrogen to the electric vehicle and is mounted thereon. The hydrogen generator supplier utilizes city gas as a crude fuel to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen generator supplier is connected with piping which is part of the supply of commercial gas. The hydrogen generator supplier reforms a crude fuel to produce a hydrogen rich gas and subsequently separates the gaseous fuel from the hydrogen rich gas. The hydrogen generator supplier is connected to the electric vehicle by way of a specific connector which enables the gaseous hydrogen produced from the commercial gas to be supplied to the vehicle. Thus, the supply of hydrogen to be used as fuel in the electric vehicle is provided without having a new distribution for hydrogen.

Claims

1. A hydrogen generator supplier that feeds a supply of hydrogen to an electric vehicle, said electric vehicle having a fuel storage unit, which comprises a hydrogen storage alloy that enables absorption and storage of hydrogen, and fuel cells, which use the stored gaseous hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, said hydrogen generator supplier comprising:

a reformer that reforms a crude fuel to produce a hydrogen rich gas;

a hydrogen purifier that separates gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen rich gas produced by said reformer; and

a hydrogen supply unit that feeds the gaseous hydrogen separated by said hydrogen purifier to said fuel storage unit to be stored in the hydrogen storage alloy.

2. A hydrogen generator supplier in accordance with claim 1, said hydrogen generator supplier further comprising:

a fluid discharge unit that takes a fluid, which is heated with heat evolved in said fuel storage unit in the course of absorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy, out of said electric vehicle when the gaseous hydrogen is fed to said fuel storage unit by said hydrogen supply unit.

3. A hydrogen generator supplier in accordance with claim 2, wherein said reformer utilizes heat obtained from the fluid taken out by said fluid discharge unit for a reforming reaction of the crude fuel.

4. A hydrogen generator supplier in accordance with any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein a commercial gas comprising a hydrocarbon as a primary component is used for the crude fuel,

said hydrogen generator supplier further comprising:

a joint unit that connects with a piping of the commercial gas to enable a feed of the crude fuel.

5. A hydrogen generator supplier that feeds a supply of hydrogen to an electric vehicle, said electric vehicle having a fuel storage unit, which enables storage of gaseous hydrogen, and fuel cells, which use the stored gaseous hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, said hydrogen generator supplier comprising:

a reformer that reforms a crude fuel to produce a hydrogen rich gas;

a hydrogen purifier that separates gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen rich gas produced by said reformer;

a hydrogen storage unit that stores the gaseous hydrogen separated by said hydrogen purifier;

a hydrogen supply unit that feeds the gaseous hydrogen stored in said hydrogen storage unit to said fuel storage unit;

a hydrogen load detection unit that measures a quantity of the gaseous hydrogen stored in said hydrogen storage unit; and

a hydrogen load regulation unit that controls operations of said reformer and said hydrogen purifier based on the quantity of hydrogen observed by said hydrogen load detection unit and regulates the quantity of hydrogen stored in said hydrogen storage unit to a predetermined level.

6. A hydrogen generator supplier that feeds a supply of hydrogen to an electric vehicle, said electric vehicle having a fuel storage unit, which enables storage of gaseous hydrogen, and fuel cells, which use the stored gaseous hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, said hydrogen generator supplier comprising:

a reformer that reforms a crude fuel to produce a hydrogen rich gas;

a hydrogen purifier that separates gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen rich gas produced by said reformer;

a hydrogen supply unit that feeds the gaseous hydrogen separated by said hydrogen purifier to said fuel storage unit;

an input unit that inputs information relating to a remaining quantity of hydrogen in said fuel storage unit mounted on said electric vehicle; and

a hydrogen supply regulation unit that controls operations of said reformer and said hydrogen purifier based on the information relating to the remaining quantity of hydrogen input by said input unit, in order to produce a predetermined quantity of hydrogen, and supplies the predetermined quantity of hydrogen to said fuel storage unit via said hydrogen supply unit.

7. A connector that connects a hydrogen supplier for feeding a supply of hydrogen with an electric vehicle, said electric vehicle having a fuel storage unit, which stores gaseous hydrogen, and fuel cells, which use the stored gaseous hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, said connector comprising:

a first connection unit that connects said electric vehicle with said hydrogen supplier via a hydrogen supply path, through which hydrogen is fed from said hydrogen supplier to said fuel storage unit; and

a second connection unit that connects said electric vehicle with said hydrogen supplier via a signal line, which transmits information relating to a remaining quantity of hydrogen in said fuel storage unit to said hydrogen supplier.

8. An electric vehicle with fuel cells, which use hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, wherein electric power obtained from said fuel cells is utilized for a driving force of said electric vehicle, said electric vehicle comprising:

a fuel storage unit that comprises a hydrogen storage alloy, in which hydrogen is absorbed and thereby stored as the gaseous fuel;

a fluid heating unit that heats a predetermined fluid with heat evolved in said fuel storage unit in the course of absorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy when a supply of hydrogen is fed to said fuel storage unit; and

a heat release unit that leads the fluid heated by said fluid heating unit to outside of said electric vehicle.

9. An electric vehicle with fuel cells, which use hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, wherein electric power obtained from said fuel cells is utilized for a driving force of said electric vehicle, said electric vehicle comprising:

a fuel storage unit that stores hydrogen as the gaseous fuel;

a remaining hydrogen quantity detection unit that measures a remaining quantity of hydrogen in said fuel storage unit; and

a remaining hydrogen quantity transmission unit that transmits information relating to the remaining quantity of hydrogen observed by said remaining hydrogen quantity detection unit to a preset hydrogen supplier, which feeds a supply of hydrogen to said fuel storage unit.

10. An electric vehicle system comprising an electric vehicle and a hydrogen generator supplier, said electric vehicle having fuel cells, which use hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon and utilizing electric power obtained from said fuel cells for a driving force of said electric vehicle, said hydrogen generator supplier reforming a crude fuel to produce gaseous hydrogen and feeding the gaseous hydrogen as the gaseous fuel to said electric vehicle,

wherein said electric vehicle comprises:

a fuel storage unit that comprises a hydrogen storage alloy, in which hydrogen is absorbed and thereby stored as the gaseous fuel; and

a heat discharge unit that discharges heat, which is evolved in said fuel storage unit in the course of absorption of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy when a supply of hydrogen is fed to said fuel storage unit, to outside of said electric vehicle via a specific fluid, and

wherein said hydrogen generator supplier comprises;

a reformer that reforms the crude fuel by taking advantage of the heat discharged via the specific fluid by said heat discharge unit of said electric vehicle when a supply of hydrogen is fed from said hydrogen generator supplier to said electric vehicle.

11. A hydrogen generator supplier that feeds a supply of hydrogen to an electric vehicle, said electric vehicle having a fuel storage unit, which enables storage of gaseous hydrogen, and fuel cells, which use the stored gaseous hydrogen as a gaseous fuel, mounted thereon, said hydrogen generator supplier comprising:

a reformer that reforms a crude fuel to produce a hydrogen rich gas;

a hydrogen purifier that separates gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen rich gas produced by said reformer; and

a hydrogen supply unit that feeds the gaseous hydrogen separated by said hydrogen purifier to said fuel storage unit,

wherein said hydrogen generator supplier is constructed as a separate body from said electric vehicle.

12. A hydrogen generator supplier in accordance with claim 11, said hydrogen generator supplier further comprising:

a crude fuel supply unit that feeds a supply of the crude fuel into said hydrogen generator supplier; and

a water supply unit that feeds a supply of water, which is required for reforming the crude fuel and producing the hydrogen rich gas, into said hydrogen generator supplier,

wherein said hydrogen supply unit comprises a first joint unit that enables free attachment to and detachment from said electric vehicle, said crude fuel supply unit comprises a second joint unit that enables free attachment to and detachment from a crude fuel supplier, which feeds the supply of the crude fuel to said hydrogen generator supplier, and said water supply unit comprises a third joint unit that enables free attachment to and detachment from a water supplier, which feeds the supply of water to said hydrogen generator supplier.

13. A hydrogen generator supplier in accordance with claim 12, wherein the separate body including said reformer and said hydrogen purifier has a grip unit on an outer surface thereof, in order to facilitate carriage of said hydrogen generator supplier.