Device for removing a liquid from capillaries

• US 6,296,126 B1
• Filed: 12/22/1999
• Issued: 10/02/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microparts Gesellschaft
• Original Assignee: Microparts Gesellschaft
• Inventors: Peters, Ralph-Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, John
• Application Number:
  US09/469,243
• Time in Patent Office: 650 Days
• Field of Search: 210/232, 210/455, 210/456, 210/473, 422/104
• US Class Current: 210/456
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00891 Feeding or evacuation
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0681 Filter
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0825 Test strips
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0406 capillary forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0457 passive flow or gravitation
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/084 Passive control of flow resistance
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50273 characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids micropumps F04B19/006, of the membrane type F04B43/043
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502746 characterised by the means for controlling flow resistance, e.g. flow controllers, baffles B01L3/502738 takes precedence

Abstract

Liquid components are separated from a liquid using separation devices, such as filters and membranes, in which capillary forces, which retain the liquid component to be separated in the separation device, are effective. If the amount of liquid is very small, it can be very difficult to remove the liquid component to be separated in the separation device in a free and unchanged form. This process step is simplified or facilitated by a wedge-shaped cut-out at an exit end of the capillary or in a columnar body which is in contact with an exit end of the capillary. A radius of curvature of a wedge edge is smaller than a radius of the capillary. A base side of the wedge-shaped cut-out is adjacent to a collecting chamber in which the separated-off liquid component is collected, and in which the capillary forces are smaller than interfering forces in the capillary itself. If interfering capillary forces are still effective in the collecting chamber, then a further wedge-shaped cut-out can be provided at the exit end of the collecting chamber. Thus, the device makes it possible to separate off liquid components in the microliter range.

Claims

1. A device for removing a liquid from at least one capillary into a collecting chamber, wherein:

in each case, there is a wedge-shaped cut-out in a body at an exit end into which the at least one capillary runs;

a radius of curvature of a wedge edge of the cut-out is smaller than half the smallest dimension of the largest capillary which runs into the wedge-shaped cut-out;

a wedge angle between wedge surfaces of the cut-out in a vicinity of the wedge edge is less than 150 degrees; and

said collecting chamber is adjacent to a base side of the wedge-shaped cut-out.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein:

said wedge angle between the wedge surfaces of the cut-out in the vicinity of the wedge edge is less than ninety degrees.

3. A device according to claim 1 in a two-piece shape configured to remove a liquid from at least one capillary which passes through a first body into a second collecting chamber which is provided in a second body, wherein:

said at least one wedge-shaped cut-out into which the at least one capillary runs at its exit end is provided in at least one projection which is located on a base plate as the second body;

a free end of the at least one projection is in contact with a surface of the first body in which the exit end of the at least one capillary is located; and

a beginning of the wedge edge of the wedge-shaped cut-out is within an exit area of the at least one capillary.

4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one capillary is:

a single capillary in the first body.

5. A device according to claim 3, wherein:

said wedge edge of the wedge-shaped cut-out is perpendicular or inclined by an angle of at least twenty degrees to the surface of the first body in which the exit end of the at least one capillary is located.

6. A device according to claim 3, wherein:

said at least one wedge-shaped cut-out is provided in at least one projection which has the shape of a column.

7. A device according to claim 1 in a one-piece shape, wherein:

in each case, the wedge-shaped cut-out runs seamlessly into the at least one capillary at the exit end thereof.

8. A device according to claim 7, wherein:

said wedge-shaped cut-out is provided in a wall of the collecting chamber into which the at least one capillary runs; and

a beginning of the wedge edge of the wedge-shaped cut-out is located in a wall of the capillary in a vicinity of the exit end thereof.

9. A device according to claim 8, wherein:

said wedge edge of the wedge-shaped cut-out is perpendicular or inclined to an angle of at least twenty degrees to the wall of the capillary.

10. A device according to claim 1, wherein:

a plurality of groups, which each comprise at least one wedge-shaped cut-out and a collecting chamber, is arranged one after the other; and

a dimension determining a capillarity of the collecting chamber is greater than a capillarity-determining dimension of a respective collecting chamber arranged therebefore.

11. A device according to claim 1, wherein said device is configured to separate a liquid from a liquid medium.

12. A device according to claim 11, wherein said device is configured for one of:

separating the liquid from a solid-containing medium by a filter membrane;

separating blood plasma from whole blood by a separator membrane; and

filling a well of a microtiter plate from a feed capillary.

13. A device according to claim 3, wherein at least one capillary is:

a plurality of discrete capillaries or gaps passing through the first body.

14. A device according to claim 3, wherein at least one capillary is:

a plurality of pores or gaps in the first body which is an open-pore membrane.

15. A device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one capillary is:

an open-pore sintered body.

16. A device according to claim 3, wherein the at least one capillary is one of:

a nonwoven, a felt or a paper.

17. A device according to claim 3, wherein:

said at least one wedge-shaped cut-out is provided in at least one projection which has the shape of a cone.

18. A device according to claim 3, wherein:

said at least one wedge-shaped cut-out is provided in at least one projection which has the shape of a pyramid.

19. A device according to claim 3, wherein:

said at least one wedge-shaped cut-out is provided in at least one projection which has the shape of a cross piece.