Receiver synchronizer

US 6,304,619 B1
Filed: 07/01/1998
Issued: 10/16/2001
Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1998
Status: Expired due to Term

First Claim

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1. A receiver, wherein the receiver receives a received signal, wherein the received signal includes data and a pilot up chirp and a pilot down chirp, wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are concurrent with the data, the receiver comprising:

a detector arranged to correlate the received signal with a reference up chirp and a reference down chirp, wherein the reference up chirp corresponds to the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp corresponds to the pilot down chirp; and

, a signal adjuster arranged to synchronize the receiver to the received signal in response to the correlation performed by the detector.

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Abstract

A receiver receives a received signal containing a pilot up chirp and a pilot down chirp. The pilot up chirp has a frequency which increases from a time reference zero to a time reference t_N, and the pilot down chirp has a frequency which decreases from the time reference t_Nto a time reference 2t_tN. A sampler of the receiver is arranged to sample the received signal. A detector is arranged to correlate the received signal samples with a reference up chirp and a reference down chirp. The reference up chirp has a varying frequency substantially matching the pilot up chirp, and the reference down chirp has a varying frequency substantially matching the pilot down chirp. A sample adjuster is arranged to synchronize the received signal samples in response to the detector.

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63 Claims

1. A receiver, wherein the receiver receives a received signal, wherein the received signal includes data and a pilot up chirp and a pilot down chirp, wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are concurrent with the data, the receiver comprising:
- a detector arranged to correlate the received signal with a reference up chirp and a reference down chirp, wherein the reference up chirp corresponds to the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp corresponds to the pilot down chirp; and
  
  , a signal adjuster arranged to synchronize the receiver to the received signal in response to the correlation performed by the detector.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52)
- - 2. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the pilot up chirp has an increasing frequency, wherein the pilot down chirp has a decreasing frequency, wherein the reference up chirp has an increasing frequency substantially matching the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp has a decreasing frequency substantially matching the pilot down chirp.
  - 3. The receiver of claim 2 wherein the frequency of the pilot up chirp increases from a time reference zero to a time reference t_N, and wherein the frequency of the pilot down chirp decreases from the time reference t_Nto a time reference 2t_N.
  - 4. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 5. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a timing error by effectively averaging T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the timing error.
  - 6. The receiver of claim 5 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 7. The receiver of claim 6 wherein the signal adjuster comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the received signal and a frequency correction based upon the frequency error, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, a result of the multiplier in response to a timing correction based upon the timing error.
  - 8. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector comprises a sampler arranged to sample the received signal in order to produce received signal samples, wherein the detector is arranged to correlate the resulting received signal samples with the reference up chirp and a reference down chirp, and wherein the signal adjuster synchronizes the receiver to the received signal samples.
  - 9. The receiver of claim 8 wherein the pilot up chirp has an increasing frequency, wherein the pilot down chirp has a decreasing frequency, wherein the reference up chirp has an increasing frequency substantially matching the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp has a decreasing frequency substantially matching the pilot down chirp.
  - 10. The receiver of claim 9 wherein the frequency of the pilot up chirp increases from a time reference zero to a time reference t_N, and wherein the frequency of the pilot down chirp decreases from the time reference t_Nto a time reference 2t_N.
  - 11. The receiver of claim 8 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 12. The receiver of claim 8 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a timing error by effectively averaging T_up-peakand T_down-peak, wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the timing error.
  - 13. The receiver of claim 12 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 14. The receiver of claim 13 wherein the signal adjuster comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the received signal samples and a frequency correction based upon the frequency error, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, a result of the multiplier in response to a timing correction based upon the timing error.
  - 15. The receiver of claim 8 wherein the sampler comprises an analog to digital converter.
  - 16. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector is arranged to detect a frequency error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
    - $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$
17. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector is arranged to detect a timing error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the timing error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{2} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₂(s) is a response of the signal adjuster, wherein the signal adjuster and the detector have a response H₂(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{2} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{2} (s)}{(s + k \cdot F_{2} (s))} = \frac{k}{τ \cdot s^{2} + s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the signal adjuster and k is gain.
18. The receiver of claim 17 wherein the detector is arranged to detect a frequency error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₁(s) is another response of the signal adjuster, wherein the signal adjuster and the detector have another response H₁(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{1} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{1} (s)}{1 + k \cdot F_{1} (s)} = \frac{k τ^{2}}{τs + k + 1}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the signal adjuster and k is gain.
19. The receiver of claim 18 wherein the detector further comprises a phase error detector arranged to detect a phase error between the received signal and the reference up and down chirps and to produce a phase correction based upon the phase error, wherein the signal adjuster comprises first and second multipliers, wherein the first multiplier multiplies the frequency correction and the phase correction to produce a multiplication result, and wherein the second multiplier multiplies the multiplication result by the received signal.
20. The receiver of claim 19 wherein the phase error detector operates in accordance with the following equation:
- $F_{3} (s) = \frac{1 + τ s}{s}$ wherein F₃(s) is a response of the phase detector, wherein the signal adjuster and the phase detector have a response H₃(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{3} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{3} (s)}{s + k \cdot F_{3} (s)} = \frac{k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}{s^{2} + k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the phase error detector and k is gain.
21. The receiver of claim 18 wherein the signal adjuster further comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the frequency correction and the received signal, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, an output of the multiplier based upon the timing correction.
48. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are substantially continuous in the received signal.
49. The receiver of claim 1 wherein the detector performs the correlation in the frequency domain.
50. The receiver of claim 49 wherein the detector comprises:
- a Fourier Transform that transforms the received signal into the frequency domain;
  
  a first multiplier that multiplies the frequency domain received signal by the reference up chirp;
  
  a second multiplier that multiplies the frequency domain received signal by the reference down chirp;
  
  a first inverse Fourier Transform that transforms an output of the first multiplier into the time domain; and
  
  , a second inverse Fourier Transform that transforms an output of the second multiplier into the time domain.
51. The receiver of claim 50 wherein the Fourier Transform comprises a complex Fourier Transform, wherein the first inverse Fourier Transform comprises a first complex inverse Fourier Transform, and wherein the second inverse Fourier Transform comprises a second complex inverse Fourier Transform.
52. The receiver of claim 50 wherein the detector further comprises a peak detector that is coupled to outputs of the first and second inverse Fourier Transforms and that detects a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the pilot up chirp and the reference up chirp and a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the pilot down chirp and the reference down chirp.

22. A receiver, wherein the receiver receives a received signal containing a pilot up chirp and a pilot down chirp, wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are concurrent with the data, and wherein the receiver comprises:
- a detector arranged to correlate the received signal with a reference up chirp and a reference down chirp to produce a weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value and a weighted T_down-peakcorrelation value, wherein the reference up chirp has a frequency substantially matching the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp has a frequency substantially matching the pilot down chirp; and
  
  , a signal adjuster arranged to synchronize the receiver to the received signal in response to the weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value and the weighted T_down-peakcorrelation value.
- View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
- - 23. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_{down -peak}correlation value between the received signal and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 24. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a timing error by effectively averaging T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the timing error.
  - 25. The receiver of claim 24 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to synchronize to the received signal in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 26. The receiver of claim 25 wherein the signal adjuster comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the received signal and a frequency correction based upon the frequency error, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, a result of the multiplier in response to a timing correction based upon the timing error.
  - 27. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detector comprises a sampler arranged to sample the received signal in order to produce received signal samples, wherein the detector is arranged to correlate the resulting received signal samples with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, and wherein the signal adjuster synchronizes the receiver to the received signal samples.
  - 28. The receiver of claim 27 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 29. The receiver of claim 27 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_up-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference up chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a weighted T_down-peakcorrelation value between the received signal samples and the reference down chirp, wherein the detector is arranged to produce a timing error by effectively averaging T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the timing error.
  - 30. The receiver of claim 29 wherein the detector is arranged to produce a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to adjust the received signal samples in accordance with the frequency error.
  - 31. The receiver of claim 30 wherein the signal adjuster comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the received signal samples and a frequency correction based upon the frequency error, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, a result of the multiplier in response to a timing correction based upon the timing error.
  - 32. The receiver of claim 27 wherein the sampler comprises an analog to digital converter.
  - 33. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detect is arranged to detect frequency error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
    - $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$
34. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detector is arranged to detect a timing error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, and wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the timing error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{2} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₂(s) is a response of the signal adjuster, wherein the signal adjuster and the detector have a response H₂(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{2} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{2} (s)}{(s + k \cdot F_{2} (s))} = \frac{k}{τ \cdot s^{2} + s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the signal adjuster and k is gain.
35. The receiver of claim 34 wherein the detector is arranged to detect a frequency error by correlating the received signal with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp, wherein the signal adjuster is arranged to correct the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₁(s) is a response of the signal adjuster, wherein the signal adjuster and the detector have a response H₁(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{1} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{1} (s)}{1 + k \cdot F_{1} (s)} = \frac{k τ^{2}}{τ s + k + 1}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the signal adjuster and k is gain.
36. The receiver of claim 35 wherein the detector further comprises a phase error detector arranged to detect a phase error between the received signal and the reference up and down chirps and to produce a phase correction based upon the phase error, wherein the signal adjuster comprises first and second multipliers, wherein the first multiplier multiplies the frequency correction and the phase correction to produce a multiplication result, and wherein the second multiplier multiplies the multiplication result by the received signal.
37. The receiver of claim 36 wherein the phase error detector operates in accordance with the following equation:
- $F_{3} (s) = \frac{1 + τ s}{s}$ wherein F₃(s) is a response of the phase detector, wherein the signal adjuster and the phase detector have a response H₃(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{3} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{3} (s)}{s + k \cdot F_{3} (s)} = \frac{k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}{s^{2} + k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the phase error detector and k is gain.
38. The receiver of claim 35 wherein the signal adjuster further comprises a multiplier and a delay, wherein the multiplier multiplies the frequency correction and the received signal, and wherein the delay advances or retards, as appropriate, an output of the multiplier based upon the timing correction.
53. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the received signal includes data, and wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are concurrent with the data.
54. The receiver of claim 53 wherein toe pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are substantially continuous in the received signal.
55. The receiver of claim 22 wherein the detector comprises:
- a Fourier Transform that transforms the received signal into the frequency domain;
  
  a first multiplier that multiplies the frequency domain received signal by the reference up chirp;
  
  a second multiplier that multiplies the frequency domain received signal by the reference down chirp;
  
  a first inverse Fourier Transform that transforms an output of the first multiplier into the time domain; and
  
  , a second inverse Fourier Transform that transforms an output of the second multiplier into the time domain.
56. The receiver of claim 55 wherein the Fourier Transform comprises a complex Fourier Transform, wherein the first inverse Fourier Transform comprises a first complex inverse Fourier Transform, and wherein the second inverse Fourier Transform comprises a second complex inverse Fourier Transform.
57. The receiver of claim 55 wherein the detector further comprises a peak detector that is coupled to outputs of the first and second inverse Fourier Transforms and that detects a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the pilot up chirp and the reference up chirp and a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the pilot down chirp and the reference down chirp.

39. A method of synchronizing a receiver to a received signal, wherein the received signal contains a pilot up chirp and a pilot down chirp, wherein the pilot up chirp has an increasing frequency, wherein the pilot down chirp has a decreasing frequency, and wherein the method comprises the following steps:
- a) correlating the received signal with a reference up chirp and a reference down chirp to produce a T_up-peakcorrelation value and a T_down-peakcorrelation value, wherein the reference up chirp has a frequency substantially matching the pilot up chirp, and wherein the reference down chirp has a frequency substantially matching the pilot down chirp;
  
  b) producing a timing error by effectively averaging T_up-peakand T_down-peak;
  
  c) producing a frequency error by effectively subtracting T_up-peakand T_down-peak; and
  
  , d) synchronizing the receiver to the received signal in accordance with the timing error and the frequency error.
- View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
- - 40. The method of claim 39 wherein step d) comprises the following stops:
41. The method of claim 39 wherein step a) comprises the following steps:
- sampling the received signal in order to produce received signal samples; and
  
  , correlating the received signal samples with the reference up chirp and the reference down chirp to produce the T_up-peakcorrelation value and the T_down-peakcorrelation value.
42. The method of claim 41 wherein step d) comprises the following steps:
- multiplying the received signal samples and a frequency correction based upon the frequency error; and
  
  , advancing or retarding, as appropriate, a result of the multiplying step in response to a timing correction based upon the timing error.
43. The method of claim 39 wherein step d) comprises the step of correcting the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₁(s) is a response frequency error corrector, wherein a loop including the frequency error corrector has a response H₁(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{1} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{1} (s)}{1 + k \cdot F_{1} (s)} = \frac{k τ^{2}}{τ s + k + 1}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the frequency error corrector and k is gain.
44. The method of claim 39 wherein step d) comprises the step of correcting the timing error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{2} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₂(s) is a response of a timing error corrector, wherein a loop including the timing error corrector has a response H₂(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{2} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{2} (s)}{(s + k \cdot F_{2} (s))} = \frac{k}{τ \cdot s^{2} + s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the timing error corrector and k is gain.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein step d) comprises the step of correcting the frequency error in accordance with the following equations:
- $F_{1} (s) = \frac{1}{1 + τ s}$ $τ = \frac{1}{2 π f_{c}}$ wherein F₁(s) is a response of a frequency error corrector, wherein a loop including the frequency error corrector has a response H₁(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{1} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{1} (s)}{1 + k \cdot F_{1} (s)} = \frac{k τ^{2}}{τ s + k + 1}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the frequency error corrector and k is gain.
46. The method of claim 45 further comprising the following steps;
- detecting a phase error between the received signal and the reference up and down chirps;
  
  producing a phase correction based upon the phase error;
  
  multiplying the frequency correction and the phase correction to produce a multiplication result; and
  
  , multiplying the multiplication result by the received signal.
47. The method of claim 46 wherein the phase error detecting step comprises the step of detecting the phase error in accordance with the following equation:
- $F_{3} (s) = \frac{1 + τ s}{s}$ wherein F₃(s) is a response of a phase detector, wherein a loop including the phase detector has a response H₃(s) in accordance with the following equation;
  
  $H_{3} (s) = \frac{k \cdot F_{3} (s)}{s + k \cdot F_{3} (s)} = \frac{k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}{s^{2} + k \cdot τ \cdot s + k}$ and wherein f_cis a cut-off frequency of the phase error detector and k is gain.
58. The method of claim 39 wherein seep a) is performed in the frequency domain.
59. The method of claim 39 wherein step a) comprises:
- a1) transforming the received signal from a first domain to a second domain;
  
  a2) multiplying the received signal in the second domain by the reference up chirp;
  
  a3) multiplying the received signal in the second domain by the reference down chirp;
  
  a4) inverse transforming a result of step a2) from the second domain to the first domain; and
  
  , a5) inverse transforming a result of step a3) from the second domain to the first domain.
60. The method of claim 59 wherein step a) further comprises:
- a) detecting a T_up-peakcorrelation value between the pilot up chirp and the reference up chirp and a T_down-peakcorrelation value between the pilot down chirp and the reference down chirp from results of steps a4) and a5).
61. The method of claim 39 wherein step a) comprises:
- a1) complex transforming the received signal from a first domain to a second domain;
  
  a2) multiplying the received signal in the second domain by the reference up chirp;
  
  a3) multiplying the received signal in the second domain by the reference down chirp;
  
  a4) inverse complex transforming a result of step a2) from the second domain to the first domain; and
  
  , a5) inverse complex transforming a result of step a3) from the second domain to the first domain.
62. The method of claim 39 wherein the received signal includes data, and wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are concurrent with the data.
63. The method of claim 62 wherein the pilot up chirp and the pilot down chirp are substantially continuous in the received signal.

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Current Assignee
Zenith Electronics Corporation (LG Corporation)
Original Assignee
Zenith Electronics Corporation (LG Corporation)
Inventors
Halozan, Scott F., Citta, Richard W.
Primary Examiner(s)
Chin, Stephen
Assistant Examiner(s)
Fan, Chieh M.

Application Number

US09/108,433
Time in Patent Office

1,203 Days
Field of Search

375/139, 375/343, 375/340, 375/354, 375/362, 375/364, 370/501, 370/510, 348/614
US Class Current

375/343
CPC Class Codes

H04B 1/69 Spread spectrum techniques

Receiver synchronizer

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Receiver synchronizer

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