System for locating implantable medical device

• US 6,305,381 B1
• Filed: 01/29/1999
• Issued: 10/23/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Michael J. Jaro
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Goblish, Todd, Werder, Jon, Bakx, Marty, Haller, Markus, Leinders, Robert, Weijand, Koen J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lacyk, John P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): CARTER, RYAN CHRISTOPHER
• Application Number:
  US09/239,306
• Time in Patent Office: 998 Days
• Field of Search: 128/897-899, 600/424, 607/154
• US Class Current: 128/899
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3523 using telemetric means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/045 for filling, e.g. for filling reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/427 Locating point where body is to be pierced, e.g. vein location means using ultrasonic waves, injection site templates

Abstract

A system and method for locating an implantable medical device. The system consists of a flat “pancake” antenna coil positioned concentric with the implantable medical device target, e.g. the drug reservoir septum. The system further features a three location antenna array which is separate from the implantable device and external to the patient. The antenna array features three or more separate antennas which are used to sense the energy emitted from the implanted antenna coil. The system further features a processor to process the energy ducted by the antenna array. The system senses the proximity to the implant coil and, thus, the implant device by determining when an equal amount of energy is present in each of the antennas of the antenna array and if each such ducted energy is greater than a predetermined minimum. When such a condition is met, the antenna array is aligned with the implant coil. Thus the needle port through the antenna array is lined up with the septum of the drug reservoir. Alternative embodiments are further disclosed in which the processor and antenna array are positioned within the implanted device while the coil is external to the patient.

Claims

1. A system for locating an implantable medical device, comprising:

the implantable device, the device comprising;

a transmitter capable of generating output signals;

a coil array comprising a first receiving coil, a second receiving coil and a third receiving coil, the coils emitting sensed signals in response to receiving at least portions of the output signals, and

a processor operably coupled to the first, second and third coils to receive the sensed signals, the processor determining the respective levels of energy sensed by the first, second and third coils, the processor intermittently determining the level of energy received by the first, second and third receiving coils, the processor further comprising means for determining whether the level of energy sensed by the first coil, the second coil or the third coil exceeds a predetermined threshold level.

7. A system according to claim either of claims 1 or 2, wherein the processor further comprises means for determining whether the respective levels of energy sensed by the individual coils are substantially the same.

8. A system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the implantable device comprises a drug delivery device, the drug delivery device comprising a drug reservoir, the drug reservoir comprising a drug reservoir septum through which the drug reservoir may be refilled.

2. A system for locating an imlantable medical device, comprising:

the implantable device, the device comprising;

transmitter capable of generating output signals;

a coil array comprising a first receiving coil and a second receiving coil, the coils emitting sensed signals in response to receiving at least portions of the output signals, and

a processor operably coupled to the first and second coils to receive the sensed signals, the processor determining the respective levels of energy sensed by the first and second coils, the processor intermittently determining the level of energy received by the first and second receiving coils, the processor further comprising means for determining whether the level of energy sensed by the first coil or the second coil exceeds a predetermined threshold level.

3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the coil array further comprises means for signaling the direction of the transmitter relative to the coil array.

4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the means for direction signaling is operably coupled to the processor, the processor further comprising means for selectively activating the signaling means.

5. A system according to claim 4, wherein the signaling means comprises a series of illuminated arrows.

6. A system according to claim 5, wherein the illuminated arrows comprise a tail portion and a head portion, the head portion being separately illuminable from the tail portion.

9. A method of locating an implantable medical device comprising a transmitter configured to transmit output signals therefrom and a plurality of receiving antennae configured in an array, the receiving antennae being configured to receive at least portions of the output signals, the receiving antennae further being operably connected to at least one processor configured to receive at least portions of the output signals and the process such signals, the method comprising:

transmitting output signals from the transmitter;

moving the array along an exterior surface of a patient;

determining the relative levels of energy received by the individual antennae in the array;

determining whether the levels of energy received by the individual antennae are substantially the same; and

upon determining that the levels of energy received by the individual antennae are substantially the same, emitting a device location signal to an operator.

10. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein emitting a device location signal further comprises emitting a light signal.

11. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein emitting the device location signal commences upon a telemetry signal being received by the implantable device.

12. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein emitting the device location signal emitting energy further comprises activating an implant coil in the implantable medical device to transmit energy at a known frequency.

13. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein determining that the levels of energy received by the individual antennae are substantially the same further comprises determining if the energy levels received by the individual antennae exceeds a predetermined minimum level.

14. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 13, further comprising emitting an operating range signal.

15. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein emitting the device location signal further comprises emitting a sound.

16. A method of locating an implantable device according to claim 9, further comprising providing a tactile feedback member to the array, the tactile feedback member being configured to provide a feedback output signal comprising at least a first feedback signal and a second feedback signal and, when the device location signal is emitted, changing the feedback outback signal from the first feedback signal to the second feedback signal.

17. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein the second feedback signal is a null signal.

18. A method of locating an implantable medical device according to claim 9, wherein the first feedback signal is a null signal.