Therapeutic treatment and prevention of infections with a bioactive materials encapsulated within a biodegradable-biocompatible polymeric matrix

• US 6,309,669 B1
• Filed: 01/27/1997
• Issued: 10/30/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/1984
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: The United States of America As Represented By The Secretary of Agriculture
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Brown, William, Jarboe, Daniel L., Reid, Robert H., Boedeker, Edgar C., Cassels, Frederick, Van Hamont, John E., McQueen, Charles E., Friden, Phil, Jeyanthi, Ramasubbu, Tice, Thomas R., Thies, Curt, Setterstrom, Jean A., Roberts, F. Donald, Jacob, Elliot
• Primary Examiner(s): Harrison, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US08/789,734
• Time in Patent Office: 1,737 Days
• Field of Search: 424/78.17, 424/78.08, 424/422, 424/423, 424/424, 424/425, 424/484, 424/486, 514/2, 514/772.6
• US Class Current: 424/486
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2039/545 characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2039/55505 Inorganic adjuvants
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2039/55555 Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2300/00 Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/09 Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH] , i.e. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]; Related peptides
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 38/1729 Cationic antimicrobial peptides, e.g. defensins
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 39/00 Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies materials for immunoassay G01N33/53
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 39/0258 Escherichia
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 39/12 Viral antigens
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 39/292 Serum hepatitis virus, hepatitis B virus, e.g. Australia antigen
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1611 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1617 Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1635 obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1641 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/1647 Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/5026 obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/5031 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
• CPC Class Codes: C12N 2730/10134 Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/30 Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Abstract

Novel burst-free, sustained release biocompatible and biodegrable microcapsules which can be programmed to release their active core for variable durations ranging from 1-100 days in an aqueous physiological environment. The microcapsules are comprised of a core of polypeptide or other biologically active agent encapsulated in a matrix of poly(lactide/glycolide) copolymer, which may contain a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, as a blend of upcapped free carboxyl end group and end-capped forms ranging in ratios from 100/0 to 1/99.

Claims

1. A controlled release microcapsule phamaceutical formulation for burst-free, sustained, programmable release of a biologically active agent over a duration from 1-100 days, comprising an active agent encapsulated within a biodegradable poly(lactide/glycolide) having a lactide/glycolide ratio of 90/10 to 40/60 and the uncapped/end capped form of said poly(lactide/glycolide) in the ratio of 100/0 to 1/99, wherein the poly(lactide/glycolide) may contain a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the copolymer (lactide to glycolide L/G) ratio for uncapped and end-capped polymer is 48/52 to 52/48.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the molecular weight of the poly(lactide/glycolide) is between 2,000-60,000 daltons.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the active material is a biologically active agent.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of antibacterial agents;

peptides;

polypeptides;

antibacterial peptides;

antimycobacterial agents;

antimycotic agents;

antiviral agents;

antiparastic agents;

antifungal;

hormonal peptides;

hormonal peptides;

cardiovascular agents;

narcotic antagonists;

analgesics;

anesthetics;

insulins;

steroids;

HIV therapeutic drugs;

protease inhibitors;

AZT;

estrogens;

progestins;

gastrointestinal therapeutic agents;

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents;

parasympathoimetic agents;

psychotherapeutic agents;

tranquilizers;

decongestants;

sedative-hypnotics;

non-estrogenic and non-progestional steroids;

sympathomimetic agents;

vaccines;

vitamins;

nutrients;

anti-migraine drugs;

electrolyte replacements;

ergot alkaloids;

anti-inflammary agents;

prostaglandins;

cytotoxic drugs;

antigens;

antibodies;

enzymes;

growth factors;

immunomodulators;

pheromones;

prodrugs;

psychotropic drugs;

nicotine;

antiblood clotting drugs;

appetite suppressants/stimulants and combinations thereof;

contraceptive agents;

estrogens;

diethyl silbestrol;

17-beta-estradiol;

estrone;

ethinyl estradiol;

mestranol;

progestins;

norethindrone;

norgestryl;

ethynodiol diacetate;

lynestrenol;

medroxyprogesterone acetate;

dimethisterone;

megestrol acetate;

chlormadinone acetate;

norgestimate;

norethisterone;

ethisterone;

melentate;

melengestrol;

norethynodrel;

spermicidal compounds;

nonyphenoxypolyoxyethylene glycol;

benzethonium chloride;

chlorindanol;

gastrointestinal therapeutic agents;

aluminum hydroxide;

calcium carbonate;

magnesium carbonate;

sodium carbonate and the like;

non-steroidal antifertility agents;

parasympathomimetic agents;

psychotherapeutic agents;

major tranquilizers;

chloropromaquine HCL;

clozapine;

mesoridazine;

metiapine;

reserpine;

thioridazine;

minor tranquilizers;

chlordiazepoxide;

diazepam;

meprobamate;

temazepam and the like;

rhinological decongestants;

sedative-hypnotics;

codeine;

phenobarbital;

sodium pentobarbital;

sodium secobarbital;

other steroids;

testosterone;

testosterone propionate;

sulfonmides;

sympathomimetic agents;

vaccines;

vitamins and nutrient;

the essential amino acids;

essential fats;

anti-HIV agents;

including AZT;

antimalarials;

4-aminoquinolines;

8 aminoquinolines;

pyrimethamine;

anti-migraine agents;

mazindol;

phentermine;

anti-Parkinson agents;

L-dopa;

antispasmodics;

atropine;

methscopolamine bromide;

antispasmodics and anticholingeric agents;

bile therapy;

digestants;

enzymes and the like;

antitussives;

dextromethorphan and noscapine;

bronchodilators;

anti-hypertensive compounds;

Rauwolfia alkaloids;

coronary vasodilators;

nitroglycerin;

organic nitrites;

pentaerythriotetranitrate;

electrolyte replacements;

potassium chloride;

ergotalkaloids;

ergotamine with and without caffein;

hydrogenated ergot alkaloids;

dihydroergocristine methanesulfate;

dihydroergocornine methanesulfonate;

dihydroergokroyptine methaneusulfate and combinations thereof;

alkaloids;

atropine sulfate;

Belladonna;

hyoscine hydrobromide;

analgesics;

narcotics;

codeine;

dihydrocodienone;

meperidine;

morphine;

non-narcotics;

salicylates;

aspirin;

acetaminophen;

d-propoxyphene;

antibiotics;

cephalosporins;

ceflacor;

cefuroxime;

chloranphenical;

gentamicin;

Kanamycin A.;

Kanamycin B;

penicillins;

ampicillin;

amoxicillin;

streptomycin A;

antimycin A;

chloropamtheniol;

metromidazole;

oxytetracycline penicillin G;

tetracyclines;

minocycline;

fluoro-quinolones;

ciprofloxacin;

ofoxacin;

macrolides;

clarithromycin;

frythromycin;

aminioglycosides;

gentamicin;

amikacin;

tobramycin;

kanamycin;

beta-lactams;

ampacillin;

polymyxin-B;

amphotercin-B;

aztrofonam;

chloramphenicol;

fusidans;

lincosamides;

metronidazole;

nitro-furantion;

imipenem/cilastin;

quinolones;

systemic antibodies;

rifampin;

polygenes;

sulfunamides;

trimethoprim;

glycopeptides;

vancomycin;

teicoplanin and imidazoles;

anti-cancer agents;

anti-kaposi'"'"'s sarcoma;

anti-convulsants;

mephenytoin;

phenobarbital;

trimethadione;

anti-emetics;

triethylperazine;

antihistamines;

chlorophinazine;

dimenhydrinate;

diphenhydramine;

perphenazine;

tripelennamine and the like;

anti-inflammatory agents;

hormonal agents;

hydrocortisone;

prednisolone;

prednisone;

non-hormonal agents;

allopurinol;

for claims water-soluble hormone drugs;

antibiotics;

antitumor agents;

antipyretics;

analgesics;

expectorants;

sedatives;

muscle relaxants;

antiepileptics;

anticulcer agents;

antidepressants;

antiallergic drugs;

cardiotonics;

antiarrhythmic drugs;

vasodilators;

antihypertensives;

diuretics;

anticoagulants; and

antinarcotics;

in the molecular weight range of 100-100,000 daltons;

indomethacin;

phenylbutazone;

prostaglandins;

cytotoxic drugs;

thiotepa;

chloramucil;

cyclophosphamide;

melphala;

nitrogen mustard;

methotrexate;

antigens;

proteins;

glycoproteins;

synthetic peptides;

carbohydrates;

synthetic polysaccharides;

lipids;

glycolipids;

lipopolysaccharides(LPS);

synthetic lipopolysaccharides and with or without attached adjuvants of synthetic muramyl dipeptide;

antigens of such microorganisms as Neisseria gonorrhea;

Mycobacterium tuberculosis;

Picarinii Pnfumonia;

Herpes virus (humonis types 1 and

     2);

Herpes zoster;

Candidia albicans;

Candida tropicalis;

Trichomonas vaginalis;

Haemophitus vaginalis;

Group B streptoccoccus ecoli;

Microplasma hominis;

Hemophilus ducreyi;

Granuloma inguimale;

Lymphopathia venerum;

Treponema palidum;

Brucela aborus Brucela meitensis Brucela suis;

Brucella canis Campylobacter fetus;

Campylobacer fetus intesinalis;

Leptospira pomona;

Listeria monocytogenes;

Brucella ovis;

Equine herpes virus 1;

Equine arteritis virus;

IBR-IBP virus;

Chlamydia psittaci;

Trichomonas foetus;

Taxoplasma gondii;

Escherichia coli;

Actinobacillus equili;

Salmonella abortus ovis;

Salmonella abortus eui;

Pseudomonas aeruginosa;

Corynebacterium equi;

Corynebacterium pyogenes;

Actinobaccilus seminis;

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium;

Aspergilus fumigatus;

Absidia ramosa;

Trypanosoma equiperdum;

Babesia cabali;

Clostridium tetani;

antibodies which counteract the above microorganisms; and

enzymes including ribonuclease;

neuramidinase;

trypsin;

glycogen phosphorylase;

sperm lactic dehydrogenase;

sperm hyaluronidase;

adenossinetriphosphase;

alkaline phosphatase;

alkaline phospha esterase;

amino peptides;

typsin chymotrypsin amylase;

muramidase;

acrosornal proteinase;

diesterase;

glutamic acid dehydrogense;

succunic and dehydrogenase;

beta-glycophosphatase lipase;

ATP-ase alpha-peptate gamma-glutamyiotranspeptidase;

sterold-beta-ol-dehydrogenase;

DPN-di-aprorase; and

combinations thereof.

6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of antibacterial agents;

antibacterial peptides;

antimycobacterial agents;

antimycotic agents;

antiviral agents;

antiparasitic agents;

antifungal;

hormonal peptides;

cardiovascular agents;

narcotic antagonist;

analgesics;

anesthetics;

vaccines;

insulins;

HIV therapeutic drugs (protease inhibitors);

estrogens;

progestins;

gastrointestinal therapeutic agents;

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents;

parasympathoimetic agents;

psychotherapeutic agents;

tranquilizers;

decongestants;

sedative-hypnotics;

non-estrogenic and non-progestional steroids;

sympathomimetic agents;

vaccines;

vitamins;

nutrients;

anti-malarial compounds;

anti-migraine drugs;

electrolyte replacements;

ergot alkaloids;

analgetics;

non-narcotics;

anti-cancer agents;

anticonvulsants;

anti-emetics;

antihistamines;

anti-inflammary agents;

prostaglandins;

cytotoxic drugs;

antigens;

antibodies;

enzymes;

growth factors;

immunomodulators;

pheromones;

prodrugs;

psychotropic drugs;

appetite suppresants/stimulants; and

combinations thereof.

7. The composition of claim 5 wherein the biologically active agent is a peptide or polypeptide.

8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the biologically active agent is a polypeptide.

9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the molecular weight of the polypeptide is between 1,000-250,000 daltons.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polypeptide is histatin consisting of 12 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 1563 daltons.

11. The composition of claim 9 having analogs of histatin with chain lengths of from 11-24 amino acids of molecular weights from 1,500-3,000 daltons and characterized by the following structures:

1. D S H A K R H H G Y K R K F H E K H H S K R G Y

2. K R H H G Y K R K F H E K H H S H R G Y R

3. K R H H G Y K R K F H E K H H S R

4. R K F H E K H H S H R G Y R

5. A K R H H G Y K R K F H

6. *A K R H H G Y K R K F H

7. K R H H G Y K R K F

*D-amino acid.

12. The composition of claim 1 wherein release profiles of variable rates or durations are achieved by blending uncapped and capped poly(lactide/glycolide) as a cocktail in variable amounts.

13. The composition of claim 1 wherein release of profiles of variable rates or duration are achieved by blending uncapped and capped polymer in different ratios within the same poly(lactide/glycolide).

14. The composition of claim 1 wherein said biodegradable poly(lactide/glycolide) is in an oil phase, and is present in about 1-50% (w/w).

15. The composition of claim 14 wherein a concentration of the active agent is in the range of 0.1 to about 60% (w/w).

16. The composition of claim 15 wherein a ratio of the inner aqueous to oil phases is about 1/4 to 1/40 (v/v).

17. The composition of claim 8 when the polypeptide is histatin and is inactive at a low pH, a pH-stabilizing agent of inorganic salts is added to an inner aqueous phase to maintain biological activity of the released peptide.

18. The composition of claim 8 wherein when the polypeptide is histatin and is inactive at a low pH, a non-ionic surfactant selected from polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers is added to an inner aqueous phase to maintain biological activity of the released polypeptide.

19. The composition of claim 17 wherein placebo spheres loaded with the pH-stabilizing agents are coadministered with polypeptide-loaded spheres to maintain the solution pH around the microcapsules and preserve the biological activity of the released peptide in instances where the addition of pH-stablizing agents in the inner aqueous phase is undesirable for the successful encapsulation of the acid pH sensitive polypeptide.

20. The composition of claim 18 wherein placebo spheres loaded with non-ionic surfactant are coadministered with polypeptide-loaded spheres to maintain biological activity of the released peptide where the addition of non-ionic surfactants in the inner aqueous phase is undesirable for successful encapsulation of the acid pH sensitive polypeptide.

21. The composition of claim 8 wherein the polypeptide is histatin.

22. The composition of claim 21, comprising a capacity to completely release histatin in an aqueous physiological environment within from 1 to 40 days with a 100/0 blend of uncapped and end-capped poly(lactide/glycolide) having a L/G ratio of 48/52 to 52/48, and a molecular weight less than 15,000 daltons.

23. The composition of claim 22 wherein the histatin iscompletely released within 18 to 40 days and the molecular weight of the poly(lactide/glycolide) is within the range of 28,000 to 40,000 daltons.

24. The composition of claim 21 comprising a capacity to release up to 90% of the histatin in an aqueous physiological environment from 28-70 days with a 1/99 blend of uncapped and end-capped poly(lactide/glycolide) having a L/G ratio of 48/52 to 52/48 and a molecular weight range of 10,000-40,000 daltons.

25. The composition of claim 21 comprising a capacity to release up to 80% of histatin in an aqueous physiological environment from 56-100 days with a 1/99 blend of uncapped and end-capped poly(lactide/glycolide) having a L/G ratio of 75/25 and a molecular weight of less than 15,000 daltons.