Method and apparatus for detecting an EAS (electronic article surveillance) marker using wavelet transform signal processing

• US 6,310,963 B1
• Filed: 09/30/1994
• Issued: 10/30/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sensormatic Electronics LLC (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: Sensormatic Electronics Corporation (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Bao, Feng, Erdol, Nurgun
• Primary Examiner(s): Jackson, Timothy M.
• Application Number:
  US08/315,942
• Time in Patent Office: 2,587 Days
• Field of Search: 364/724.1, 364/725, 364/728.03, 382/103, 382/207, 382/208, 382/276, 382/218, 382/278, 340/572, 708/313, 708/314, 708/400, 708/422
• US Class Current: 382/103
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 17/14 Fourier, Walsh or analogous domain transformations , e.g. Laplace, Hilbert, Karhunen-Loeve, transforms for correlation function computation G06F17/156; spectrum analysers G01R23/16
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2218/08 Feature extraction
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2488 Timing issues, e.g. synchronising measures to avoid signal collision, with multiple emitters or a single emitter and receiver

Abstract

Wavelet transform processing is performed on an input signal received at a receiver circuit of an electronic article surveillance (EAS) system. The input signal includes a target signal generated by an EAS marker and also includes correlated high amplitude interference signals. The wavelet transform processing is performed so as to generate from the input signal plural wavelet transform signals having mutually different phases. The wavelet transform is substantially phase invariant with respect to the interference signals and lacks phase invariance with respect to the target signal. Uncorrelated components of the plural phase-diverse wavelet transform signals are identified to detect the target signal.

Claims

1. A method of generating wavelet transform signals having mutually different phases, comprising the steps of:

receiving an input digital signal having a sampling frequency fs;

performing a wavelet transform with respect to the received input digital signal to obtain a wavelet transform signal in a signal band of said input signal;

subsampling said wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a factor of two to obtain a first phase wavelet transform signal having a first phase; and

delaying said wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a sampling period corresponding to said sampling frequency fs and subsampling said delayed signal by a factor of two to obtain a second phase wavelet transform signal having a second phase that is different from said first phase.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said signal band is a low half-band of said input signal.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said input digital signal is a digitized article surveillance signal provided from a receiving circuit of an electronic article surveillance system.

4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of:

processing said first and second phase wavelet transform signals to detect uncorrelated components thereof; and

determining that a target signal generated by an electronic article surveillance marker is present in said input digital signal on the basis of said detected uncorrelated components of said first and second phase wavelet transform signals.

5. Apparatus for generating wavelet transform signals having mutually different phases, comprising:

means for receiving an input digital signal having a sampling frequency fs;

transform means for performing a wavelet transform with respect to the received input digital signal to obtain a wavelet transform signal in a signal band of said input signal;

means for subsampling said wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a factor of two to obtain a first phase wavelet transform signal having a first phase; and

means for delaying said wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a sampling period corresponding to said sampling frequency fs and subsampling said delayed signal by a factor of two to obtain a second phase wavelet transform signal having a second phase that is different from said first phase.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said signal band is a low half-band of said input signal.

7. Apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:

a receiver circuit of an electronic article surveillance system, said receiver circuit for receiving an analog signal that includes a target signal indicative of an electronic article surveillance marker in proximity to said receiver circuit and interference signals that are correlated with said target signal; and

conversion means for converting said analog signal received by said receiver circuit into said input digital signal and supplying said input digital signal to said means for receiving.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said transform means performs said wavelet transform with a basis wavelet selected to match said target signal.

9. Apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:

means for processing said first and second phase wavelet transform signals to detect uncorrelated components thereof; and

means for determining that said target signal is present in said received analog signal on the basis of said detected uncorrelated components of said first and second phase wavelet transform signals.

10. A method of generating wavelet transform signals having mutually different phases, comprising the steps of:

receiving an input digital signal having a sampling frequency fs;

performing a first wavelet transform with respect to the received input digital signal to obtain a first intermediate wavelet transform signal in a signal band of said input signal;

subsampling said first intermediate wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a factor of two to obtain a second intermediate transform signal;

delaying said first intermediate wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a sampling period corresponding to said sampling frequency fs and subsampling said delayed signal by a factor of two to obtain a third intermediate wavelet transform signal, said second and third intermediate wavelet transform signals having mutually different phases;

performing a second wavelet transform with respect to said second intermediate transform signal to obtain a fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal in a subband of said signal band;

subsampling said fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a first output wavelet transform signal having a first phase;

delaying said fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by said sampling period and subsampling said delayed fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a second output wavelet transform signal having a second phase that is different from said first phase;

performing said second wavelet transform with respect to said third intermediate wavelet transform signal to obtain a fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal in said subband of said signal band;

subsampling said fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a third output wavelet transform signal having a third phase that is different from said first and second phases; and

delaying said fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by said sampling period and subsampling said delayed fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a fourth output wavelet transform signal having a fourth phase that is different from said first, second and third phases.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said signal band is a low half-band of said input signal.

12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said subband is a high half-band of said signal band.

13. A method according to claim 10, wherein said input digital signal is a digitized article surveillance signal provided from a receiving circuit of an electronic article surveillance system.

14. A method according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of:

processing said first through fourth output wavelet transform signals to detect uncorrelated components thereof; and

determining that a target signal generated by an electronic article surveillance marker is present in said input digital signal on the basis of said detected uncorrelated components of said first through fourth output wavelet transform signals.

15. A method of performing signal analysis on an input signal which includes a transient target signal that is predictable as to shape but not as to amplitude or time of occurrence and interfering signals correlated with the target signal, comprising the steps of:

performing a wavelet transform on said input signal so as to generate plural wavelet transform signals which have mutually different phases, said wavelet transform being substantially phase invariant with respect to the interfering signals and substantially lacking in phase invariance with respect to the target signal; and

detecting the target signal by amplifying and detecting uncorrelated components of said plural wavelet transform signals.

16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said input signal is a signal received by a receiving circuit of an electronic article surveillance system, and said target signal is generated by an electronic article surveillance marker in response to an interrogation field generated by said electronic article surveillance system.

17. Apparatus for performing signal analysis on an input signal which includes a transient target signal that is predictable as to shape but not as to amplitude or time of occurrence and interfering signals correlated with the target signal, comprising:

wavelet transform means for performing a wavelet transform on said input signal so as to generate plural wavelet transform signals which have mutually different phases, said wavelet transform being substantially phase invariant with respect to the interfering signals and substantially lacking in phase invariance with respect to the target signal, and

detection means for detecting the target signal by amplifying and detecting uncorrelated components of said plural wavelet transform signals.

18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said wavelet transform means and said detection means comprise an integrated circuit digital signal processing device operating under control of a stored program.

19. Apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:

a receiver circuit of an electronic article surveillance system for receiving an analog signal, said target signal being a component of said analog signal and being indicative of an electronic article surveillance marker in proximity to said receiver circuit; and

conversion means for converting said analog signal received by said receiver circuit into a digital signal and for supplying said digital signal to said integrated circuit digital signal processing device as said input signal.

20. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said electronic article surveillance system generates an interrogation field signal that alternates at a predetermined frequency and said target signal comprises a pulse having harmonics of said predetermined frequency, said pulse being generated by said marker in response to said field signal.

21. An electronic article surveillance system comprising:

means for generating and radiating an interrogation signal;

means for receiving an analog signal that includes a target signal formed by an electronic article surveillance marker upon exposure to the radiated interrogation signal and interference signals correlated with the target signal;

analog filter means for filtering the received analog signal;

conversion means for converting the filtered analog signal into a digital signal; and

an integrated circuit signal processing device for receiving said digital signal, said integrated circuit signal processing device being programmed to perform a wavelet transform on the received digital signal.

22. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 21, wherein said digital signal has a sampling frequency fs and said integrated circuit signal processing device is programmed to:

perform said wavelet transform so as to obtain a first intermediate wavelet transform signal in a signal band of said received digital signal;

subsample said first intermediate wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a factor of two to obtain a second intermediate transform signal;

delay said first intermediate wavelet transform signal in said signal band by a sampling period corresponding to said sampling frequency fs;

subsample said delayed first intermediate wavelet signal by a factor of two to obtain a third intermediate wavelet transform signal;

perform a second wavelet transform with respect to said second intermediate transform signal to obtain a fourth intermediate transform signal in a subband of said signal band;

subsample said fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a first final wavelet transform signal having a first phase;

delay said fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by said sampling period;

subsample said delayed fourth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a second final wavelet transform signal having a second phase that is different from said first phase;

perform said second wavelet transform with respect to said third intermediate wavelet transform signal to obtain a fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal in said subband of said signal band;

subsample said fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a third final wavelet transform signal having a third phase that is different from said first and second phases;

delay said fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by said sampling period; and

subsample said delayed fifth intermediate wavelet transform signal by a factor of two to obtain a fourth final wavelet transform signal having a fourth phase that is different from said first, second and third phases.

23. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 22, wherein said integrated circuit signal processing device is programmed to:

perform respective digital filtering of the first through fourth final wavelet transform signals;

perform a respective energy accumulation with respect to each of the digitally filtered first through fourth final wavelet transform signals to form first through fourth energy accumulation signals;

apply a threshold function respectively to each of the first through fourth energy accumulation signals to produce first through fourth comparison signals;

quantify a degree of uncorrelation among the first through fourth comparison signals to generate a discrimination signal; and

compare said discrimination signal to a predetermined detection level;

and further comprising indication means responsive to said integrated signal processing device for indicating detection of said electronic article surveillance marker when said discrimination signal exceeds said predetermined detection level.

24. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 23, wherein said wavelet transforms are performed with basis wavelet selected to match the target signal and said digital filtering of said first through fourth final wavelet transform signals is performed with a filtering algorithm matched to the basis wavelet.

25. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 23, wherein said energy accumulations are performed by calculating a respective moving squared average of each of the filtered first through fourth final wavelet transform signals.

26. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 23, wherein said threshold function is performed by reducing to zero each sample of said energy accumulation signals that is less than a predetermined threshold level.

27. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 22, wherein said first intermediate wavelet transform signal is obtained in a low half-band of said received digital signal.

28. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 27, wherein said fourth and fifth intermediate wavelet transform signals are obtained in an upper half of said low half-band.

29. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 21, wherein said integrated circuit signal processing device is programmed to perform said wavelet transform on said received digital signal so as to generate plural wavelet transform signals which have mutually different phases, said wavelet transform being substantially phase invariant with respect to the interference signals and substantially lacking in phase invariance with respect to the target signal, said integrated circuit signal processing device being further programmed to detect the target signal by amplifying and detecting unrelated components of said plural wavelet transform signals.

30. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 29, wherein said wavelet transform is performed with a basis wavelet selected to match said target signal.

31. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 21, wherein said interrogation signal alternates at a predetermined frequency and said target signal formed by said electronic article surveillance marker comprises a pulse having harmonics of said predetermined frequency.

32. An electronic article surveillance system comprising:

means for generating and radiating an interrogation signal;

means for receiving an analog signal that includes a target signal formed by an electronic article surveillance marker upon exposure to the radiated interrogation signal and interference signals correlated with the target signal;

analog filter means for filtering the received analog signal;

conversion means for converting the filtered analog signal into a digital signal; and

wavelet transform means for performing a wavelet transform on the digital signal.

33. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 32, wherein said wavelet transform means performs said wavelet transform using a basis wavelet that has been selected to match the target signal.

34. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 33, wherein said wavelet transform means includes means for generating from said digital signal plural wavelet transform signals which have mutually different phases.

35. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 34, further comprising detection means for amplifying and detecting uncorrelated components of said plural wavelet transform signals.

36. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 32, further comprising indication means responsive to said detection means for indicating detection of the target signal.

37. An electronic article surveillance system according to claim 32, wherein said interrogation signal alternates at a predetermined frequency and said target signal formed by said electronic article surveillance marker comprises a pulse having harmonics of said predetermined frequency.

38. A method of performing electronic article surveillance, comprising the steps of:

generating and radiating an interrogation signal;

receiving an analog signal that includes a target signal formed by an electronic article surveillance marker upon exposure to the radiated interrogation signal and interference signals correlated with the target signal;

filtering the received analog signal;

converting the filtered analog signal into a digital signal; and

performing a wavelet transform on the received digital signal.

39. A method according to claim 38, wherein said wavelet transform is performed with a basis wavelet that has been selected to match the target signal.

40. A method according to claim 38, wherein said step of performing said wavelet transform includes generating from said digital signal plural wavelet transform signals which have mutually different phases.

41. A method according to claim 40, further comprising the step of amplifying and detecting uncorrelated components of said plural wavelet transform signals.