Use of antiphase signals for predistortion training within an amplifier system

• US 6,313,703 B1
• Filed: 03/02/2000
• Issued: 11/06/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Maxlinear Asia Singapore Pte Ltd. (Maxlinear Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Datum Telegraphic, Inc. (Microchip Technology Incorporated)
• Inventors: Wright, Andrew S., Bennett, Steven J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Benny
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Khanh Van
• Application Number:
  US09/517,702
• Time in Patent Office: 614 Days
• Field of Search: 330/149, 330/151, 330/52, 330/2, 330/136, 330/124 R, 330/295, 455/126
• US Class Current: 330/149
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0294 using vector summing of two or more constant amplitude phase-modulated signals
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3247 using feedback acting on predistortion circuits H03F1/3264 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3231 Adaptive predistortion using phase feedback from the output of the main amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3233 Adaptive predistortion using lookup table, e.g. memory, RAM, ROM, LUT, to generate the predistortion

Abstract

A LINC amplifier of a radio frequency transmitter provides substantially linear amplification from two nonlinear amplifiers by decomposing the original signal into two constant amplitude envelope, phase varying signals, which, when combined, constructively and destructively interfere to re-form the original signal. The output of the LINC amplifier, which is to be transmitted via an antenna, is an amplified form of the original signal. The LINC amplifier uses a digital control mechanism to control and adapt a digital compensation network that directly compensates for the imperfections of the analog RF environment, including the amplifiers. The mechanism monitors the combined amplifier output and adjusts the signal components in order to precisely compensate for any differences in the characteristics of the separate signal paths which would cause the combination not to accurately represent the original signal. The mechanism also corrects the component signals using information which can be applied to the amplifiers independent of the signal to be transmitted.

Claims

1. A method of powering up an amplifier system having first and second amplification chains, wherein signal outputs of the first and second amplification chains are combined to produce an output transmission signal, the method comprising:

(a) applying a first signal to the first amplification chain and a second signal to the second amplification chain, wherein the first and second signals are substantially in antiphase to inhibit emissions from an antenna;

(b) adaptively predistorting the first and second signals until a desired level of balance is reached between the first and second amplification chains;

(c) increasing amplification power levels of the first and second amplification chains by an incremental amount and repeating (b); and

(d) repeating (c) until an operational power level is reached.

2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the incremental amount is selected so as to maintain unwanted emissions within a predefined level during power up of the amplifier system.

3. The method as in claim 1, further comprising performing a calibration process to determine and record amplifier control signal levels for adjusting the amplifier power levels in (c) in lock step.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein (a) comprises varying the frequencies of the first and second signals to train the first and second amplification chains over a range of frequencies.

5. A method of powering down an amplifier system having first and second amplification chains, wherein signal outputs of the first and second amplification chains are combined to produce an output transmission signal, the method comprising:

(a) applying a first signal to the first amplification chain and a second signal to the second amplification chain, wherein the first and second signals are substantially in antiphase to inhibit emissions;

(b) adaptively predistorting the first and second signals until a desired level of balance is reached between the first and second amplification chains;

(c) decreasing amplification power levels of the first and second amplification chains by an incremental amount and repeating (b);

(d) repeating (c) until a selected power level is reached.

6. The method as in claim 5, wherein the incremental amount is selected so as to maintain unwanted emissions within a predefined level during power down of the amplifier system.

7. The method as in claim 5, further comprising performing a calibration process to determine and record amplifier control signal levels for adjusting the amplifier power levels in (c) in lock step.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein (a) comprises varying the frequencies of the first and second signals to train the first and second amplification chains over a range of frequencies.

9. The method as in claim 5, wherein the amplifier system is a LINC power amplifier system.

10. A method of training an amplifier system having first and second amplification chains, wherein signal outputs of the first and second amplification chains are combined to produce an output transmission signal, the method comprising:

(a) applying a first signal to the first amplification chain and a second signal to the second amplification chain, wherein the first and second signals fall within a first band, and are substantially in antiphase to inhibit emissions;

(b) adaptively predistorting the first and second signals until a desired level of balance is reached between the first and second amplification chains;

(c) increasing the bandwidth of the first and second signals and repeating (b); and

(d) repeating (c) until the first and second signals have a bandwidth spanning a selected second band which encompasses the first band.

11. The method as in claim 10, wherein the first band corresponds to a channel assigned to the amplifier system, and the second band encompasses the assigned channel and at least one adjacent channel.

12. The method as in claim 10, wherein (c) comprises increasing the bandwidth by an increment which is sufficiently small to maintain unwanted emissions below a selected threshold level.

13. The method as in claim 10, wherein the amplifier system is a LINC power amplifier system.

14. A method of changing an operational frequency of an amplifier system having first and second amplification chains, wherein outputs of the first and second amplification chains are combined to produce an output transmission signal, the method comprising:

(a) applying a first signal to the first amplification chain and a second signal to the second amplification chain, wherein the first and second signals fall within a first band, and are substantially in antiphase to inhibit emissions;

(b) adaptively predistorting the first and second signals until a desired level of balance is reached between the first and second amplification chains;

(c) shifting the band of the first and second signals while maintaining said signals substantially in antiphase, and repeating (b); and

(d) repeating (c) until a selected second band is reached.

15. The method as in claim 14, wherein the first band corresponds to a currently assigned operating frequency of the amplifier system, and the second band corresponds to a new operating frequency.

16. The method as in claim 14, wherein (c) comprises shifting the band by an increment which is sufficiently small to maintain unwanted emissions below a selected threshold level.

17. The method as in claim 14, wherein the amplifier system is a LINC power amplifier system.

18. A transmitter comprising:

first and second amplification chains, each amplification chain including a digital compensation signal processor circuit which predistorts a respective signal passed therealong;

an adaptive control processor which adaptively adjusts the digital compensation signal processor circuits to balance the first and second amplification chains;

a combiner circuit coupled to outputs of the first and second amplification chains such that signals amplified along the first and second amplification chains are combined for transmission; and

a signal generator circuit that applies training signals to the first and second amplification chains to train the digital compensation signal processor circuits during non-transmission events, wherein the training signals are in antiphase to inhibiting emissions.

19. The transmitter as in claim 18, further comprising a control circuit that ramps up power levels of the first and second amplification chains, during application of the antiphase training signals thereto, while monitoring a level of balance between the amplification chains, to thereby power up the amplification chains while maintaining emissions below a selected threshold level.

20. The transmitter as in claim 19, wherein the control circuit ramps up the power levels in steps that are selected so as to maintain unwanted emissions below the threshold level.

21. The transmitter as in claim 18, further comprising a control circuit that ramps down power levels of the first and second amplification chains, during application of the antiphase training signals thereto, while monitoring a level of balance between the amplification chains, to thereby power down the amplification chains while maintaining emissions below a selected threshold level.

22. The transmitter as in claim 21, wherein the control circuit ramps down the power levels in steps that are selected so as to maintain emissions below the threshold level.

23. The transmitter of claim 18, wherein the signal generator circuit increases a bandwidth of the antiphase training signals over time from a first band to a second band that encompasses the first band to provide narrow-to-wide band training of the digital compensation signal processor circuits.

24. The transmitter of claim 23, wherein the signal generator circuit increases the bandwidth of the antiphase training signals by incremental amounts that are selected so as to maintain emissions below a selected threshold level.

25. The transmitter as in claim 18, wherein the signal generator circuit shifts a band of the antiphase training signals over time to change an operating frequency of the transmitter.

26. The transmitter as in claim 25, wherein the signal generator circuit shifts the band of the antiphase training signals over time by incremental amounts that are selected so as to maintain emissions below a selected threshold level.

27. The transmitter as in claim 18, wherein the signal generator circuit varies the frequencies of the antiphase training signals over time to train the first and second amplification chains over a range of frequencies.

28. The transmitter as in claim 18, further comprising a signal component separator which divides an input transmission signal into first and second component signals having substantially constant amplitudes and varying phases, and which applies the component signals to the first and second amplification chains.