Transponder having directional antennas

• US 6,313,783 B1
• Filed: 08/06/1999
• Issued: 11/06/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Alliedsignal Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Brandao, Ruy C. P., Brandao, Ruy L., Kuntman, Daryal
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E.
• Application Number:
  US09/369,958
• Time in Patent Office: 823 Days
• Field of Search: 342/29-32, 342/36-40, 342/42-51, 342/156, 342/351, 342/417-424
• US Class Current: 342/32
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/76 wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/762 with special measures concerning the radiation pattern, e.g. S.L.S. aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiation patterns, e.g. providing sum and difference patterns, H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/767 Responders; Transponders teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using reflecting targets or active targets F41G3/26
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/781 Secondary Surveillance Radar [SSR] in general
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/782 using multimoding or selective addressing
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/933 of aircraft or spacecraft
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/14 Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction aerial arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00; combinations of different interacting aerial units for giving a desired directional characteristic H01Q21/29; aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiation patterns H01Q25/00

Abstract

A method and apparatus for transmitting a directional reply signals in response to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System and Mode Select signals interrogation signals. Two directional antennas independently acquire an interrogation signal and are connected by means of a configurable switch to a transponder. The antennas may include multiple directional antenna elements.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting directional Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System and Mode Select signals, the method comprising the steps of:

using a first and a second directional antennas to independently acquire an interrogation signal at each of said first and second directional antennas;

determining a directional source of said interrogation signal;

configuring a switch to couple a transponder transmitter to one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting a directional radiation pattern toward said determined directional source of said interrogation signal; and

transmitting said directional radiation pattern.

2. The method recited in claim 1, wherein said interrogation signal comprises an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select format interrogation signal.

3. The method recited in claim 2, wherein said directional radiation pattern comprises a Mode Select waveform.

4. The method recited in claim 3, wherein said directional radiation pattern further comprises a Mode-A identification signal and a Mode-C altitude signal.

5. The method recited in claim 4, wherein said step of using first and second directional antennas to independently acquire an interrogation signal further comprises alternately configuring said switch to acquire said interrogation signal on said first and second directional antennas.

6. The method recited in claim 5, wherein said step of determining a directional source of said interrogation signal is determined using phase interferometry.

7. The method recited in claim 5, wherein:

said first and second directional antennas each comprise a plurality of directional antenna elements; and

said step of determining a directional source of said interrogation signal further comprises determining the relative strength of said interrogation signal acquired by ones of said directional antenna elements.

8. The method recited in claim 7, wherein said step of determining the relative strength of said interrogation signal acquired by ones of said directional antenna elements further comprises determining the relative induced signal amplitudes at each of said directional antenna elements.

9. The method recited in claim 5, further comprising a step of receiving said interrogation signal into a Mode Select transponder receiver coupled to said switch.

10. The method recited in claim 9, wherein said Mode Select waveform further comprises a unique address code.

11. A method for acquiring Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format signals and transmitting directional reply signals in response, the method comprising the steps of:

using a first and second directional antennas to independently acquire an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal at each of first and second directional antennas;

alternately configuring a switch in a first receive mode coupling said first directional antenna to a transponder receiver and in a second receive mode coupling said second antenna to said transponder receiver;

receiving said interrogation signal using said transponder receiver;

determining a vertical directional source of said received interrogation signal;

determining an azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal;

generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal;

configuring said switch to transmit said reply signal in a directional radiation pattern toward said determined vertical and said determined azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal; and

transmitting said directional radiation pattern toward said determined vertical and said determined azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal.

12. The method recited in claim 11, wherein said step of determining a vertical directional source of said received interrogation signal, further comprises comparing the relative signal strength of an acquired interrogation signal at said first directional antenna and at said second directional antenna.

13. The method recited in claim 12, wherein:

said directional antennas comprise a plurality of directional antenna elements; and

said step of determining an azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal further comprises comparing the relative strength of said acquired interrogation signal at different ones of said directional antenna elements.

14. The method recited in claim 12, wherein said step of determining an azimuthal directional source of said received interrogation signal further comprises comparing the phase of said acquired interrogation signal at different ones of said antenna elements using phase interferometry.

15. The method recited in claim 11, wherein said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a Mode Select waveform.

16. The method recited in claim 15, wherein:

said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a control signal; and

said step of configuring a switch further comprises configuring said switch in response to said control signal.

17. The method recited in claim 16, wherein said step of generating an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal further comprises generating a Mode-A identification signal and a Mode-C altitude signal.

18. The method recited in claim 17, wherein:

said Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal is a coded 1030 MHz microwave interrogation signal; and

said Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal is a 1090 MHz microwave reply signal.

19. An airborne directional transponder device for detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, the device comprising:

first and second directional antennas;

a switch coupled to of each said first and second antenna;

a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for receiving and decoding an interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal;

a transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting a signal in response to said received and decoded interrogation signal; and

a transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said response signal toward said relative directional source of said received and decoded interrogation signal.

20. The directional transponder device recited in claim 19, wherein said interrogation signal is an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

21. The directional transponder device recited in claim 20, wherein said circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said interrogation signal acquired at each of said first and second antennas.

22. The directional transponder device recited in claim 21, wherein:

each of said first and second directional antennas further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and

said circuit for determining a relative directional source of a received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements.

23. The directional transponder device recited in claim 21, wherein:

each of said first and second directional antennas further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and

said circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received and decoded interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for comparing the relative phase of said interrogation signal at different ones of said antenna elements using phase interferometry.

24. The directional transponder device recited in claim 20, wherein said first and second directional antennas are spaced apart from one anther.

25. The directional transponder device recited in claim 24, wherein said first and second directional antennas are located on opposing surfaces of a host aircraft.

26. An directional transponder device for monitoring, detecting and responding to Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signals using a pair of directional antennas, each antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, the device comprising:

first and second directional antennas mounted on opposing surfaces of an aircraft;

a switch coupled to each of said antenna elements of each said first and second antenna;

a transponder receiver coupled to said switch for monitoring, receiving and decoding an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal, said receiver including a circuit for determining a relative vertical directional source and a relative azimuthal directional source of a received Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal;

a transponder transmitter coupled to said switch for transmitting an Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format reply signal in response to said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal; and

a transmit and switch control circuit responsive to a signal generated by said transponder transmitter, said transmit and switch control circuit coupled to said switch for coupling said switch to a predetermined one of said antenna elements of a predetermined one of said first and second directional antennas for transmitting said reply signal toward said relative vertical and azimuthal directional source of said received and decoded Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

27. The directional transponder device recited in claim 26, wherein said circuit for determining a relative vertical directional source of said interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said first and second antennas.

28. The directional transponder device recited in claim 27, wherein:

each said directional antenna further comprises a plurality of antenna elements having different but overlapping directional reception and transmission patterns; and

said circuit for determining a relative azimuthal directional source of a received interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements.

29. The directional transponder device recited in claim 28, wherein said circuit for determining the relative signal strength of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements further comprises a circuit for determining the relative induced signal amplitudes at each of said individually addressable directional antenna elements.

30. The directional transponder device recited in claim 29, wherein said switch is coupled to said antenna element determined to have the largest said induced signal amplitude relative to each other of said antenna elements for transmitting said reply signal toward said relative vertical and azimuthal directional source of said received Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System format interrogation signal.

31. The directional transponder device recited in claim 27, wherein:

each said directional antenna further comprises a plurality of antenna elements; and

said circuit for determining a relative azimuthal directional source of a received interrogation signal further comprises a circuit for determining the relative phase of said received interrogation signal acquired at each of said plurality of antenna elements using phase interferometry.