Nitrogen oxide sensor

• US 6,319,377 B1
• Filed: 11/13/1998
• Issued: 11/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/14/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Riken
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Riken
• Inventors: Ono, Takashi, Kunimoto, Akira, Gao, Yunzhi, Yan, Yongtie, Hasei, Masaharu
• Primary Examiner(s): TUNG, TA HSUNG
• Application Number:
  US09/191,109
• Time in Patent Office: 1,103 Days
• Field of Search: 204/293, 204/421-429
• US Class Current: 204/425
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/417 using cells , i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0037 NOx
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

A nitrogen oxide sensor enabled to enhance the measurement concentration of a total of nitrogen oxides by oxidizing or reducing the nitrogen oxides on the surfaces of electrodes in addition to the control of an oxygen concentration by an oxygen pump. An electrode (3a) in a gas chamber (18) constructing an oxygen pumping portion (3) is made of a material (e.g., Pt-3 wt % Rh) having a function to oxidize a nitrogen oxide gas.

Claims

1. A nitrogen oxide sensor comprising:

a gas chamber communicating with an environment to be detected,

an oxygen pumping portion mounted on a solid electrolyte body forming a wall of said chamber for sucking or discharging an oxygen gas electrochemically and including an oxygen pumping electrode in said gas chamber, said oxygen pumping electrode also serving as an NOx converting electrode and comprising an alloy of Pt and 1 to 20 wt. % of Rh;

a NOx gas detecting portion for detecting NOx including a detecting electrode and a counter electrode mounted on a solid electrolyte body separate from that on which said oxygen pumping portion is mounted and either the detecting electrode or the detecting electrode and the counter electrode of said NOx gas detecting portion being arranged in said gas chamber so that at least said detecting electrode faces said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode,

a gas inlet port for introducing a gas to be measured from said environment into said gas chamber and having a diffusion resistance such that NOx is converted in said gas chamber at a voltage of of 1.5 V or lower applied to said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode;

a heating mechanism for keeping said oxygen pumping portion and said NOx gas detecting portion within a predetermined temperature range, and

means for measuring the NOx concentration on a basis of an electromotive force generated between said detecting electrode and said counter electrode.

2. A NOx sensor according to claim 1, further comprising auxiliary oxygen pumping means for controlling the oxygen concentration in said NOx gas detecting portion to a predetermined value within a range of 0.01 to 10%.

3. A NOx sensor according to claim 1, further comprising preliminary oxygen pumping means for oxidizing interference reducing gases including hydrocarbon gases or CO to non-interference gases, in which at least one electrode of said preliminary oxygen pumping means disposed in said gas chamber is arranged in a portion closer to said gas inlet port than said detecting electrode.

4. A NOx sensor according to claim 1, further comprising an oxidizing or reducing catalyzer interposed between said oxygen pumping portion and said NOx gas detecting portion for preventing the converted NOx gas from being reduced or oxidized before it reaches said detecting electrode.

5. A NOx sensor according to claim 1, further comprising a porous body interposed between said NOx converting electrode and said NOx gas detecting electrode.

6. A NOx sensor according to claim 5, wherein said porous body has an electrically high resistance.

7. A NOx sensor according to claim 1, wherein said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode comprises a mixture of said alloy and 5 to 15 wt. % of ZrO₂ particles having a diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 μ

m.

8. A nitrogen oxide sensor comprising:

a gas chamber communicating with an environment to be detected,

an oxygen pumping portion mounted on a solid electrolyte body forming a wall of said chamber for sucking or discharging an oxygen gas electrochemically and including an oxygen pumping electrode in said gas chamber, said oxygen pumping electrode also serving as an NOx converting electrode and comprising an alloy of Pt and 1 to 10 wt. % of Ru;

a NOx gas detecting portion for detecting NOx including a detecting electrode and a counter electrode mounted on a solid electrolyte body separate from that on which said oxygen pumping portion is mounted and either the detecting electrode or the detecting electrode and the counter electrode of said NOx gas detecting portion being arranged in said gas chamber so that at least said detecting electrode faces said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode,

a gas inlet port for introducing a gas to be measured from said environment into said gas chamber and having a diffusion resistance such that NOx is converted in said gas chamber at a voltage of of 1.5 V or lower applied to said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode;

a heating mechanism for keeping said oxygen pumping portion and said NOx gas detecting portion within a predetermined temperature range, and

means for measuring the NOx concentration on a basis of an electromotive force generated between said detecting electrode and said counter electrode.

9. A NOx sensor according to claim 8, wherein said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode consists essentially of Pt, 5 wt. % of Ru, and 3 wt. % of one element selected from the group consisting of Rh, Pd, Ir, Au and Ag.

10. A NOx sensor according to claim 8, wherein said oxygen pumping electrode serving as an NOx converting electrode comprises a mixture of said alloy and 5 to 15 wt. % of ZrO₂ particles having a diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 μ

m.