Optical transmitter

• US 6,320,688 B1
• Filed: 05/11/1998
• Issued: 11/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/20/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: British Telecommunications PLC (BT Group PLC)
• Original Assignee: British Telecommunications PLC (BT Group PLC)
• Inventors: Moodie, David G, Westbrook, Leslie D
• Primary Examiner(s): Pascal, Leslie
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Chau M.
• Application Number:
  US09/068,524
• Time in Patent Office: 1,289 Days
• Field of Search: 359/245, 359/180-189, 359/161, 372/26
• US Class Current: 398/194
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0157 using electro-absorption effects, e.g. Franz-Keldysh [FK] effect or quantum confined stark effect [QCSE]
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/017 Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2203/19 linearised modulation; reduction of harmonic distortions
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0265 Intensity modulators intra-cavity modulators H01S5/0625
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/504 using direct modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/54 Intensity modulation

Abstract

An optical transmitter includes a directly modulated semiconductor laser and a non-linear optical intensity modulator which is connected in series with the output of the laser. High frequency analogue modulating signals are applied both to the laser and to the modulator. The modulator has a transfer characteristic such that it cancels intermodulation distortion in the output from the laser, to give a source with an improved dynamic range. The transmitter is suitable for use in an analogue optical distribution system for cellular radio.

Claims

1. An optical transmitter comprising:

(a) a primary input port for receiving an input signal, said input signal being a high frequency and analogue electrical signal,

(b) a directly modulated semi-conductor laser having a modulation input connected to said primary input port, and

(c) a non-linear optical intensity modulator optically connected in series with an optical output of said laser, said modulator having a modulator port connected to the primary input port, said modulator having a transfer characteristic arranged to cancel at least partially intermodulation distortion in the optical signal output of the laser,

(d) wherein a controlled ratio is set between the amplitudes of the signal applied to the modulation input of the laser and a modulating signal applied to the modulator port of the modulator, and an output of the modulator includes modulation by both said laser and said modulator.

2. A transmitter according to claim 1, in which the modulator is an electroabsorption modulator.

3. A transmitter according to claim 2, in which the electroabsorption modulator is integrated with the semiconductor laser.

4. A transmitter according to claim 1, in which the laser is a DFB laser.

5. A transmitter according to claim 4, in which the laser is a multi-quantum well (MQW) distributed feedback (DFB) laser and the modulator is an MQW electroabsorption modulator.

6. A transmitter according to claim 1, in which the modulator is a Mach-Zehnder device.

7. A transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising a control circuit for actively controlling the modulator to linearise the optical output signal.

8. A transmitter according to claim 7, in which the said control circuit comprises a detector for monitoring the output of the transmitter, and the output of the control circuit is connected to a control input to the modulator and in use applies to the control input a control signal which depends on the output of the detector.

9. A cellular radio system including an analogue optical link between a central station and a remote base station, in which the central station includes an optical transmitter according to claim 1 arranged to generate a modulated optical signal for transmission on the analogue optical link.

10. An optical transmitter according to claim 1, further comprising an attenuator connected between said primary input port and said modulator port of said modulator.

11. An optical transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the output of the modulator includes both modulation distortion applied by said laser and canceling distortion applied by the modulator.

12. A transmitter according to claim 7, wherein the optical output signal is linearized by minimizing third and/or fifth harmonics in the optical output signal.

13. A method of generating an optical signal modulated with an input signal, said input signal being a high frequency analogue electrical signal, said method comprising:

(a) generating an optical signal in a semiconductor laser,

(b) inputting said input signal into said laser and thereby modulating the optical output of said laser with said input signal,

(c) inputting said modulated optical output into a non-linear optical intensity modulator connected in series with said semiconductor laser, said modulator having a transfer characteristic arranged to cancel at least partially intermodulation distortion applied by said laser, and

(d) inputting a signal originating from said input signal into said intensity modulator;

wherein a controlled ratio is set between the amplitudes of the modulating input of said laser and said signal input to said modulator, and the output of the modulator includes modulation applied by both the laser and the modulator.

14. A method according to claim 13, further comprising actively controlling the modulator and thereby linearizing the optical signal.

15. A method according to claim 14, in which the step of actively controlling includes:

i) detecting an optical output of the transmitter; and

ii) varying in dependence upon the said optical output a control input which is applied to the modulator.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the optical signal is linearized by minimizing third and/or fifth harmonics in said optical signal.

17. A method of operating a cellular radio system comprising:

a) at a central station, generating a high frequency analogue optical signal by a method according to claim 13,

b) transmitting the said optical signal over a analogue optical link to a remote base station; and

c) subsequently deriving from said optical signal a radio frequency signal in the electrical domain for radio transmission from the remote base station.

18. A method according to claim 13, wherein said controlled ratio is set by attenuating said input signal and providing the attenuated signal to said modulator.

19. A method according to claim 13, where the output of the modulator includes both modulation distortion applied by said laser and canceling distortion applied by the modulator.

20. A method of generating an optical signal modulated with an input signal, said input signal being a high frequency analogue electrical signal, said method comprising:

(a) generating an optical signal in a semiconductor laser,

(b) inputting said input signal into said laser and thereby modulating the optical output of said laser with said input signal,

(c) inputting said modulated optical output into a non-linear optical intensity modulator connected in series with said semiconductor laser, said modulator having a transfer characteristic arranged to cancel at least partially intermodulation distortion applied by said laser, and

(d) attenuating said input signal by a controlled ratio and inputting said attenuated signal into said intensity modulator;

whereby the output of the modulator includes both modulation applied by the laser and the modulator.

21. A method according to claim 20, wherein said modulator having a transfer characteristic arranged to cancel at least partially intermodulation distortion applied by said laser.

22. A method according to claim 20, wherein the output of the modulator includes both modulation distortion applied by said laser and canceling distortion applied by the modulator.