Chemical sensor array

• US 6,321,588 B1
• Filed: 09/11/1998
• Issued: 11/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Femtometrics, Inc. (BAE Systems Plc)
• Original Assignee: Femtometrics, Inc. (BAE Systems Plc)
• Inventors: Bowers, William D., Bahrami, Frank, Tran, John
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron
• Assistant Examiner(s): WIGGINS, JOHN DAVID
• Application Number:
  US09/151,747
• Time in Patent Office: 1,173 Days
• Field of Search: 73/617.5, 73/614.9, 73/614.5, 73/614.2, 733/350.2, 73/240.5, 73/240.1, 735/92, 736/10, 736/26, 736/28, 73/233.4, 422/88, 422/69, 324/636, 324/727
• US Class Current: 73/24.01
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/014 Resonance or resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0215 Mixtures of three or more gases, e.g. air
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0256 Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0423 Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/106 one or more transducer arrays
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/022 Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices microdevices per se B81B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/226 Handheld or portable devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0006 Calibrating gas analysers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0031 comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array electrochemical electrode arrays G01N27/27
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/24 Earth materials G01N33/42 takes precedence

Abstract

A device for detecting chemical substances includes a plurality of sensors arranged in an array. The sensors are connected to respective oscillator circuits which drive the sensors, and the oscillator circuits are coupled to a power multiplexer which provides the circuits with power according to a timing pattern such that not all of the oscillator circuits are activated at any one time. Preferably, only one oscillator circuit is activated at any given time. This multiplexing arrangement saves power and substantially eliminates cross talk between the oscillator circuits. The oscillator circuits are preferably application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and the sensors are preferably surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. In use, the SAW sensors are exposed to a gas, such as air, containing the chemical substance to be detected. Signals from the SAW sensors are analyzed to identify the chemical substance.

Claims

1. A sensor array for detecting chemical substances, comprising:

a plurality of chemical detection sensors;

a plurality of driver circuits for driving said plurality of detection sensors, respectively;

a power multiplexer electrically coupled to said plurality of driver circuits, said power multiplexer receiving power from a power supply; and

a signal processing unit (SPU) electrically coupled to said plurality of driver circuits and to said multiplexer, said multiplexer responsive to said SPU to electrically couple said plurality of driver circuits to the power supply according to a predetermined timing pattern such that less than all of said detection sensors are powered at any instant in time to substantially eliminate cross talk between adjacent driver circuits.

2. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein said multiplexer comprises a digital switch.

3. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein said timing pattern is such that no more than one of said detection sensors is powered at any instant in time.

4. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein said SPU comprises a reference sensor, a microprocessor, a reference driver circuit for driving said reference sensor, and a mixer, said mixer mixing an output of said reference driver circuit with an output from at least one of said sensor driver circuits to provide a signal to said microprocessor, wherein the signal is indicative of chemical loading on at least one of said detection sensors.

5. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein each of said driver circuits comprises an oscillator circuit in the form of an integrated circuit;

and

wherein said reference sensor and said detection sensors comprise respective SAW devices.

6. The sensor array of claim 5, wherein each of said integrated circuits comprises an ASIC.

7. The sensor array of claim 6, wherein each of said ASICs is a separate, individual chip.

8. The sensor array of claim 6, wherein all of said ASICs are integrated on a single chip.

9. The sensor array of claim 1, further comprising a power supply comprising one or more storage batteries.

10. The sensor array of claim 9, wherein said one or more storage batteries comprises at least one lithium battery.

11. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein said detection sensors are mounted on one side of a circuit board, said plurality of driver circuits comprise at least one integrated circuit disposed on an opposite side of said board, and said detection sensors are electrically coupled to a plurality of respective driver circuits by respective electrical paths.

12. The sensor array of claim 11, wherein said electrical paths extend through said board.

13. The sensor array of claim 11, wherein said electrical paths are no longer than one inch.

14. The sensor array of claim 11, wherein said electrical paths are no longer than one half inch.

15. The sensor array of claim 11, wherein said electrical paths are no longer than one quarter inch.

16. A method of operating a sensor array to sense a chemical substance, said method comprising:

exposing a plurality of SAW sensors to a gas which may contain the chemical substance;

using a plurality of oscillating circuits to drive the plurality of SAW sensors, respectively;

providing electrical power to only one of the plurality of oscillating circuits at a time to substantially eliminate cross talk between adjacent oscillating circuits; and

processing signals from the sensors to detect the chemical substance.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the chemical substance comprises particles.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the chemical substances in the form of an aerosol.

19. The method of claim 16, additionally comprising providing power from the oscillating circuits to the SAW sensors along an electrical path that is no more than about one quarter inch in length.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein said exposing comprises providing a flow of gas containing the chemical substance across respective sensing surfaces of the SAW sensors to load the sensing surfaces with the chemical substance.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the gas comprises air.

22. The method of claim 21, additionally comprising scrubbing the sensing surfaces of the SAW sensors by providing a flow of air through a scrubber material to provide a flow of clean air, and directing the flow of clean air across the sensing surfaces to permit the chemical substance to desorb from the surfaces into the clean air.

23. The method of claim 16, comprising comparing respective outputs from the SAW sensors with an output from a reference SAW sensor.