Sheet material dispensing apparatus and method

• US 6,321,963 B1
• Filed: 02/02/1998
• Issued: 11/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products LP (KOCH Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Fort James Corporation (KOCH Industries Incorporated)
• Inventors: Johnson, Douglas W., Gracyalny, Dale T., Moody, John R., Carpenter, David, Smith, Hugh L., Vish, Ronald J., Johnson, Peter D., Longan, John E., Grasso, Kamala
• Primary Examiner(s): Rachuba, M.
• Application Number:
  US09/017,325
• Time in Patent Office: 1,394 Days
• Field of Search: 242/560, 225/2, 225/16, 225/34, 225/36, 225/39, 225/46, 225/51, 225/67
• US Class Current: 225/2
• CPC Class Codes: A47K 10/3643 by pulling the paper
• CPC Class Codes: A47K 10/3656 with paper jam preventing devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/12 With preliminary weakening
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/18 Progressively to or from one side edge
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/207 Including feed-out stop for manually pulled work
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/211 Manually operated feed-out mechanism
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/232 Plural supply sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/238 With housing for work supply
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/246 Including special support for wound supply package
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/252 With brake or tensioner
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/254 With finger-access opening to facilitate work feed-out
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/27 Movable blade continually biased toward wound web supply package
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/29 Applied to running length work
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/321 Preliminary weakener
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 225/393 Web restrainer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 83/04 Processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 83/896 Rotatable wound package supply

Abstract

A dispensing apparatus and method are disclosed for dispensing sheet material from at least one roll of the sheet material. Dispensing is transferred from a stub roll to a reserve roll automatically in response to sensing a predetermined quantity of the stub roll. An isolating element is provided to lift the reserve roll out of contact with dispensing rollers during dispensing of sheet material from the stub roll, and a nipping element is provided to nip sheet material of the reserve roll when dispensing is transferred from the stub roll to the reserve roll. A cam controls movement of both the isolating element and the nipping element. Structure is also provided for sensing the diameter of the reserve roll of sheet material and providing an indication when the reserve roll is a predetermined diameter. The dispenser is quiet and capacity efficient.

Claims

1. An apparatus for dispensing sheet material from at least one source of sheet material, the apparatus comprising:

a housing defining

an interior including a first section for a first source of sheet material and a second section for a second source of sheet material, and

an outlet though which an end portion of sheet material is dispensed from at least one of the sources;

at least one nipping surface disposed in the housing; and

a nipping element pivotally mounted in the housing so that the nipping element pivots between a first position in which a first portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of sheet material, and a second position in which at least a second portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of sheet material.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one roller disposed in the housing, wherein the nipping surface is on the roller.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of rollers in the housing, wherein the nipping surface is on at least one of the rollers and each of the rollers is mounted in the housing so that the rollers rotate about the same rotational axis.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the nipping element is a plate pivotally mounted in the housing so that the plate pivots between a first position in which an upper portion of the plate is spaced from the nipping surface and a lower portion of the plate and the nipping surface form a nip for an end portion of the sheet material of the first source, and a second position in which the upper and lower portions of the plate and the nipping surface form a nip for at least an end portion of the sheet material of the second source.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one biasing element rotationally biasing the nipping element toward the nipping surface.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first source of sheet material is a roll of sheet material, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a sensor for sensing the diameter of the roll of sheet material, the sensor comprising at least one surface moving in response to a change in diameter of the roll of sheet material.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising at least one cam follower cooperating with the nipping element, the cam follower contacting a cam surface on the sensor to control pivoting of the nipping element between the first and second positions.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cam surface is shaped so that the nipping element pivots from the first position to the second position before all of the sheet material is dispensed from the roll, the second portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface forming a nip for at least the sheet material from the second source when the nipping element is in the second position.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the sensor further comprises a contacting element pivotally mounted in the housing, the contacting element including a contacting surface for contacting the roll when the roll is in the first section of the housing, the cam surface cooperating with the contacting element to move in response to pivoting of the contacting element.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the sensor further comprises a cam element having the cam surface thereon, the cam element being pivotally mounted in the housing and being coupled to the contacting element so that pivotal movement of the contacting element moves the cam element.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the contacting element includes at least one slot and wherein the cam element includes at least one projection extending in the slot to guide movement of the cam element.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising at least one biasing element for biasing the contacting element against the roll when the roll is in the first section of the housing.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one isolating element movably coupled to the housing, the isolating element preventing dispensing of sheet material from the second source until a predetermined amount of sheet material from the first source remains.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one roller disposed in the housing, the nipping surface being on the roller, the second source being a roll of sheet material, and the isolating element being coupled to the nipping element so that the isolating element moves between a first position placing the roll out of contact with the nipping surface of the roller and a second position placing the roll on the nipping surface of the roller.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the isolating element includes at least one slot and wherein the nipping element further comprises at least one projection extending in the slot to control movement of the isolating element.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one guide in proximity to the nipping surface, the guide positioning an end portion of sheet material from the second source such that the end portion of sheet material from the second source is positioned in the nip formed between the nipping surface and the second portion of the nipping element when the nipping element pivots to the second position and outside the nip formed between the nipping surface and the first portion of the nipping element when the nipping element is in the first position.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises a first housing member, a second housing member, and at least one hinge allowing the first housing member to pivot with respect to the second housing member between a closed position and an open position, one of the nipping element and the nipping surface being located in the first housing member and the other of the nipping element and the nipping surface being located in the second housing member such that the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of the sheet material when the first housing member is in the closed position and such that the nip opens when the first housing member is in the open position.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon, and wherein the first housing member is a front cover and wherein the second housing member is a casing, the nipping element being located in the front cover and the roller being located in the casing.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing includes a first elongated slot and a second elongated slot and wherein the nipping element includes a first projection movable in the first slot and a second projection movable in the second slot such that the nipping element is capable of moving axially toward and away from the nipping surface.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising at least one biasing element axially biasing the nipping element toward the nipping surface.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising at least one additional biasing element rotationally biasing the nipping element toward the nipping surface.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one roll of sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material including perforations.

23. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one roll of wound sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material comprising a web of sheet material having two side edges, a terminal end, and an initial end, the sheet material being divided into a plurality of individual sheets by a plurality of perforation tear lines including frangible bonds spaced along the tear line and extending from one edge to the other.

24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outlet has a width narrower than a width of the sheet material of both the first and second sources.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 20% to about 90% of the width of the sheet material.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 55% to about 85% of the width of the sheet material.

27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 65% to about 75% of the width of the sheet material.

28. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the outlet has a width of about 70% of the width of the sheet material.

29. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the closest point on a line extending along an exit end of the nip formed between the first portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface is spaced a distance of from about 0.1 inch to about 3 inches to a point of contact between the sheet material and the edge of the outlet.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said distance is from about 0.8 inch to about 1.1 inches.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said distance is from about 0.9 inch to about 1 inch.

32. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material, and wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one tensioning element for contacting an end of the roll of sheet material, the tensioning element limiting free rotation of the reserve roll of sheet material in the second section to induce tension in sheet material being dispensed from the roll.

33. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material, and wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon and at least one arm for mounting the roll of sheet material in the second section, the arm allowing the roll of sheet material to contact the roller during dispensing of sheet material from the roll.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising a tensioning element on the arm, the tensioning element contacting an end of the roll of sheet material to limit free rotation of the roll of sheet material, a portion of the tensioning element extending beyond the diameter of the roll of sheet material in the vicinity of a point of contact between the roll of sheet material and the roller to limit lateral travel of sheet material dispensed from the roll.

35. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one roller disposed in the housing and a lever pivotally coupled to the housing, the lever cooperating with the roller so that movement of the lever rotates the roller to feed the end portion of sheet material through the outlet.

133. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

a sensor for sensing the amount of sheet material of the first source of sheet material, the sensor comprising at least one cam surface moving in response to a change in size of the first source of sheet material; and

at least one cam follower cooperating with the nipping element, the cam follower contacting the cam surface and the cam surface moving with respect to the cam follower to control movement of the nipping element.

134. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one isolating element movably mounted in the housing, the isolating element moving between a second source isolating position in which the isolating element positions the second source out of contact with the nipping surface and a second source dispensing position placing the second source on the nipping surface.

135. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second section is larger than the first section, and wherein the apparatus further comprises:

a sensor disposed in the housing for sensing the size of the second source while the second source is in the second section; and

an indicator cooperating with the sensor to provide an indication when the size of the second source is small enough to place the second source of sheet material in the first section of the housing interior.

36. An apparatus for dispensing sheet material from at least one source of sheet material, the apparatus comprising:

a housing defining

an interior including a first section for a first source of sheet material and a second section for a second source of sheet material, and

an outlet though which an end portion of sheet material is dispensed from at least one of the sources;

at least one nipping surface disposed in the housing;

a sensor for sensing the amount of sheet material of the first source of sheet material, the sensor comprising at least one cam surface moving in response to a change in size of the first source of sheet material;

a nipping element cooperating with the nipping surface to form a nip between the nipping element and the nipping surface, the nipping element being movably mounted in the housing to move toward and away from the nipping surface; and

at least one cam follower cooperating with the nipping element, the cam follower contacting the cam surface and the cam surface moving with respect to the cam follower to control movement of the nipping element.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising at least one roller disposed in the housing, the nipping surface being on the roller.

38. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising a plurality of rollers in the housing, the nipping surface being on at least one of the rollers and each of the rollers being mounted in the housing so that the rollers rotate about the same rotational axis.

39. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising at least one biasing element for biasing the cam follower toward the cam surface.

40. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the nipping element is movable between a first position and a second position, the nipping element and the nipping surface forming a nip for at least the sheet material of the second source when the nipping element is in the second position, the nip for the sheet material of the second source being opened when the nipping element is in the first position.

41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the cam surface is shaped so that the nipping element moves from the first position to the second position before all of the sheet material is dispensed from the first source.

42. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the sensor further comprises a contacting element pivotally mounted in the housing, the contacting element including a contacting surface for contacting the first source when the first source is in the first section of the housing, the cam surface cooperating with the contacting element to move in response to pivoting of the contacting element.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the sensor further comprises a cam having the cam surface thereon, the cam being movably mounted in the housing and being coupled to the contacting element so that pivotal movement of the contacting element moves the cam.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the contacting element includes at least one slot and wherein the cam includes at least one projection extending in the slot to guide movement of the cam.

45. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising at least one biasing element for biasing the contacting element against the first source when the first source is in the first section of the housing.

46. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising at least one isolating element pivotally coupled to the housing, the isolating element preventing dispensing of sheet material from the second source until a predetermined amount of sheet material from the first source remains.

47. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon, and wherein the isolating element is coupled to the nipping element so that the isolating element moves between a first position placing the second source out of contact with the nipping surface of the roller and a second position placing the second source on the nipping surface of the roller.

48. The apparatus of claim 46, wherein the isolating element includes at least one slot and wherein the nipping element further comprises at least one projection extending in the slot to control movement of the isolating element.

49. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising at least one roll of sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material including perforations.

50. The apparatus of claim 36, further comprising at least one roll of wound sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material comprising a web of sheet material having two side edges, a terminal end, and an initial end, the sheet material being divided into a plurality of individual sheets by a plurality of perforation tear lines including frangible bonds spaced along the tear line and extending from one edge to the other.

51. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the outlet has a width narrower than a width of the sheet material of both the first and second sources.

52. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the nipping element is a plate pivotally mounted in the housing.

53. An apparatus for dispensing sheet material from at least one source of sheet material, the apparatus comprising:

a housing defining

an interior including a first section for a first source of sheet material and a second section for a second source of sheet material, and

an outlet though which an end portion of sheet material is dispensed from at least one of the sources;

at least one nipping surface disposed in the housing;

a nipping element disposed in the housing, the nipping element cooperating with the nipping surface to form a nip for passage of the sheet material; and

at least one isolating element movably mounted in the housing, the isolating element moving between a second source isolating position in which the isolating element positions the second source out of contact with the nipping surface and a second source dispensing position placing the second source on the nipping surface.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising at least one roller disposed in the housing, the nipping surface being on the roller.

55. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising a plurality of rollers in the housing, the nipping surface being on at least one of the rollers and each of the rollers being mounted in the housing so that the rollers rotate about the same rotational axis.

56. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the nipping element is movably mounted in the housing so that the nipping element moves between a first position and a second position, the nipping element and the nipping surface forming a nip for at least the sheet material of the second source when the nipping element is in the second position, the nip for the sheet material of the second source being opened when the nipping element is in the first position.

57. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the isolating element is coupled to the nipping element so that the isolating element pivots from the second source isolating position to the second source dispensing position when the nipping element moves from the first position to the second position.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the isolating element includes at least one slot and wherein the nipping element further comprises at least one projection extending in the slot to control movement of the isolating element.

59. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising a sensor for sensing the amount of sheet material of the first source of sheet material, the isolating element being coupled to the sensor so that the isolating element pivots from the second source isolating position to the second source dispensing position before all of the sheet material has been dispensed from the first source.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the sensor comprises a contacting element pivotally mounted in the housing, the contacting element including a contacting surface for contacting the first source when the first source is in the first section of the housing.

61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the sensor comprises a movable cam having at least one cam surface thereon, and wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one cam follower cooperating with the isolating element, the cam follower contacting the cam surface to control movement of the isolating element.

62. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material, and wherein apparatus further comprises a roller having the nipping surface thereon, the isolating element being positioned under the roll when the roll is in the second section of the housing, the isolating element lifting the roll from the nipping surface of the roller when the isolating element is in the second source isolating position.

63. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising at least one roll of sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material including perforations.

64. The apparatus of claim 53, further comprising at least one roll of wound sheet material for being placed in one of the first section and the second section, the sheet material comprising a web of sheet material having two side edges, a terminal end, and an initial end, the sheet material being divided into a plurality of individual sheets by of perforation tear lines including frangible bonds spaced along the tear line and extending from one edge to the other.

65. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the outlet has a width narrower than a width of the sheet material of both the first and second sources.

66. A method of dispensing sheet material from a dispenser comprising a housing, at least one nipping surface, and a movable nipping element, the housing defining an interior including a first section accommodating a first source of sheet material and a second section accommodating a second source of sheet material, and an outlet, the method comprising the steps of:

dispensing sheet material from the first source, the dispensing comprising passing an end portion of sheet material from the first source through a nip formed between the nipping element and the nipping surface and through the outlet;

moving the nipping element with respect to the nipping surface to place an end portion of sheet material from the second source in the nip formed between the nipping element and the nipping surface; and

dispensing sheet material from the second source, the dispensing of sheet material from the second source including passing the end portion of the sheet material from the second source through the nip and through the outlet.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the first source comprises dispensing sheet material from a stub roll of sheet material and wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the second source comprises dispensing sheet material from a reserve roll of sheet material.

68. The method of claim 66, wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the second source occurs before all of the sheet material is dispensed from the first source.

69. The method of claim 66, wherein the moving of the nipping element further comprises pivoting the nipping element between a first position in which a first portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of sheet material from the first source and a second position in which at least a second portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for at least the end portion of sheet material from the second source.

70. The method of claim 66, wherein the nipping element is a plate, and wherein the moving of the nipping element further comprises pivoting the plate from a first position, in which a first portion of the plate is spaced from the nipping surface and a second portion of the plate and the nipping surface form a nip, and a second position, in which the first and second portions of the plate and the nipping surface form a nip.

71. The method of claim 66, further comprising rotationally biasing the nipping element toward the nipping surface.

72. The method of claim 66, further comprising axially biasing the nipping element toward the nipping surface.

73. The method of claim 66, further comprising sensing the size of the first source of sheet material, and wherein the moving step further comprises moving the nipping element when a predetermined size of the first source is sensed.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the dispenser further comprises a cam surface and a cam follower, and wherein the method further comprises moving the cam surface with respect to the cam follower to control movement of the nipping element.

75. The method of claim 74, further comprising the step of biasing the cam follower toward the cam surface.

76. The method of claim 74, wherein the dispenser further comprises a contacting element contacting the first source, and wherein the method further comprises moving the contacting element when sheet material is dispensed from the first source and moving the cam surface in response to movement of the contacting element.

77. The method of claim 76, further comprising biasing the contacting element against the first source.

78. The method of claim 66, wherein the method further comprises the step of placing the second source out of contact with the nipping surface during at least a portion of the dispensing of sheet material from the second source and placing the second source on the nipping surface during the dispensing of sheet material from the second source.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material and wherein the dispenser further comprises a roll isolating element and at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon, the method further comprises moving the isolating element between a first position in which the isolating element moves the roll out of contact with the roller and a second position in which the roll is on the roller.

80. The method of claim 66, further comprising the step of positioning the end portion of sheet material from the second source so that the end portion of sheet material from the second source is placed in the nip formed between the nipping element and the nipping surface when the nipping element moves to the second position.

81. The method of claim 66, wherein the housing comprises a first housing member, a second housing member, and at least one hinge allowing the first housing member to pivot with respect to the second housing member, and wherein the method further comprises the steps of pivoting the first housing member with respect to the second housing member to place the first housing member in an open position allowing access to the interior of the housing and pivoting the first housing member with respect to the second housing member to place the first housing member in a closed position limiting access to the interior of the housing, the nip formed between the nipping element and the nipping surface being open when the first housing member is in the open position.

82. The method of claim 66, wherein the dispenser further comprises at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon, and wherein the method further comprises rotating the roller during the dispensing of sheet material from the first source and during the dispensing of sheet material from the second source.

83. The method of claim 82, wherein the dispenser further comprises a lever cooperating with the roller and wherein the step of rotating the roller further comprises moving the lever.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein the first source is a stub roll of sheet material and wherein the method further comprises the steps of pivoting the lever to allow access to the first portion of the housing and removing an unused portion of the stub roll from the first portion of the housing.

85. The method of claim 66, wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the first source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the first source, and wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the second source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the second source.

86. The method of claim 85, wherein the outlet has a width less than a width of sheet material of the first and second sources, and wherein the method further comprises inducing tension forces in the sheet material at the outlet when the sheet material is pulled.

87. The method of claim 85, wherein the sheet material of both the first and second sources includes perforation tear lines, and wherein the method further comprises separating a sheet of material from the sheet material by tearing the sheet material along one of the perforation tear lines.

88. The method of claim 66, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material and wherein the method further comprises the step of limiting free rotation of the roll during the dispensing of sheet material from the roll.

89. A method of dispensing sheet material from a dispenser comprising a housing, at least one nipping surface, and a nipping element, the housing defining an interior including a first section accommodating a first source of sheet material and a second section accommodating a second source of sheet material, and an outlet, the method comprising the steps of:

positioning the second source out of contact with the nipping surface;

dispensing sheet material from the first source, the dispensing comprising passing an end portion of sheet material from the first source through a nip formed between the nipping element and the nipping surface and through the outlet;

sensing the quantity of the first source;

placing the second source on the nipping surface when a predetermined quantity of the first source is sensed; and

dispensing sheet material from the second source, the dispensing of sheet material from the second source comprising passing an end portion of sheet material from the second source through the nip and through the outlet.

90. The method of claim 89, wherein the first source is a stub roll of sheet material and the second source is a reserve roll of sheet material, and wherein the step of sensing the quantity of the first source comprises sensing the diameter of the stub roll of sheet material.

91. The method of claim 89, further comprising the step of moving the nipping element, when the predetermined quantity of the first source is sensed, from a first position, in which a first portion of the nipping element cooperates with the nipping surface to form the nip, to a second position, in which at least a second portion of the nipping element cooperates with the nipping surface to form the nip.

92. The method of claim 89, wherein the dispenser further comprises at least one roller having the nipping surface thereon, and wherein the method further comprises rotating the roller during the dispensing of sheet material from the first source and during the dispensing of sheet material from the second source.

93. The method of claim 92, wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the first source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the first source to rotate the roller, and wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the second source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the reserve roll to rotate the roller.

94. The method of claim 92, wherein the dispenser further comprises a lever cooperating with the roller, wherein the step of dispensing the sheet material from the first source and the step of dispensing sheet material from the second source comprise moving the lever to rotate the roller.

95. The method of claim 94, wherein the first source is a stub roll of sheet material and wherein the method further comprises the steps of pivoting the lever to allow access to the first portion of the housing and removing an unused portion of the stub roll from the first portion of the housing.

96. The method of claim 89, wherein the dispenser further comprises a cam surface and a cam follower, and wherein the method further comprises moving the cam surface with respect to the cam follower to control placement of the second source on the nipping surface.

97. The method of claim 96, further comprising biasing the cam follower toward the cam surface.

98. The method of claim 96, wherein the dispenser further comprises a contacting element contacting the first source, and wherein the method further comprises moving the contacting element when sheet material is dispensed from the first source and moving the cam surface in response to movement of the contacting element.

99. The method of claim 98, further comprising the step of biasing the contacting element against the outer portion of the first source.

100. The method of claim 89, wherein the second source is placed on the nipping surface before all of the sheet material is dispensed from the first source.

101. The method of claim 91, further comprising the step of positioning a terminal end of sheet material from the second source so that the end portion of sheet material from the second source is placed in the nip formed between the nipping surface and the nipping element when the nipping element moves to the second position.

102. The method of claim 89, wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the first source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the first source, and wherein the dispensing of sheet material from the second source further comprises pulling the end portion of sheet material from the second source.

103. The method of claim 102, wherein the outlet has a width less than a width of sheet material of the first and second sources, and wherein the method further comprises inducing tension forces in the sheet material at the outlet when the sheet material is pulled.

104. The method of claim 102, wherein the sheet material of both the first and second sources includes perforation tear lines, and wherein the method further comprises separating a sheet of material from the sheet material by tearing the sheet material along one of the perforation tear lines.

105. The method of claim 89, wherein the second source is a roll of sheet material and wherein the method further comprises the step of limiting free rotation of the roll during the dispensing of sheet material from the second source.

106. The method of claim 89, wherein the housing comprises a first housing member and a second housing member movable with respect to the first housing member between a closed position limiting access to the interior of the housing and an open position allowing access to the interior of the housing, and wherein the step of positioning the second source out of contact with the nipping surface further comprises placing the second housing member in the open position to open the nip and placing the second housing member in the closed position to place sheet material from the first source in the nip.

107. The method of claim 89, wherein the housing comprises a first housing member and a second housing member movable with respect to the first housing member between a closed position limiting access to the interior of the housing and an open position allowing access to the interior of the housing, and wherein the step of positioning the second source out of contact with the nipping surface further comprises placing the second housing member in the closed position and isolating the second source out of contact with the nipping surface when the second housing member is placed in the closed position.

108. A method of dispensing sheet material from a dispenser comprising

a housing defining

an interior including a first section for a source of sheet material and a second section for the source of sheet material, the second section being larger than the first section, and

an outlet through which the sheet material is dispensed, the method comprising the steps of:

dispensing the sheet material of the source from the housing while the source is in the second section, the dispensing comprising passing the sheet material of the source through the outlet;

sensing the quantity of the source of sheet material in the second section; and

providing an indication when the quantity of the source in the second section is small enough to place the source of sheet material in the first section of the housing interior.

109. The method of claim 108, wherein the indication is provided before all of the sheet material of the second source is dispensed from the housing.

110. The method of claim 108, wherein the providing of the indication includes passing at least a portion of an indicator through an opening in the housing.

111. The method of claim 110, wherein the housing comprises a first housing member, a second housing member, and at least one hinge member allowing the first housing member to pivot with respect to the second housing member between a closed position limiting access to the interior of the housing and an open position allowing access to the interior of the housing to replenish the sheet material in the interior of the housing, and wherein the method further comprises moving the first housing member to the open position after the portion of the indicator passes through the opening in the housing and resetting the indicator so that the portion of the indicator is within the housing.

112. The method of claim 108, wherein the source of sheet material is a reserve roll of sheet material when the source is in the second section, and wherein the sensing comprises sensing the diameter of the reserve roll of sheet material.

113. The method of claim 108, wherein the dispenser further comprises at least one nipping surface and a nipping element in the housing, the nipping element cooperating with the nipping surface to form a nip for the sheet material, and wherein the dispensing further comprises passing the sheet material through the nip.

114. The method of claim 108, wherein the dispensing of sheet material further comprises pulling an end portion of the sheet material.

115. The method of claim 114, wherein the outlet has a width less than a width of the sheet material, and wherein the method further comprises inducing tension forces in the sheet material at the outlet when the sheet material is pulled.

116. The method of claim 114, wherein the sheet material includes perforation tear lines, and wherein the method further comprises separating a sheet of material from the sheet material by tearing the sheet material along one of the perforation tear lines.

117. An apparatus for dispensing perforated sheet material, the apparatus comprising:

a housing defining an interior for accommodating at least one source of sheet material therein and an outlet through which an end of the sheet material is dispensed from the at least one source, the outlet having a width less than the overall width of the sheet material; and

a first surface and a second surface forming a nip through which the sheet material passes,

wherein the nip and the oulet are configured such that a least one angle defined by a first line extending along an exit of the nip and a second line formed between the outermost lateral exit end of the nip along the first line that contains the sheet material and the point of contact between the sheet material and the edge of the outlet is from about 26°

to about 36°

, and

wherein the closest point on a line extending along an exit of the nip is spaced a distance of from about 0.1 inch to about 3 inches to the point of contact between the sheet material and the edge of the outlet.

118. The apparatus of claim 117, further comprising a nipping element and at least one roller, said first surface being on the nipping element and said second surface being on the roller.

119. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the distance is from about 0.9 inch to about 1 inch.

120. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the at least one angle is from about 29°

to about 36°

.

121. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the at least one angle is from about 32°

to about 33°

.

122. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 20% to about 90% of the width of the sheet material.

123. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 55% to about 85% of the width of the sheet material.

124. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the outlet has a width of from about 65% to about 75% of the width of the sheet material.

125. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the outlet has a width of about 70% of the width of the sheet material.

126. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein said source of sheet material is a roll of sheet material.

127. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein said roll of sheet material includes a web of sheet material comprising two side edges, a terminal end and an initial end, wound into a roll and divided into a plurality of individual sheets by a plurality of perforation tear lines including frangible bonds spaced along the tear line and extending from one edge of the roll to the other.

128. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein the roll of sheet material is rotatably mounted in said housing.

129. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the overall width of the sheet material is from about 4 inches to about 14 inches.

130. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the sheet material comprises paper toweling.

131. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the sheet material comprises nonwoven material.

132. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the sheet material comprises airlaid material.

136. An apparatus for dispensing sheet material from at least one source of sheet material, the apparatus comprising:

a housing defining

an interior including a first section for a first source of sheet material and a second section for a second source of sheet material, the second section being larger than the first section, and

an outlet though which an end portion of sheet material is dispensed from at least one of the sources;

at least one nipping surface disposed in the housing;

a nipping element pivotally mounted in the housing so that the nipping element pivots between a first position in which a first portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of sheet material, and a second position in which at least a second portion of the nipping element and the nipping surface form a nip for the end portion of sheet material;

at least one isolating element movably mounted in the housing, the isolating element moving between a second source isolating position in which the isolating element positions the second source out of contact with the nipping surface and a second source dispensing position placing the second source on the nipping surface

a first sensor for sensing the amount of sheet material of the first source of sheet material, the first sensor comprising at least one cam surface moving in response to a change in size of the first source of sheet material;

at least one cam follower cooperating with the nipping element, the cam follower contacting the cam surface and the cam surface moving with respect to the cam follower to control movement of the nipping element;

a second sensor disposed in the housing for sensing the size of the second source while the second source is in the second section; and

an indicator cooperating with the second sensor to provide an indication when the size of the second source is small enough to place the second source of sheet material in the first section of the housing interior.