Augmentation of electrical conduction and contractility by biphasic cardiac pacing
First Claim
1. An apparatus for biphasic electrical cardiac pacing comprising:
- means for defining a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration for preconditioning the myocardium to accept subsequent stimulation;
means for defining a second stimulation phase with a polarity opposite to the first phase polarity, a second phase amplitude that is larger in absolute value than the first phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration; and
means for applying the first stimulation phase and the second stimulation phase in sequence to cardiac tissue.
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Abstract
Augmentation of electrical conduction and contractility by biphasic cardiac pacing. A first stimulation phase is administered to the muscle tissue. This first stimulation phase has a predefined polarity, amplitude and duration. A second stimulation phase is then administered to the muscle tissue. This second phase also has a predefined polarity, amplitude and duration. The two phases are applied sequentially. Contrary to current thought, anodal stimulation is first applied and followed by cathodal stimulation. In this fashion, pulse conduction through the cardiac muscle is improved together with the increase in contractility. The technique can also be applied to large muscle tissue stimulation other than cardiac muscle.
59 Citations
23 Claims
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1. An apparatus for biphasic electrical cardiac pacing comprising:
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means for defining a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration for preconditioning the myocardium to accept subsequent stimulation;
means for defining a second stimulation phase with a polarity opposite to the first phase polarity, a second phase amplitude that is larger in absolute value than the first phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration; and
means for applying the first stimulation phase and the second stimulation phase in sequence to cardiac tissue. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An apparatus for biphasic electrical cardiac pacing comprising:
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means for initiating the application of a first stimulation phase for preconditioning the myocardium wherein the first stimulation phase has;
a positive polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape, and a first phase duration, wherein the first phase amplitude is about 0.5 to 3.5 volts, the first phase duration is about one to nine milliseconds, and the first stimulation phase is initiated greater than 200 milliseconds after completion of a cardiac beating cycle;
means for initiating the application of a second stimulation phase, wherein the second stimulation phase has;
a negative polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration, wherein the second phase amplitude is about four volts to twenty volts; and
the second phase duration is about 0.2 to 0.9 milliseconds; and
means for applying the first stimulation phase and the second stimulation phase in sequence to cardiac tissue.
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Specification