Method for data preparation and watermark insertion

• US 6,332,194 B1
• Filed: 06/05/1998
• Issued: 12/18/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: NEC Corporation
• Original Assignee: Signafy Incorporated
• Inventors: Bloom, Jeffrey A., Cox, Ingemar J., Miller, Matthew L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hayes, Gail
• Assistant Examiner(s): SONG, HOSUK
• Application Number:
  US09/092,431
• Time in Patent Office: 1,292 Days
• Field of Search: 380/28, 380/5, 380/54-55, 380/200-203, 382/100, 382/232, 713/100, 713/176, 283/73, 283/113, 283/17, 375/100, 375/240, 375/25, 375/240.21
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0071 using multiple or alternating watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0064 for copy protection or copy management, e.g. CGMS, copy only once, one-time copy
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32149 Methods relating to embedding, encoding, decoding, detection or retrieval operations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32267 combined with processing of the image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32304 Embedding different sets of additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking

Abstract

A method for data preparation and watermark insertion. The method includes the step of preparing the data at a first time by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics for subsequent insertion of a first watermark. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention the method further includes the step of inserting the first watermark by manipulating the set of data characteristics at a second time subsequent to the first time. In still yet another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the method further includes the step of inserting a second watermark at a third time, before, during, or after the first time, by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics. In a variation of the present invention a method for inserting a watermark into compressed data is provided. The compressed data has sets of data characteristics. The method includes the steps of inserting a watermark by manipulating the set of data characteristics; and optimizing the manipulated data by modifying the compressed data characteristics subject to a set of constraints.

Claims

1. A method for data preparation and watermark insertion, the data having sets of data characteristics, the method comprising the steps of:

providing data to be watermarked;

selecting a target signal;

extracting a derived signal from a set of data characteristics;

preparing the data at a first time to improve detectability of a subsequently inserted first watermark signal and/or reduce the complexity of the subsequent insertion of the first watermark signal by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics such that the derived signal substantially matches the target signal; and

inserting the first watermark by manipulating the set of data characteristics at a second time subsequent to the first time.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of inserting a second watermark at a third time, before, during, or after the first time, by manipulating at least one set of the data characteristics.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the set of data characteristics manipulated for the second watermark are disjoint from the manipulated set of data characteristics for the first watermark.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of data characteristics manipulated for the second watermark and the set of data characteristics manipulated for the first watermark are disjoint in a spatial domain and/or a temporal domain and/or a transformed domain.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is a representation of an image.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is a representation of audio.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data is a representation of video.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of data characteristics are spatial domain characteristics.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the spatial domain characteristics are chosen from a group consisting of pixel intensities, edge features color characteristics, and textures.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of data characteristics are transformed domain characteristics.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the transformed domain characteristics are chosen from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the manipulating of the data characteristics is such that a signal is derived therefrom which substantially matches a pre-selected signal.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pre-selected signal has zero variance.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the derived signal is performed by averaging subsets of the sets of data characteristics.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the manipulating of the data characteristics is such that an error function is minimized.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the error function is a measure of variance.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting step occurs in a spatial and/or time domain.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the spatial and/or time domain characteristics are chosen from a group consisting of pixel intensities, edge features, color characteristics, textures.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting step occurs in a transformed domain.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transformed domain characteristics are chosen from a group consisting of DCT, block DCT, FFT, block FFT, wavelet, Hadamard transform, Cortex transform.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting step occurs in a compressed domain resulting in compressed data.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the compressed domain is chosen from a group consisting of MPEG1, MPEG2, JPEG, Quicktime, H.261, H.263.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the compressed data is video and the first watermark is inserted into only intracoded portions of the compressed video data.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the further manipulation includes an optimization procedure that modifies the compressed data characteristics subject to a set of constraints.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the optimization procedure comprises the substeps of:

(i) obtaining a set of values from the compressed data;

(ii) determining a set of changes to the data that satisfy the set of constraints;

(iii) choosing a change from the set of changes that optimize detection of the watermark in the absence of any future changes; and

(iv) repeating steps (i) through (iii) until all the compressed data is processed.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the set of constraints comprises fidelity constraints.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the set of constraints comprises bitrate constraints.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the set of constraints comprises constraining each value in the compressed data to a known quantization level.

29. The method of claim 24, wherein the set of constraints comprises fidelity constraints.

30. The method of claim 24, wherein the set of constraints comprises bitrate constraints.

31. The method of claim 24, wherein the set of constraints comprises constraining each value in the compressed data to a known quantization level.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein the first time occurs prior to data distribution and wherein the first watermark is inserted into the data at the time the data is copied.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of prohibiting the copying of the data if the first watermark is present.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the prohibiting step is implemented in a consumer recording device.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the format of the recording device is chosen from a group consisting of DVD, DHVS, DAT, and CD-R.

36. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of data characteristics are time domain characteristics.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of data characteristics are spatial and time domain characteristics.