Fault condition protection

• US 6,337,788 B1
• Filed: 11/16/1998
• Issued: 01/08/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated, Powers Integrations Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated
• Inventors: Lund, Leif, Balakrishnan, Balu, Djenguerian, Alex
• Primary Examiner(s): HUYNH, KIM NGOC
• Application Number:
  US09/192,871
• Time in Patent Office: 1,149 Days
• Field of Search: 361/35, 361/38, 361/71, 361/74, 361/75, 361/18, 361/91.1, 361/91.3, 361/93.1, 361/93.2, 361/93.4, 361/94, 361/83, 361/86, 361/87-89, 363/50, 363/74, 323/273, 323/276, 364/528.27, 364/528.31, 364/528.32, 364/528.33, 700/292, 700/296, 700/297
• US Class Current: 361/86
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2045/824 Accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 45/82 Hydraulic or pneumatic circuits
• CPC Class Codes: F16D 31/02 using pumps with pistons or plungers working in cylinders
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/1213 for DC-DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence

Abstract

A circuit protects a power conversion system with a feedback control loop from a fault condition. The circuit has an oscillator having an input for generating a signal with a frequency and a timer connected to the oscillator input and to the feedback control loop. The timer disables the oscillator after a period following the opening of the feedback control loop to protect the power conversion system.

Claims

1. A circuit for protecting a power supply from fault conditions, comprising:

a switching device coupled to receive a switching signal to control power delivered to an output of the power supply; and

a timer coupled to the switching device and coupled to receive a feedback signal from a feedback control loop coupled to the output of the power supply, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal, the timer disabling the switching device to prevent power delivery to the output in response to the feedback signal.

2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the timer disables the switching device after a first period of existence of the fault condition and wherein the timer enables the switching device to deliver power to the output after a second period.

3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the switching device is alternately enabled for the first period and disabled for the second period when the fault condition exists.

4. The circuit of claim 3 wherein the switching device is enabled upon removal of the fault condition.

5. The circuit of claim 4 wherein the timer includes a capacitor that is charged at a first rate from a first threshold to a second threshold to generate a first period, the capacitor further being discharged from the second threshold to the first threshold at a second rate to generate the second period.

6. The circuit of claim 5 wherein the capacitor is discharged to a voltage below the first threshold each time the feedback signal cycles.

7. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switching device is a power transistor.

8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the timer comprises a digital counter.

9. The circuit of claim 8 further comprising an oscillator coupled to the counter, the oscillator having a predetermined frequency.

10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein the oscillator has a control input for changing the predetermined frequency, further comprising a first current source coupled to the oscillator control input to generate a first frequency.

11. The circuit of claim 10 further comprising a second current source coupled to the oscillator control input to generate a second frequency.

12. The circuit of claim 11 wherein the counter has an output coupled to the first and second current sources.

13. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the fault condition includes one or more of an output overload fault condition, an output short circuit fault condition and an open feedback control loop fault condition.

14. A method for protecting a power supply from fault conditions, comprising:

switching a switching device in response to a switching signal to control power delivery to an output of the power supply;

timing a feedback signal of a feedback control loop coupled to the output of the power supply to detect whether a fault condition exists in the power supply, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal; and

disabling the switching device from switching in response to the feedback signal.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the output is disabled after a first period of existence of the fault condition further comprising enabling a switching device to deliver power to the output after a second period.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising alternatingly enabling the switching device for the first period and disabling the switching device for the second period.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising enabling the switching device upon removal of the fault condition.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the timing step includes:

charging a capacitor at a first rate from a first threshold to a second threshold to generate a first period; and

discharging the capacitor from the second threshold to the first threshold at a second rate to generate a second period.

19. The method of claim 18 further comprising discharging the capacitor to a voltage below the first threshold each time the feedback signal cycles.

20. The method of claim 16 wherein the timing step includes counting periods of time digitally.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising generating a signal which oscillates at a first frequency when the switching device is enabled and oscillates at a second frequency when the switching device is disabled.

22. The method of claim 15 wherein the switching device is a power transistor.

23. The method of claim 14 wherein the fault condition includes one or more of an output overload fault condition, an output short circuit fault condition and an open feedback control loop fault condition.

24. A circuit for protecting a power supply from fault conditions, comprising:

switching means coupled to receive a switching signal for controlling power delivered to an output of the power supply;

timing means coupled to the switching means and coupled to receive a feedback signal from a feedback control loop coupled to the output of the power supply to detect whether a fault condition exists in the power supply, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal; and

means for disabling the switching means in response to the feedback signal.

25. The circuit of claim 24 wherein the output is disabled after a first period of existence of the fault condition further comprising means for enabling a switching device to deliver power to the output after a second period.

26. The circuit of claim 25, further comprising means for alternatingly enabling the switching device for the first period and disabling the switching device for the second period.

27. The circuit of claim 26 further comprising means for enabling the switching device upon removal of the fault condition.

28. The circuit of claim 27 wherein the timing means includes a digital counter.

29. The circuit of claim 28 further comprising means for oscillating at a first frequency when the switching device is enabled and at a second frequency when the switching device is disabled.

30. The circuit of claim 25 wherein the switching device is a power transistor.

31. The circuit of claim 24 wherein the fault condition includes one or more of an output overload fault condition, an output short circuit fault condition and an open feedback control loop fault condition.

32. The circuit of claim 24 wherein the timing means includes:

means for charging a capacitor at a first rate from a first threshold to a second threshold to generate a first period; and

means for discharging the capacitor from the second threshold to the first threshold at a second rate to generate a second period.

33. The circuit of claim 32 further comprising means for discharging the capacitor to a voltage below the first threshold each time the feedback signal cycles.

34. A fault protected power supply, comprising:

a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding coupled to a secondary output;

a switching device coupled to the primary winding of the transformer for controlling power delivered to the secondary output in response to a switching signal;

an oscillator for generating a signal with a predetermined frequency; and

a timer coupled to the oscillator and coupled to receive a feedback signal from the secondary output, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal, the timer disabling the switching device in response to the feedback signal.

35. The power supply of claim 34 further comprising means for changing the frequency of the oscillator.

36. The regulator circuit of claim 34 wherein the timer alternatively enables and disables the switching device when the fault condition is present.

37. A method for protecting a power supply, comprising:

controlling power delivered to a secondary output of the power supply using a switching device switched in response to a switching signal and coupled to a primary winding of a transformer, the transformer having a secondary winding coupled to the secondary output;

generating an oscillating signal with a predetermined frequency;

timing a feedback signal from the secondary output with the oscillating signal, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal; and

disabling the switching device in response to the feedback signal.

38. The method of claim 37 further comprising changing the frequency of the oscillating signal.

39. The method of claim 37 further comprising alternatingly enabling and disabling the switching device when the fault condition is present.

40. A fault protected power supply, comprising:

a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding coupled to a secondary output;

a switching device coupled to the primary winding of the transformer for controlling the power delivered to the secondary output in response to a switching signal;

a capacitor;

means for charging the capacitor at a first rate from a first threshold to a second threshold to generate a first period and discharging the capacitor from the second threshold to first threshold at a second rate to generate a second period; and

means coupled to the switching device, the capacitor and coupled to receive a feedback signal from the secondary output, for alternately enabling the switching device during first period and disabling the switching device during the second period in response to the feedback signal, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal.

41. A method for protecting a power supply, comprising:

controlling power delivered to a secondary output of the power supply using a switching device switched in response to a switching signal and coupled to a primary winding of a transformer, the transformer having a secondary winding coupled to the secondary output;

charging a capacitor at a first rate from a first threshold to a second threshold to generate a first period;

discharging the capacitor from the second threshold to first threshold at a second rate to generate a second period; and

alternatingly enabling the switching device during the first period and disabling the switching device during the second period in response to a feedback signal from the secondary output, the feedback signal cycling periodically between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally and remaining idle when the power supply is in a fault condition, the switching signal cycling separately from cycling of the feedback signal.