Microelectrogravimetric method for plating a biosensor
First Claim
1. A method for depositing an electroative species onto a electrode, the method comprising:
- (a) dispensing a solution the electroative species from a microdispenser to from a hanging drop of the solution;
(b) contacting the first electrode with the hanging drop of solution, wherein the first electrode is electrically coupled with the microdispenser to form an electrochemical cell; and
applying an electrical current to the electrochemical cell, wherein the application of the current effects deposition of the electroative species onto the electrode.
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for microelectrogravimetrically depositing an electroactive species onto an electrode or a plurality of electrodes comprising dispensing a solution containing the electroactive species from a microdispenser to form a hanging drop of the solution and contacting the electrode with the hanging drop of the solution, wherein the electrode is electrically coupled with the microdispenser to form an electrochemical cell, and applying a potential to the electrochemical cell. The application of the potential effects deposition of the electroactive species onto the electrode. The method of the invention eliminates the need for immersion of the electrode in a bath, reduces the volume of solution required by a factor of at least 10-100, and avoids uneven depletion of various components of the solution over successive applications. The method reduce costs, provides increased reproducibility in the plating process and avoids contamination of the solution, and is particularly suited for plating of enzymes, such as glucose oxidase, or metals, such as platinum, onto electrodes for use as biosensors.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A method for depositing an electroative species onto a electrode, the method comprising:
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(a) dispensing a solution the electroative species from a microdispenser to from a hanging drop of the solution;
(b) contacting the first electrode with the hanging drop of solution, wherein the first electrode is electrically coupled with the microdispenser to form an electrochemical cell; and
applying an electrical current to the electrochemical cell, wherein the application of the current effects deposition of the electroative species onto the electrode. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An apparatus for depositing an electroative species onto an electrode, the apparatus comprising:
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(a) a microdispenser capable of dispensing a solution containing the electroative species to form a hanging drop of the solution;
(b) an electrode holder capable of placing the electrode in electrical contact with the microdispenser to form an electrochemical cell; and
(c) a potentiometer disposed between the microdispenser and the electrode holder.
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Specification