Modifiable display having fixed image patterns

• US 6,340,965 B1
• Filed: 03/18/1999
• Issued: 01/22/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Silverman, Alexander E., Howard, Matthew E., Biegelsen, David K., Bobrow, Daniel G., Hebel, L. Charles, Mackinlay, Jock D., Sheridon, Nicholas K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wu, Xiao
• Assistant Examiner(s): ZAMANI, ALI A
• Application Number:
  US09/271,373
• Time in Patent Office: 1,041 Days
• Field of Search: 345/107, 345/111, 345/87, 345/84, 345/85, 345/88, 359/296, 359/298
• US Class Current: 345/107
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 9/372 the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/34 by control of light from an independent source

Abstract

Selected regions of an electronically modifiable display are fixed while other regions are left electronically modifiable. The selected regions are fixed by various methods including subjecting the selected regions to heat, light or pressure. In some embodiments, the fixed regions are reversibly fixed so that changes can be made to the fixed regions.

Claims

1. A modifiable display with a plurality of stable display states, comprising:

a first set of elements switchable between a first state and a second state; and

a second set of elements selectively physically fixed in the first state such that the second set of elements remains in the first state when subjected to any display signal, the second set of elements representing a desired image.

2. The display of claim 1, wherein the desired image is a pattern.

3. The display of claim 2, wherein the pattern includes portions of a form that are common to each use of the form.

4. The display of claim 1, wherein the display is an electronically sensitive display.

5. The display of claim 1, wherein the display is magnetically sensitive.

6. The display of claim 1, wherein the display is a rotating element display.

7. The display of claim 1, wherein the display is an electrophoretic display.

8. The display of claim 1, wherein the display is a liquid crystal display.

9. A method of fixing a region of a modifiable display having pixel elements, each pixel element having at least a first stable display state and a second stable display state, the method comprising:

controlling a first plurality of the pixel elements such that each of the first plurality of pixel elements is in the first stable display state; and

selectively physically fixing the first plurality of the pixel elements representing a desired image in the first stable display state such that each of the first plurality of the pixel elements remains in the first stable display state when subjected to any display signal.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein a second plurality of the pixel elements is modifiable after each of the first plurality of the pixel elements is physically fixed.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is physically fixed by heating the first plurality of the pixel elements.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is physically fixed by heating the substrate.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is physically fixed by subjecting the first plurality of the pixel elements to pressure.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is physically fixed by a chemical reaction involving the first plurality of the pixel elements.

15. The method of claim 10, further comprising unfixing the first plurality of the pixel elements such that each of the first plurality of the pixel elements is modifiable.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is unfixed by heating the first plurality of the pixel elements.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first plurality of the pixel elements is unfixed by a chemical reaction involving the first plurality of the pixel elements.

18. The method of claim 9, wherein the display is a rotating element display.

19. The method of claim 9, wherein the display is an electrophoretic display.

20. The method of claim 9, wherein the display is a liquid crystal display.

21. The method of claim 9, wherein the display is an electronically sensitive display.

22. The method of claim 9, wherein the display is a magnetically sensitive display.

23. A modifiable display with a plurality of stable display states, comprising:

a first protective layer;

a second protective layer;

modifiable pixel elements located between the first protective layer and the second protective layer; and

a desired printed pattern on the first protective layer that remains in at least one of the stable display states when subjected to any display signal.

24. The display of claim 23, wherein the printed pattern is printed by a printer.

25. The display of claim 23, wherein the printed pattern is photocopied onto the first protective layer.

26. The display of claim 23, wherein the printed pattern is printed by a hand operated device.

27. The display of claim 23, wherein the display is a rotating element display.

28. The display of claim 23, wherein the display is an electrophoretic display.

29. The display of claim 23, wherein the display is a liquid crystal display.

30. The display of claim 23, wherein the display is an electrically sensitive display.

31. The display of claim 23, wherein the display is a magnetically sensitive display.