Augmentation of electrical conduction and contractility by biphasic cardiac pacing administered via the cardiac blood pool
First Claim
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1. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
- leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first phase polarity is positive.
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Abstract
Augmentation of electrical conduction and contractility by biphasic cardiac pacing. A first stimulation phase is administered to the cardiac blood pool. This first stimulation phase has a predefined polarity, amplitude and duration. A second stimulation phase is then administered to the cardiac blood pool. This second phase also has a predefined polarity, amplitude and duration. The two phases are applied sequentially. Contrary to current thought, anodal stimulation is first applied and followed by cathodal stimulation. In this fashion, pulse conduction through the cardiac muscle is improved together with the increase in contractility.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first phase polarity is positive. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first phase amplitude is less than the second phase amplitude.
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11. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first phase amplitude is ramped from a baseline value to a second value. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the second phase duration is less than 0.3 milliseconds and the second phase amplitude is greater than 20 volts.
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21. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first stimulation phase further comprises a series of stimulating pulses of a predetermined amplitude, polarity and duration; and
wherein the first stimulation phase further comprises a series of rest periods. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23)
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24. An apparatus for electrical cardiac pacing while enhancing contractility of cardiac muscle tissue, the apparatus comprising:
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leads for applying electrical stimulation to a cardiac blood pool; and
stimulation generator connected to the leads, wherein the stimulation generator produces a biphasic electrical waveform to stimulate the cardiac blood pool via the leads to effect cardiac pacing, the electrical waveform comprising;
a first stimulation phase with a first phase polarity, a first phase amplitude, a first phase shape and a first phase duration; and
a second stimulation phase with a second phase polarity, a second phase amplitude, a second phase shape and a second phase duration;
wherein the first stimulation phase comprises anodal stimulation, thereby enhancing contractility of cardiac muscle tissue via stimulation of the cardiac blood pool.
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Specification