Materials and products using nanostructured non-stoichiometric substances

• US 6,344,271 B1
• Filed: 03/23/1999
• Issued: 02/05/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: Nanoenergy Corporation
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Au, Ming, Miremadi, Bijan, Freim, John, Avniel, Yuval, Dirstine, Roger, Alexander, John, Franke, Evan
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, Hoa T.
• Application Number:
  US09/274,517
• Time in Patent Office: 1,050 Days
• Field of Search: 428/402
• US Class Current: 428/402
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Abstract

Nanoscale non-stoichiometric materials with unusual properties are disclosed. These materials offer a wide range of novel formulations for applications in catalysis, chemicals and fuels, electronics, electromagnetics, photonics, optics, sensors, electrochemical products, structural products, biomedical engineering, acoustics, composites, and other applications. Illustrative methods and processes are disclosed to highlight catalytic properties and electrical properties and to process these materials from powder or porous forms into dense forms and shapes. The invention includes a non-stoichiometric composition of a material, preferably in nanostructured form, for various applications including, but not limited to, methods to reduce the sintering temperature, the sintering time, or both.

Claims

1. A submicron non-stoichiometric material, wherein the value for a selected physical property of the submicron non-stoichiometric material is greater than 5% different from that for a thermodynamically equilibrium form of the submicron non-stoichiometric material.

2. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an electrical property.

3. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is a catalytic property.

4. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an optical property.

5. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 1, wherein the selected physical property is an electrochemical property.

6. A submicron non-stoichiometric material, wherein relative ratios of components of the submicron non-stoichiometric material differ by more than 1% from thermodynamically equilibrium form of the submicron non-stoichiometric material.

7. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the relative ratios of the components of the material differ by more than 2% from the stoichiometric values.

8. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the relative ratios of the components of the material differ by more than 5% from the stoichiometric values.

9. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the material is a nanomaterial.

10. The submicron non-stoichiometric material of claim 6, wherein the material is a nanopowder.

11. A submicron material, wherein

a domain size of the submicron material is less than 500 nm, and the submicron material is a non-equilibrium non-stoichiometric material.

12. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the domain size is less than 100 nm.

13. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the submicron material is a nanostructured material.

14. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains oxygen.

15. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains nitrogen.

16. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains boron.

17. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains carbon.

18. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains hydrogen.

19. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains halogen.

20. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains chalcogen.

21. The submicron material of claim 13, wherein the material contains at least two metals.

22. The submicron material of claim 11, wherein the material is a powder.

23. The submicron material of claim 22, wherein the material is nanopowder.

24. A nanostructured material useful in an application, wherein:

a domain size of the nanostructured material is less than 500 nm;

the nanostructured material is non-equilibrium and non-stoichiometric; and

a selected property representative of the application in the nanostructured material is greater than 5% different from that for a stoichiometric form of the nanostructured material.

25. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a catalytic application.

26. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is an optical application.

27. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a biomedical application.

28. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a battery.

29. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a fuel application.

30. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a magnetic application.

31. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is an application from the group comprising of carrier, marker, drug delivery application.

32. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a structural application.

33. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a sensing application.

34. The nanostructured material of claim 24, wherein the application is a hydrogen storage application.

35. A nanostructured material useful in an application, wherein a domain size of the nanostructured material is less than 500 nm, the nanostructured material is non-equilibrium and non-stoichiometric, and the nanostructured material is produced by heating.

36. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a catalytic application.

37. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is an optical application.

38. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a biomedical application .

39. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a battery.

40. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a fuel application.

41. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a magnetic application.

42. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is an application from the group comprising of carrier, marker, drug delivery application.

43. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a structural application.

44. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a sensing application.

45. The nanostructured material of claim 35, wherein the application is a hydrogen storage application.