Methods and apparatus for remote configuration of an appliance on a network

• US 6,345,294 B1
• Filed: 04/19/1999
• Issued: 02/05/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: OʼToole, James, Kaashoek, M. Frans
• Primary Examiner(s): Harrell, Robert B.
• Application Number:
  US09/294,836
• Time in Patent Office: 1,023 Days
• Field of Search: 709/200, 709/203, 709/220, 709/218, 709/221, 709/222, 713/1, 713/2, 713/100
• US Class Current: 709/222
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 13/0825 the ejection arrangement being of the push-push kind
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5007 Internet protocol [IP] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5014 using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5046 Resolving address allocation conflicts; Testing of addresses testing when self-assigning an address H04L61/5092
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5092 by self-assignment, e.g. picking addresses at random and testing if they are already in use
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/02 based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/025 for remote control or remote monitoring of applications
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/10 in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network software deployment G06F8/60; multiprogramming arrangements G06F9/46
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/34 involving the movement of software or configuration parameters network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] G06F9/4416
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

A network appliance is capable of remote booting and obtaining its configuration information from a source located far away. The network appliance can be shipped to a business location or office environment without requiring a local boot server in that location or environment and without requiring the presence of a person who is familiar with and highly skilled in configuring the appliance. The invention allows for booting and the obtaining of configuration information, and therefore allows for the functioning of the appliance, regardless of whether there is a local server in the local network environment, such as a DHCP server or a boot server, that has been set up and configured to provide to the appliance the booting and configuration information it requires. Self-organizing distributed appliances (SODAs) according to the invention augment the Internet by providing a self-organizing network that efficiently distributes big data items, i.e., data items that cannot be downloaded timely (on demand) over today'"'"'s networks. One application of self-organizing distributed appliances is the distribution of high-quality video (a half-hour MPEG-1 movies is about one Gbyte). The SODA network alleviates network bottlenecks.

Claims

1. An system for booting an appliance, comprising:

appliance; and

a local network of computers;

the appliance being programmed to transmit a message over the local network to obtain a source of booting parameters; and

if the appliance receives the message containing booting parameters, to test the parameters by attempting to send and receive network messages over the local network; and

if the appliance fails to receive a message containing acceptable parameters, to observe the local network passively, to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use on the network, and to test the candidate parameters by sending and receiving packets in the local network.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the candidate parameters comprise identification of a proxy server.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the step of observing the local network passively comprises identifying the proxy server by observing whether messages are sent to certain TCP ports on the proxy server.

4. The system of claim 2 wherein the step of observing the local network passively comprises identifying the proxy server by observing whether messages are sent to the proxy server that include requests formatted according to an HTTP protocol.

5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an appliance registry, wherein the appliance is programmed to transmit, after the step of testing the candidate parameters, a boot status message to the appliance registry while the appliance registry is located outside the local network.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein the appliance is programmed to select a temporary address for the appliance and to use the temporary address to transmit the boot status message to the appliance registry, if the appliance fails to receive a message containing booting parameters.

7. The system of claim 5 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to send an actual address of the appliance from the appliance registry to the appliance.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the candidate parameters comprise an address of at least one router.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the step of observing the local network passively comprises identifying the router in the local network by observing messages transmitted to the router that are actually addressed to other computers.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the candidate parameters comprise identification of at least one name server.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the step of observing the local network passively comprises identifying the name server in the local network by observing whether messages are sent to the name server that appear to be domain name request messages.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein the appliance is programmed to transmit the message to obtain the source of booting parameters by transmitting a bootp, DHCP, or rarp request.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein the booting parameters comprise an IP address of the appliance.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein the booting parameters comprises a subnet mask of the appliance.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein the booting parameters comprise an IP addresses of at least one router.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein the booting parameters comprises identification of at least one name server.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein the appliance is preprogrammed with a unique identification that distinguishes the appliance from other appliances.

18. A system for obtaining configuration information for an appliance, comprising:

an appliance having a unique global identifier; and

an appliance registry;

the appliance being programmed to transmit a boot status message from the appliance using its global identifier, in a local network, to an appliance registry located outside of the local network;

the appliance registry being programmed to store boot status information from the boot status message in a database at the appliance registry, the boot status information including information pertaining to the local network as observed by the appliance; and

the appliance registry being programmed to transmit configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance based on the global identifier of the appliance.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the boot status information comprises identity of the appliance.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to allow an authorized entity to access the database to learn the status of the appliance.

21. The system of claim 18 further comprising a Web browser programmed to access a troubleshooting Web page provided by the appliance registry in order to determine the status of the appliance, the troubleshooting Web page being configured to access the database to learn the status of the appliance.

22. The system of claim 18 wherein the appliance is programmed to observe the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use, the appliance using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry to transmit the boot status message.

23. A system for obtaining configuration information for an appliance, comprising:

an appliance; and

an appliance registry;

the appliance being programmed to transmit a boot status message from the appliance in a local network to an appliance registry located outside of the local network using a plurality of redundant transmission protocols; and

the appliance registry being programmed to transmit configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance using a plurality of redundant transmission protocols.

24. The system of claim 23 wherein the appliance is programmed to transmit a message from the appliance to the appliance registry indicating that the appliance has received the configuration information.

25. The system of claim 24 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to broadcast the configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance if the appliance failed to receive the configuration information.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to broadcast the configuration information by sending the configuration information to the appliance through a multi-cast channel of the local network of the appliance.

27. The system of claim 23 wherein the plurality of protocols comprises sending an IP packet directly from the appliance to the appliance registry.

28. The system of claim 23 wherein the plurality of protocols comprises encoding the boot status message into a universal resource locator and sending an HTTP request comprising the universal resource locator from the appliance to the appliance registry.

29. The system of claim 23 wherein the plurality of protocols comprises encoding the boot status message as an imaginary host name and sending a DNS message from the appliance to the appliance registry as a request to obtain information pertaining to the imaginary host name.

30. The system of claim 23 wherein the plurality of protocols comprises sending the boot status message from the appliance to the appliance registry as an e-mail message.

31. The system of claim 23 wherein the appliance uses a plurality of redundant communications protocols by being programmed to observe the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use and using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry.

32. A system for configuring an appliance, comprising:

an appliance; and

a Web browser at a computer;

the appliance being programmed to display information at the appliance;

the Web browser being programmed to receive the information displayed by the appliance;

to receive configuration data; and

to transmit the configuration data from the Web browser to the appliance when the Web browser and the appliance are on a common local network.

33. The system of claim 32 wherein the information entered at the Web browser enables the web browser to communicate with the appliance.

34. The system of claim 32 wherein the information comprises the IP address of the appliance.

35. The system of claim 32 wherein the information further comprises a serial number of the appliance.

36. The system of claim 32 wherein the information is encoded in order to allow an appliance registry to recognize typographical errors.

37. The system of claim 32 wherein an appliance registry is programmed to receive the information from the Web browser and in response to send the configuration data for the appliance to the Web browser.

38. The system of claim 32 wherein the display comprises an LCD panel.

39. A system for obtaining configuration information for an appliance, comprising:

an appliance;

an appliance registry; and

a registry database;

the appliance registry being programmed to store ownership information for the appliance in the registry database

the appliance being programmed to transmit a boot status message from the appliance to the appliance registry while the appliance registry is located outside of a local network of the appliance, the boot status message including information pertaining to the local network as observed by the appliance;

the appliance registry being programmed to transmit configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance in response to the boot status message.

40. The system of claim 39 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to permit, based on the stored ownership information, the owner to change configuration information for the appliance stored at the registry database.

41. The system of claim 40 wherein the change in the configuration information instructs the appliance to cease performing a function.

42. The system of claim 40 wherein the change in the configuration information identifies the appliance as being disabled.

43. The system of claim 39 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to permit, based on the stored ownership information, the owner to supply configuration information to the registry database.

44. The system of claim 43 wherein the configuration information controls licensing of the appliance to permit or prohibit the appliance from carrying out at least one function, so as to provide secure commercial licensing of the appliance.

45. The system of claim 39 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to transmit ownership information from the appliance registry to the appliance.

46. The system of claim 39 wherein the appliance registry is programmed to permit, based on the stored ownership information, the owner to examine the status of the appliance based on the owner'"'"'s ownership of the appliance.

47. The system of claim 39 wherein the ownership information comprises an electronic license.

48. The system of claim 39 wherein the appliance is programmed to observe the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use, the appliance using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry to transmit the boot status message.

49. A method of obtaining configuration information for an appliance located in a local network, comprising the steps of:

transmitting a boot status message from the appliance to an appliance registry located outside of the local network using a plurality of redundant transmission protocols; and

transmitting configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance using a plurality of redundant transmission protocols.

50. The method of claim 49 further comprising the steps of:

observing the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use; and

using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry for transmission of the boot status message.

51. A method of obtaining configuration information for an appliance located in a local network, comprising the steps of:

transmitting a boot status message from the appliance to an appliance registry located outside of the local network, the boot status message including information pertaining to the local network as observed by the appliance;

storing the boot status information from the boot status message in a database at the appliance registry; and

transmitting configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance.

52. The method of claim 51 further comprising the steps of:

observing the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use; and

using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry for transmission of the boot status message.

53. A method of obtaining configuration information for an appliance located in a local network, comprising the steps of:

storing ownership information for the appliance at a registry database of an appliance registry located outside of the local network;

transmitting a boot status message from the appliance to the appliance registry, the boot status message including information pertaining to the local network as observed by the appliance;

transmitting configuration information from the appliance registry to the appliance in response to the boot status message.

54. The method of claim 53 further comprising the steps of:

observing the local network to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use; and

using the candidate parameters for communicating with the appliance registry for transmission of the boot status message.

55. A method of booting an appliance in a local network, comprising the steps of:

transmitting a message over the local network to obtain a source of booting parameters;

attempting to receive, in response to the message transmitted by the appliance, a message that contains booting parameters for the appliance;

if the appliance receives the message containing booting parameters, testing the parameters by attempting to send and receive network messages over the local network; and

if the appliance fails to receive a message containing acceptable parameters, observing the local network passively, developing candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use on the network, and testing the candidate parameters by sending and receiving packets in the local network.

56. A method of configuring an appliance in a local network, comprising the steps of:

displaying information at the appliance;

entering the information at a Web browser at a computer on the local network;

receiving configuration data at the Web browser; and

transmitting the configuration data from the Web browser to the appliance.

57. An appliance programmed to transmit a message over a local area network to obtain a source of booting parameters, and being programmed to determine if the appliance receives a message containing booting parameters, to test the parameters by attempting to send and receive network message over the local network;

and if the appliance fails to receive a message containing acceptable parameters, to observe the local network passively, to develop candidate parameters based on network traffic and network addresses in use on the network, and to test the candidate parameters by sending and receive packets in the local network.