Interleaver and deinterleaver for use in a diversity transmission communication system

• US 6,356,528 B1
• Filed: 04/15/1999
• Issued: 03/12/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/15/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Saints, Keith, Lundby, Stein S.
• Primary Examiner(s): VU, HUY DUY
• Application Number:
  US09/293,527
• Time in Patent Office: 1,062 Days
• Field of Search: 370/320, 370/334, 370/335, 370/342, 370/345, 370/441, 370/442, 370/479, 370/208, 370/209, 375/205, 375/206, 375/208, 375/200, 375/296, 375/298, 375/346, 375/347, 375/349, 375/201, 455/101, 455/132, 455/137, 455/133
• US Class Current: 370/209
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/09 Error detection only, e.g. using cyclic redundancy check [CRC] codes or single parity bit
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/23 using convolutional codes, e.g. unit memory codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/2957 Turbo codes and decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/709709 Methods of preventing interference
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0613 using simultaneous transmission H04B7/0686 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0671 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0678 using different spreading codes between antennas code allocation H04J13/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0697 using spatial multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0894 using different delays between antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0041 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0071 Use of interleaving interleaving per se H03M13/27
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/06 using space diversity

Abstract

Apparatuses for a transmitter and a receiver which enhance the performance of a system utilizing interleaving and transmit diversity by reordering the sequence of symbols transmitted along the different transmission channels. This enhancement is accomplished by providing different shuffling functions in conjunction with the interleavers and deinterleavers used with different transmission channels, which decreases the probability of loss of sequential symbols when transmission channels or antennas become correlated.

Claims

1. An apparatus for transmitting an information signal, comprising:

first interleaver means for receiving a first portion of said information signal and for reordering the symbols of said first portion of said information signal in accordance with a first interleaving format to provide a first interleaved signal;

first transmission subsystem for receiving said first interleaved signal and for transmitting said first interleaved signal on a first transmission channel;

second interleaver means for receiving a second portion of said information signal and reordering the symbols of said second portion of said information signal in accordance with a second interleaving format to provide a second interleaved signal;

second transmission subsystem for receiving said second interleaved signal and for transmitting said second interleaved signal on a second transmission channel; and

shuffler for receiving said second interleaved signal and shuffling the symbols from said second interleaved signal before transmission through said second transmission subsystem.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a demultiplexor for receiving said information signal and dividing said information signal into said first portion and said second portion, and providing said first portion to said first interleaver and providing said second portion to said second interleaver.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said demultiplexor divides up said information signal by placing each odd symbol into said first portion and placing each even symbol into said second portion.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a forward error correction module for receiving a set of bits and for encoding in accordance with a predetermined forward error correction format to provide said information signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said forward error correction format is a convolutional encoding format.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said forward error correction format is a turbo coding format.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first interleaving format and said second interleaving format are block interleaving formats.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first interleaving format and said second interleaving format are bit reversal interleaving.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first interleaving format is a block interleaving format and said second interleaving format is a bit reversal interleaving format.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first interleaving format and said second interleaving format are the same.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shuffler performs shuffling by cyclically rotating sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said predetermined number is four.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said shuffler rotates said sets of four symbols by two symbols.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said shuffler performs shuffling by flipping sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said predetermined number is four.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first transmission subsystem transmits said first interleaved signal on a first transmission channel by spreading said first interleaved signal in accordance with a first Walsh function to produce a first Walsh coded signal;

and

wherein said second transmission subsystem transmits said second interleaved signal on a second transmission channel by spreading said second interleaved signal in accordance with a second Walsh function to produce a second Walsh coded signal.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first Walsh function is the same as said second Walsh function.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first Walsh function is orthogonal to said second Walsh function.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said first transmission subsystem and said second transmission subsystem are synchronized in time and phase.

21. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first transmission subsystem further comprises a first PN spreader for receiving said first Walsh coded signal and spreading said first Walsh coded signal in accordance with a first pseudonoise (PN) function to provide a first PN spread signal, and said second transmission subsystem further comprises a second PN spreader for receiving said second Walsh coded signal and spreading said second Walsh coded signal in accordance with a second pseudonoise (PN) function to provide a second PN spread signal.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said first PN spreader and said second PN spreader utilize quadrature PN spreading.

23. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said first PN spreader and said second PN spreader utilize complex PN spreading.

24. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said second transmission subsystem further comprises a delay element for receiving said second PN spread signal and producing a delayed PN spread signal.

25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said first transmission subsystem further comprises a first transmitter for upconverting to a first frequency and amplifying said first PN spread signal and producing a first transmission signal, and said second transmission subsystem further comprises a second transmitter for upconverting to a second frequency and amplifying said delayed PN spread signal and producing a second transmission signal.

26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said first transmitter transmits said first transmission signal through an antenna and said second transmitter said second transmission signal through said antenna.

27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said first transmitter transmits said first transmission signal through a first antenna and said second transmitter said second transmission signal through a second antenna.

28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said first frequency is equal to said second frequency.

29. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein said first frequency is greater than said second frequency.

30. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said first transmission subsystem further comprises a first transmitter for upconverting to a first frequency and amplify said first PN spread signal and producing a first transmission signal;

and

said second transmission subsystem further comprises a second transmitter for upconverting to a second frequency and amplifying said second PN spread signal and producing a second transmission signal.

31. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said first transmitter transmits said first transmission signal through a first antenna and said second transmitter said second transmission signal through a second antenna.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said first frequency is equal to said second frequency.

33. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said first frequency is greater than said second frequency.

34. The apparatus of claim 30 wherein said first transmitter transmits said first transmission signal through an antenna and said second transmitter said second transmission signal through said antenna.

11. An apparatus for transmitting an information signal, comprising:

first interleaver means for receiving a first portion of said information signal and for reordering the symbols of said first portion of said information signal in accordance with a first interleaving format to provide a first interleaved signal;

first transmission subsystem for receiving said first interleaved signal and for transmitting said first interleaved signal on a first transmission channel;

second interleaver means for receiving a second portion of said information signal and reordering the symbols of said second portion of said information signal in accordance with a second interleaving format to provide a second interleaved signal, wherein said second interleaver means comprises;

a interleaver subsystem for reordering symbols in accordance with a predetermined interleaver format to provide a pre-shuffled signal and a shuffler for receiving said pre-shuffled signal and shuffling the symbols from said pre-shuffled to produce said second interleaved signal; and

second transmission subsystem for receiving said second interleaved signal and for transmitting said second interleaved signal on a second transmission channel.

35. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said shuffler performs shuffling by cyclically rotating sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

36. The apparatus of claim 35 wherein said predetermined number is four.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 said shuffler rotates said sets of four symbols by two symbols.

38. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said shuffler performs shuffling by flipping sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said predetermined number is four.

40. An apparatus for receiving an information signal, comprising:

first demodulation subsystem for receiving a first portion of a received signal, demodulating said first portion to create a first demodulated signal;

first deinterleaver for deinterleaving said first demodulated signal according to a first deinterleaving format to produce a first deinterleaved signal;

second demodulation subsystem for receiving a second portion of a received signal, demodulating said second portion to create a second demodulated signal;

second deinterleaver for deinterleaving said second demodulated signal according to a second deinterleaving format to produce a second deinterleaved signal; and

deshuffler, operably connected between said second demodulation subsystem and said second deinterleaver, for receiving said second demodulated signal and unshuffling said second demodulated signal to produce an unshuffled signal used by said second deinterleaver.

41. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising a multiplexor for receiving said first deinterleaved signal land said second deinterleaved signal and combining them to create a multiplexed signal.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said multiplexor produces the stream of symbols contained in said multiplexed signal by alternating symbols received in said first deinterleaved signal and said second deinterleaved signal, wherein all odd symbols of said demultiplexed signal are extracted from said first deinterleaved signal, and all even symbols are extracted from said second deinterleaved signal.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 further comprising a forward error correction decoder for receiving said demultiplexed signal and decoding said demultiplexed signal in accordance with a predetermined forward error correction format to extract an information signal from said demultiplexed signal.

44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said forward error correction decoder is a turbo decoder.

45. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said forward error correction decoder is a trellis decoder.

46. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said forward error correction decoder is a soft decision decoder.

47. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said forward error correction decoder is block decoder.

48. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said first deinterleaver and said second deinterleaver are block deinterleavers.

49. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said first deinterleaver and said second deinterleaver are bit reversal deinterleavers.

50. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said first deinterleaver is a block deinterleaver and said second deinterleaver is a bit reversal deinterleaver.

51. The apparatus of claim 41 wherein said first deinterleaving format is the same as said second deinterleaving format.

53. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said deshuffler performs deshuffling by cyclically rotating sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

54. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein said predetermined number is four.

55. The apparatus of claim 54 wherein said deshuffler rotates said sets of four symbols by two symbols.

56. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said deshuffler performs deshuffling by flipping sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

57. The apparatus of claim 56 wherein said predetermined number is four.

58. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said first demodulation subsystem further comprises a first PN despreader for receiving said first portion of said received signal and despreading said first portion of said received signal in accordance with a first pseudonoise (PN) sequence to produce a first PN despread signal;

and

wherein said second demodulation subsystem further comprises a second PN despreader for receiving said second portion of said received signal and despreading said second portion of said received signal in accordance with a second PN sequence to produce a second PN despread signal.

59. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein said first PN despreader and said second PN despreader are quadrature PN despreaders.

60. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein said first PN despreader and said second PN despreader are complex PN, despreaders.

61. The apparatus of claim 58 further comprising a searcher for providing time offsets used for PN despreading by said PN despreaders.

62. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein said first demodulation subsystem further comprises a first Walsh despreader for receiving said first PN despread signal and despreading said first PN despread signal in accordance with a first Walsh function to produce a first Walsh decoded signal;

and

wherein said second transmission subsystem further comprises a second Walsh despreader for receiving said second PN despread signal and despreading said second PN despread signal in accordance with a second Walsh function to produce a second Walsh decoded signal.

63. The apparatus of claim 62 wherein said first Walsh function and said second Walsh function are the same as each other.

64. The apparatus of claim 62 wherein said first Walsh function is orthogonal to second Walsh function.

65. The apparatus of claim 40 wherein said first demodulation subsystem further comprises a first receiver subsystem for amplifying and downconverting from a first frequency a received signal to produce said first portion of a received signal, and

wherein said second demodulation subsystem further comprises a second receiver subsystem for amplifying and downconverting from a second frequency said received signal to produce said second portion of a received signal.

66. The apparatus of claim 65 wherein said first frequency is equal to said second frequency.

67. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein said first demodulation subsystem and said second demodulation subsystem share a single receiver subsystem.

68. The apparatus of claim 65 wherein said first frequency is greater than said second frequency.

52. An apparatus for receiving an information signal, comprising:

first demodulation subsystem for receiving a first portion of a received signal, demodulating said first portion to create a first demodulated signal;

first deinterleaver for deinterleaving said first demodulated signal according to a first deinterleaving format to produce a first deinterleaved signal;

second demodulation subsystem for receiving a second portion of a received signal, demodulating said second portion to create a second demodulated signal; and

second deinterleaver for deinterleaving said second demodulated signal according to a second deinterleaving format to produce a second deinterleaved signal, wherein said second deinterleaver further comprises a deshuffler for unshuffling said second demodulated signal prior to performing said deinterleaving.

69. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein said deshuffler performs deshuffling by cyclically rotating sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

70. The apparatus of claim 69 wherein said predetermined number is four.

71. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein said deshuffler rotates said sets of four symbols by two symbols.

72. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein said deshuffler performs deshuffling by flipping sets of a predetermined number of symbols.

73. The apparatus of claim 72 wherein said predetermined number is four.