Apparatus and method for digital data transmission using orthogonal codes

• US 6,356,555 B1
• Filed: 07/19/1996
• Issued: 03/12/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Terayon Communications Systems Incorporated (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Azenkot, Yehuda, Rakib, Selim Shlomo
• Primary Examiner(s): NGO, RICKY QUOC
• Application Number:
  US08/684,243
• Time in Patent Office: 2,062 Days
• Field of Search: 370/203, 370/204, 370/208, 370/441, 370/479, 370/442, 370/478, 370/480, 370/486, 370/487, 370/503, 370/270, 370/280, 370/329, 370/335, 370/336, 370/337, 370/341, 370/342, 370/345, 370/347, 370/350, 370/206, 375/130, 375/222-257, 375/354, 375/356
• US Class Current: 370/441
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/256 with trellis coding, e.g. with convolutional codes and TCM
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/41 using the Viterbi algorithm or Viterbi processors
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/4169 using traceback H03M13/4192 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/6343 Error control coding in combination with techniques for partial response channels, e.g. recording
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/709709 Methods of preventing interference
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/2668 Arrangements for Wireless Code-Division Multiple Access [CDMA] System Synchronisation, for code acquisition H04B1/7075, for code tracking H04B1/7085
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/46 specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53-H04H20/95
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/78 CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 60/97 using uplink of the CATV systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/00 Code division multiplex systems for frequency hopping H04B1/713
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0022 PN, e.g. Kronecker
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/004 Orthogonal
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/18 Allocation of orthogonal codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/007 Orthogonal Optical Code Multiplex
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2801 Broadband local area networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03414 Multicarrier
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03343 Arrangements at the transmitter end
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/362 Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated H04L27/366 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/3872 Compensation for phase rotation in the demodulated signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0016 : Time-frequency-code
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/06 : the signals being represented by different frequencies combined with time-division multiplexing H04L5/26
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2383 : Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by adapting the channel coding H04L1/0009; analogue front ends or means for connecting modulators, demodulators or transceivers to a transmission line H04L27/0002
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2385 : Channel allocation H04N21/266 takes precedence; Bandwidth allocation H04N21/24 takes precedence ; allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users in time-division multiplex systems H04J3/1682; admission control, resource allocation in open networks H04L12/5692; arrangements for maintenance or administration in data switching networks involving bandwidth and capacity management H04L41/0896; negotiating bandwidth in wireless networks H04W28/16
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/242 : Synchronization processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Program Clock References] arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems in broadcast distribution systems H04H20/18
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47202 : for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/10 : Adaptations for transmission by electrical cable H04N7/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/17309 : Transmission or handling of upstream communications
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/24 : Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/26 : Resource reservation
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/18 : Information format or content conversion, e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/16 : Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0216 : using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/00 : Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/0866 : using a dedicated channel for access
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A method and apparatus for carrying out synchronous co-division multiple access (SCDMA) communication of multiple channels of digital data over a shared transmission media such as a cable television system coaxial cable, a fiber optic or copper conductor telephone link, terrestial microwave, satellite link, local or wide area network, wireless including cellur network or some combination of these media using suitable interface circuitry. The system includes modems at remote units and a central unit to receive time division multiplexed digital data arranged into timeslots or channels and uses orthogonal codes to encode each channel of multiple data and spread the energy of each channel data over a frame of data transmitted in the code domain. Spreading the data this way makes the system less susceptible to impulse noise. Frames are synchronized as between remote and central units using a ranging scheme which is also useful in any other system transmitting data by frames in a distributed system where synchronizing the frames as between all units regardless of differences in propagation delays is necessary. Each frame in the SCDMA modulation scheme includes a gap or guardband containing no other data. The ranging process involves training each remote unit to impose enough delay prior to re-transmission of a barker code received from the CU such that a barker code sent by the RU arrives at the CU during the gap. The process of setting the delay in each RU is a trial and error process, and each RU starts the ranging process asynchronously. Contention resolution protocols such that only one RU is aligning to the gap at any particular time are taught.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting multiple channels of digital data encoding supplemental services from a plurality of remote transceivers to a headend transceiver, said transmission carried out over a transmission media simultaneously with transmissions carrying other services, comprising:

receiving multiple channels of digital data that has been encoded with supplemental services, said channels of digital data organized as a time division multiple access stream with multiple timeslots, each timeslot corresponding to one upstream logical channel, one or more timeslot assigned to carry data from each channel;

selecting portions of said digital data from each channel and organizing said portions as an information vector having n elements and inserting known preamble data into at least some information vectors;

performing code division multiplexing by performing a matrix multiplication of said information vector times a code matrix comprised of n orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes using a chip clock which is synchronized to a chip clock in said headend transceiver, each code assigned to one said channel and comprising one row or one column of said code matrix and having n elements, said matrix multiplication generating a spread spectrum result vector having n elements;

using the n elements of said result vector to create the information content in one or more radio frequency signals each radio frequency signal being synchronized in frequency with a local oscillator signal in said headend transceiver and each radio frequency signal being selected and filtered so as to have a center frequency and bandwidth so as to not interfere with said other services and transmitting said resulting radio frequency signals on said transmission media.

2. The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of Trellis encoding each element of said information vector so as to create real and imaginary information vectors, and wherein said step of code division multiplexing comprises multiplying each of said real and imaginary information vectors times a spreading code from a set of orthogonal spreading codes to generate real and imaginary result vectors, and wherein the step of using the n elements of said result vector to create the information content in one or more radio frequency carriers comprises the steps of using said real and imaginary result vectors to create the information content of first and second radio frequency signals respectively by carrierless modulation using first and second shaping filters wherein the transfer function of one of said shaping filters is the Hilbert transform of the transfer function of the other of said shaping filters such that the Fourier spectrum of the filtered data output from one of said shaping filters is orthogonal in the frequency domain to the Fourier spectrum of the filtered data output from the other shaping filter, and wherein said step of selecting portions includes the steps of selecting portions of the data of each channel for organizing said portions of each said information vector so as to be interleaved in a way to overcome burst noise, and further comprising the step of filtering said result vectors in a precode equalization filter using upstream equalization coefficients received from said headend transceiver.

3. A method for transmitting multiple channels of upstream digital data to a central unit modem from a plurality of remote unit modems, said transmission carried out over a transmission media simultaneously with transmissions carrying other services, comprising:

receiving at each of said remote unit modems multiple input channels of upstream digital data

at each remote unit modem generating upstream frames of data from said upstream data received by said remote unit modems by interleaving portions of said upstream digital data from each of said multiple channels and organizing said portions as an information vector having n elements, each element of each said information vector corresponding to one upstream logical channel, and only elements corresponding to an upstream logical channel assigned to said remote unit modem containing data from one or more input channels;

performing code division multiplexing on said information vector using n orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes and a chip clock which is synchronous to a chip clock in said central unit modem to generate a result vector having n elements each containing spread spectrum data resulting from the matrix multiplication partial product sums of said information vector elements that contain data times said n spreading codes;

using the n elements of said result vector to create the information content in one or more radio frequency signals, each said radio frequency signal being synchronized in frequency with a local oscillator signal in said central unit modem and each radio frequency signal being selected and filtered so as to have a center frequency and bandwidth so as to not interfere with said other services, and transmitting the resulting radio frequency signals on said transmission media using a predetermined transmit frame timing delay which will cause frame synchronization to exist;

performing a ranging process in each said remote unit modem so as to establish said transmit frame timing delay at a proper interval for each said remote unit modem such that each frame transmitted from each remote unit modem is staggered in time to compensate for the different propagation delays from said remote unit modem to said central unit modem so that said frame arrives at said central unit modem from each different remote unit modem with their frame boundaries aligned in time with the frame boundaries of frames transmitted by other remote unit modems regardless of differences in propagation time from each remote unit modem to said central unit modem.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of Trellis code modulating the elements of each said information vector to generate real and imaginary information vectors from each said information vector, and wherein said step of code division multiplexing comprises matrix multiplication of each said real information vector times a code matrix to generate an inphase result vector and matrix multiplication of said imaginary information vector times the same code matrix to generate a quadrature result vector, and wherein the step of using the n elements of said result vector to create the information content of one or more radio frequency carriers comprises the steps of:

filtering said inphase and quadrature result vectors in a precode equalization filter having coefficients derived by said central unit modem so as to predistort the spectrum of said inphase and quadrature result vectors to compensate for channel impairments; and

filtering the digital data of said inphase and quadrature result vectors using inphase and quadrature shaping filters each of which has a transfer function that satisfies the Nyquist criteria and which limits the bandwidth of the Fourier spectrum of the resulting filtered data to a predetermined bandwidth selected so as to not interfere with said other services, and wherein the transfer function of one of said shaping filters is the Hilbert transform of the transfer function of the other of said shaping filters such that the Fourier spectrum of the filtered data output from said inphase shaping filter is orthogonal in the frequency domain to the Fourier spectrum of the filtered data output from said quadrature shaping filter.

5. A method for transmitting multiple channels of digital data from a central unit transceiver to a plurality of remote unit transceivers, and transmitting different multiple channels of digital data from at least some of said remote unit transceivers to said central unit transceiver, said transmission carried out over a transmission media simultaneously with transmissions carrying other services, comprising:

receiving at said central unit transceiver multiple channels of digital data encoding downstream data of some or all of said supplemental services served by different sources, said multiple channels organized as a time division multiple access (hereafter TDMA) stream with n timeslots comprising each frame, one or more timeslots assigned to carry data from said server for each different source of a supplemental service but not necessarily carrying data of the assigned supplemental service during each frame;

receiving at each said remote unit transceiver multiple different channels of digital data than are received by said central unit transceiver, said multiple different channels encoding upstream data of some or all of said supplemental services served by different sources, said multiple channels organized as a time division multiple access (hereafter TDMA) stream with n timeslots comprising each frame, one or more timeslots assigned to carry data from said server for each different source of a supplemental service but not necessarily carrying data of the assigned supplemental service during each frame;

establishing CU frame boundary timing reference signals in said central unit transmitter from the frame boundaries of said TDMA stream received at said central unit transceiver and synchronizing downstream frame transmissions from said central unit transceiver to said remote unit transceiver to said CU frame boundary timing reference signals;

at each remote unit transceiver, selecting portions of said digital data from each timeslot of the TDMA stream received by each said remote unit transceiver and organizing said portions as an information vector having n elements, each element having interleaved data, and each element corresponding to one upstream logical channel with at least one information vector generated per frame, each frame in said remote unit having the same duration as any central unit frame, and inserting known preamble data in at least some of said information vectors of each transmission from a remote unit transceiver;

Trellis encoding each said information vector to generate in phase and quadrature information vectors that have been encoded with redundant error correction data;

performing a ranging process in each remote unit transceiver to establish frame synchronization by finding a suitable transmit frame timing delay such that each frame transmitted from each remote unit transceiver will arrive at said central unit transceiver aligned with the CU frame boundaries of said central unit transceiver regardless of differences in propagation time from each remote unit transceiver to said central unit transceiver;

after remote unit transceiver achieves frame synchronization, transmitting data from said central unit transceiver to each said remote unit transceiver which will enable each remote unit transceiver to synchronize a local oscillator used to generate one or more radio frequency carriers to the frequency of a local oscillator in said central unit transceiver used to generate one or more downstream carriers, and which will also enable each remote unit transceiver to synchronize a local chip clock to a chip clock in said central unit transceiver;

transmitting upstream training data from each said remote unit transceiver which has achieved frame synchronization;

in said central unit transceiver, receiving said training data transmission from each said remote unit transceiver and performing an equalization process on each said training data transmission to derive equalization coefficients for use by said remote unit transceiver which sent said training data in filtering its upstream transmissions so as to predistort the spectrum thereof to compensate for channel impairments, and sending each set of equalization coefficients downstream to the appropriate remote unit transceiver;

transmitting downstream data from said central unit transceiver to said remote unit transceivers that is payload data and also includes spreading code allocations to remote unit transceivers which have requested bandwidth, and recovering said downstream data and spreading code allocations in some or all of said remote unit transceivers;

in at least each remote unit transceiver which has received a spreading code allocation, performing code division multiplexing of upstream data by performing a matrix multiplication of each said in phase and quadrature information vector times a code matrix comprised of n orthogonal spreading codes using said chip clock of said remote unit transceiver that has been synchronized to said chip clock of said central unit transceiver, each spreading code permanently or temporarily assigned to one said logical channel and having n elements, said matrix multiplication generating an in phase and quadrature result vector for each in phase and quadrature information vector, each said result vector having n elements, each element of said result vector containing spread spectrum data resulting from said matrix multiplication of the corresponding information vector times the spreading codes in said code matrix;

filtering each said in phase and quadrature result vector using an equalization filter having said equalization filter coefficients received from said central unit transceiver derived from said equalization training process performed on said training data transmitted by said remote unit transceiver;

in at least the remote unit transceivers that have generated result vectors, using the n elements of each said in phase and quadrature result vectors to create the information content in two quadrature radio frequency signals that are frequency synchronized with a local oscillator in said central unit transceiver by carrierless modulation, or by using two quadrature radio frequency carriers which have been generated from said remote unit transceiver local oscillator that has been synchronized in frequency with a local oscillator in said central unit transceiver and each said quadrature radio frequency carrier having the same frequency but one being an integer multiple of 90 degrees out of phase with the other and each quadrature radio frequency carrier having a center frequency selected so as to not interfere with other transmissions of other services simultaneously transmitted on said media, and transmitting the resulting radio frequency carriers on said transmission media using said predetermined transmit frame timing delay established for the remote unit transceiver making the transmission during said ranging process while limiting the overall bandwidth of the resulting radio frequency signals so as to not interfere with said other services being simultaneously transmitted on said transmission media;

in said central unit transceiver, using said known preamble data in each transmission from each said remote unit transceiver to generate phase and amplitude error correction factors for use in receiving transmissions from said remote unit transceiver and using said phase and amplitude error correction factors calculated for each remote unit transceiver to recover the data transmitted by that remote unit transceiver.

6. A method for transmitting to a central unit multiple channels of digital data generated by a plurality of sources coupled to a plurality of physically distributed remote units which are coupled to said central unit via a cable television medium designed to carry radio frequency signals, said multiple channels of digital data being transmitted simultaneously over said cable television medium as a plurality of frames of digital data, said cable television medium also carrying frequency division multiplexed cable television programming, comprising:

establishing frame synchronization at each remote unit by determining a transmit frame timing delay for each said remote unit such that, when each remote unit transmits a numbered upstream frame of data using that remote unit'"'"'s transmit frame timing delay, said frame will arrive at said central unit simultaneously with like numbered frames transmitted by other remote units;

in each remote unit, after achieving initial frame synchronization, setting default values for initial transmit power, upstream equalization coefficients and fine timing alignment values;

in each remote unit after achieving initial frame synchronization, periodically adjusting said fine timing alignment value by sending training data spread by a predetermined one of a plurality of orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes and determining from feedback messages from said central unit if the value of said transmit frame timing delay is still correct, and, if not, performing a fine tuning process to adjust the value of said fine timing alignment value so as to achieve a transmit frame timing delay which achieves precise frame synchronization;

in each remote unit after achieving initial frame synchronization, periodically performing a power alignment process by transmitting training data to said central unit using said initial transmit power level and monitoring one or more feedback messages from said central unit until a message is received which instructs said remote unit what transmit power level to use which will cause errors in receiving data transmitted by this remote unit to be minimized and adjusting said transmit power level to the value received from said central unit;

in each remote unit after achieving initial frame synchronization, periodically transmitting training data spread by a plurality of predetermined orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes and monitoring feedback messages received from said central unit until one or more messages is received which include upstream equalization coefficients for use by this remote unit to derive new upstream equalization coefficients to use in subsequent upstream transmissions, and using said upstream equalization coefficients received from said central unit to derive new upstream equalization coefficients and using said new upstream equalization coefficients for subsequent upstream transmissions;

receiving one or more channels of digital data at each remote unit;

at each remote unit, constructing an information vector by selecting portions of said digital data from each channel of digital data received at said remote unit and interleaving said portions as selected elements of said information vector having n elements where each element of said information vector corresponds to a single upstream logical channel but wherein any element of said information vector corresponding to a logical channel which is not assigned to said remote unit has no upstream payload data therein, and inserting known preamble data in at least some of said information vectors of each transmission from a remote unit;

Trellis encoding each element of each said information vector to add a selectable number of redundant bits and mapping the resulting bits of each element of each information vector into a constellation point of a quadrature amplitude modulation constellation so as to generate an inphase and quadrature information vector from each information vector;

at each remote unit, performing code division multiplexing by performing a matrix multiplication of each inphase and quadrature information vector times a code matrix comprised of n orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes, said matrix multiplication being performed using a chip clock which has been synchronized with a chip clock in said central unit generating inphase and quadrature result vectors corresponding to said inphase and quadrature information vectors, each inphase and quadrature result vector having n elements;

at each remote unit, after frame synchronization has been achieved by that remote unit, modulating the n elements of each said inphase and quadrature result vectors onto two radio frequency carriers of the same frequency but offset in phase by 90 degrees using QAM modulation, said radio frequency carriers being synchronized in frequency to a master carrier in said central unit.

7. The process of claim wherein said channels of digital data received by each remote unit are received in the form of a time division multiplexed data stream comprised of a plurality of timeslots wherein each timeslot contains one or more data bits from a source, and wherein the step of performing power alignment comprises the steps of initially setting the gain level of a scaler amplifier in each remote unit to one and repetitively sending training data having its spectrum spread by one of said orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes which is known to said central unit until an automatic gain control circuit in said central unit converges on a gain level which minimizes reception errors and said remote unit receives a message from said central unit including a gain level which said remote unit should use for subsequent upstream transmissions.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein said step of constructing said information vector comprises the steps of storing a portion of the bits from each timeslot in elements of one or more information vectors that correspond to logical channels and spreading codes that have been assigned at least temporarily to said remote unit for upstream transmissions, and further comprising the steps of recovering a master chip clock from a barker code transmitted from said central unit to each remote unit and synchronizing a local chip clock to said recovered master chip clock, and recovering from a pilot channel signal transmitted to all remote units from said central unit a master carrier signal and a kiloframe marker marking every 1000th upstream frame as counted by said central unit, and synchronizing a local carrier signal to said recovered master carrier signal and using said recovered kiloframe marker to construct said information vectors into numbered upstream frames transmitted from each remote unit so that spreading code assignments valid only for specifically numbered upstream frames can be successfully implemented in each remote unit so as to use spreading codes assigned by downstream messages from said central unit to spread the spectrum of only those information vectors which correspond to upstream frame numbers corresponding to the code assignment.

9. The process of claim 8 wherein each timeslot contains 9 bits, 8 of which are data from any source external to said remote unit and the 9th bit of which is available to send miscellaneous command and control information from the remote unit to said central unit, and wherein data from three information vectors are code division multiplexed from each remote unit to said central unit during each upstream frame, and wherein each information vector is constructed at a remote unit by placing three bits of a timeslot into an element of an information vector that corresponds to a logical channel assigned by said central unit for upstream transmissions by said remote unit and further including in said element a selected number of redundant bits generated by said Trellis encoding of said three bits, and repeating this process for each element of each information vector corresponding to an assigned upstream channel for three information vectors constructed during each frame so as to transmit all nine bits from a timeslot containing data during one frame in three elements of three different information vectors, all corresponding to the same assigned upstream channel, and further comprising the step of filtering said inphase and quadrature result vectors in a precode filter having filter coefficients derived from upstream equalization coefficients sent to said remote unit by said central unit, and wherein said step of modulating comprises the step of using said filtered inphase and quadrature result vectors to quadrature amplitude modulate said two radio frequency carriers, and wherein the step of establishing frame synchronization includes performing a boundless ranging process in each remote unit comprising the steps of receiving a frame from said central unit having any frame number and responding by sending back a response frame which includes a total turnaround time service request and the frame number of the downstream frame just received, and receiving back from said central unit a frame which includes the total turnaround time for said remote unit in the form of the difference between a downstream frame count in said central unit at the time said response frame was received and the downstream frame number included in the response frame received from said remote unit, and using said total turnaround time value received from said central unit along with spreading code assignments transmitted to said remote unit from said central unit so as to use the proper spreading codes assigned by said central unit for use by said remote unit to spread the spectra of its result vectors during certain, specifically numbered assigned upstream frames to spread the spectrum of data during specifically numbered, assigned upstream frames.

10. A process carried out in each of a plurality of physically dispersed remote transceivers for simultaneously transmitting multiple channels of digital data which has been encoded with supplemental services data and other services over the same transmission medium to a headend transceiver while substantially reducing interference, comprising:

receiving said one or more time division multiplexed data streams at one or more remote units and Trellis encoding the data bits from each timeslot into real and imaginary components and using said real and imaginary components to fill elements of inphase and quadrature information vectors that correspond to assigned logical channels characterized by the use of specified spreading codes used during specified upstream frames, each said inphase and quadrature information vector having N elements, the first element of each inphase and quadrature information vector corresponding to a first logical channel and the second element of each inphase and quadrature information vector corresponding to a second logical channel and so on for all elements, each of said upstream logical channels being one of a plurality of logical channels that are shared by a plurality of remote transceivers according to spreading code assignments from a said headend transceiver, the elements of said inphase and quadrature information vectors which are filled with data corresponding to one or more logical channels assigned to said remote transceiver by downstream code assignment messages from said central transceiver with all other elements containing no data, and inserting known preamble data into at least some of said information vectors;

recovering any modulated waveform encoding the central transceiver master carrier frequency and phase information in any way, and generating a synchronized local upstream carrier from said recovered waveform;

recovering in any way a master clock signal transmitted by said central transceiver and synchronizing a local chip clock to said recovered master clock signal;

recovering a downstream kiloframe signal transmitted by said central transceiver and using said kiloframe signal to synchronize an upstream frame counter in each remote transceiver to an upstream frame counter in said central transceiver;

performing any ranging process at each said remote transceiver to establish a transmit frame timing delay for said remote transceiver which will cause numbered frames of data transmitted from said remote transceiver to arrive aligned in time with the frame boundaries of like-numbered frames transmitted by others of said remote transceivers;

performing a training process initially after achieving frame synchronization and from time to time thereafter by transmitting training data spread by predetermined spreading codes to said central transceiver and receiving messages from said central transceiver addressed to specific remote transceivers containing instructions on how to fine tune said transmit frame timeing delay to maintain precise frame synchronization and containing instructions on how to adjust the transmit power of subsequent transmissions and containing upstream equalization coefficient data to use in deriving new upstream equalization coefficients for use in filtering subsequent upstream data transmissions;

individually spreading the energy of said inphase and quadrature information vector having data therein which is to be transmitted on one or more of said logical channels assigne to said remote transceiver using one or more of N orthogonal codes and said local chip clock to spread the spectrum of each inphase and quadrature information vector to generate an inphase and quadrature spread spectrum result vector for each corresponding pair of inphase and quadrature information vectors;

filtering said inphase and quadrature result vectors in a filter having equalization coefficients derived from said equalization coefficients transmitted from said central transceiver in response to transmission of said training data;

filtering each said inphase result vector using a real component shaping filter having a squared raised cosine transfer function in a real plane of the frequency domain and centered on a predetermined intermediate frequency synchronized to the frequency of said recovered master carrier and with a bandwidth selected to limit the bandwidth of the Fourier components of output signals from said real component shaping filter in said real plane of said frequency domain to a predetermined bandwidth selected so as to not interfere with other signals being transmitted on said transmission medium;

filtering each said quadrature result vector using an imaginary component shaping filter having a squared raised cosine transfer function in an imaginary plane of the frequency domain, the Fourier spectrum of the signals output by said imaginary component shaping filter being centered on said predetermined intermediate frequency synchronized to the frequency of said recovered master carrier and with a bandwidth selected to limit the bandwidth of the Fourier components of output signals from said imaginary component shaping filter in said imaginary plane of said frequency domain to a predetermined bandwidth selected so as to not interfere with other signals being transmitted on said transmission medium, and wherein the transfer function of said imaginary component shaping filter is the Hilbert transform of the transfer function of said real component shaping filter;

summing the output data from said real and imaginery component shaping filters;

converting said digital data output from said summing step to an analog radio frequency signal at an intermediate frequency; and

altering the frequency of said intermediate frequency analog signal to a frequency that will not interfere with other services carried on said shared transmission medium such that said supplemental services are frequency division multiplexed with said other services and time division multiplexed between supplemental service data from different sources connected to the same remote transceiver and code division multiplexed between upstream transmissions from different remote transceivers.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein said step of performing training after frame synchronization has been achieved comprises the steps of:

in each remote unit, setting default values for initial transmit power, upstream equalization coefficients and a fine timing alignment value;

in each remote unit, periodically adjusting said fine timing alignment value by sending training data spread by a predetermined one of a plurality of adjacent orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes and determining from feedback messages from said central transceiver if the value of said transmit frame timing delay is still correct, and, if not, adjusting the value of said fine timing alignment value by an amount instructed in a message received from said central transceiver so as to achieve a transmit frame timing delay which achieves precise frame synchronization;

in each remote unit, performing a power alignment process by transmitting training data to said central unit using said initial transmit power level and incrementally increasing power on subsequent training data transmissions and monitoring one or more feedback messages from said central unit to determine if a message has been received indicating a transmission from the remote transciever has been received, and when a message is received which instructs said remote unit what transmit power level to use which will cause errors in receiving data transmitted by this remote unit to be minimized, adjusting said transmit power level to the value received from said central unit;

in each remote unit, periodically transmitting training data spread by a plurality of predetermined orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes and monitoring feedback messages received from said central unit until one or more messages is received which include upstream equalization coefficients for use by this remote unit to derive new upstream equalization coefficients to use in subsequent upstream transmissions, and using said upstream equalization coefficients received from said central unit to derive new upstream equalization coefficients and using said new upstream equalization coefficients for subsequent upstream transmissions.

12. The process of claim 11 further comprising the steps of:

during one or more frames of a second set of upstream frames, pseudorandomly assigning one or more new direct sequence spreading codes to one or more upstream logical channels for use by one or more of said remote transceivers in transmitting upstream data during said second set of upstream frames.

13. An apparatus for transmitting multiple channels of digital data encoded with supplemental services from a remote unit to a central unit over a shared transmission medium using synchronous code division multiple access transmission, comprising:

first means for accepting incoming data of a time division multiple access stream comprised of N time slots or channels each of which contains one or more bits of digital data encoding said supplemental services and organizing and interleaving and Trellis encoding the data of said N channels into a frame comprised of M contiguous inphase and quadrature information vectors a plurality of which comprise each upstream frame for transmission plus a guardband during which no data from said time division multiple access stream is transmitted, said reorganizing carried out by reorganizing and interleaving a portion of the data from each of said N channels into specific assigned elements of each of said M inphase and quadrature information vectors for each upstream frame, each information vector comprised of N elements, said specific assigned elements corresponding to logical upstream channels assigned to said remote unit, said elements comprising a subgroup of bits from one or more channels or timeslots of said time division multiple access stream plus a predetermined number of error detection and correction bits generated by a Trellis encoder, each inphase and quadrature information vector containing data only in elements that correspond to logical channels assigned to said remote unit, said Trellis encoder mapping each element of each said information vector into a real and imaginary components in said inphase and quadrature information vectors such that M inphase and quadrature information vectors are generated in each frame, said first means also for inserting known preamble bits in at least some of said information vectors;

means for synchronizing a local chip clock with a master chip clock in said central unit and for synchronizing a local carrier with a master carrier oscillator in said central unit;

second means for using said synchronized local chip clock to direct sequence spread spectrum encode each of said M inphase and quadrature information vectors using N orthogonal, cyclic spreading codes to generate M inphase and quadrature result vectors, said second means also for passing the data of said real and imaginary result vectors for each frame through an equalizating filter having filter coefficients received in a message from said central unit and through shaping passband filters having transfer functions which satisfy the Nyquist criteria and which are orthogonal to each other in the frequency domain by a Hilbert transform relationship and which have bandwidths which limit the resulting intermediate frequency signals represented by data exiting said shaping, passband filters to a predetermined bandwidth which will not interfere with other transmissions on said shared transmission medium and for summing the resulting data encoding intermediate frequency signals to generate M upstream frames of spread spectrum data for transmission, and converting the data encoding said M upstream frames into an analog signal of said intermediate frequency, and for converting said intermediate frequency signal encoding said M upstream frames to a radio frequency signal synchronized to said local carrier synchronized to said master carrier oscillator in said central unit, and which will not interfere with other services being carried on said transmission medium, the resulting radio frequency signal being M-ary QAM modulated, and for transmitting said modulated radio frequency carrier signals over said shared transmission medium; and

third means for adjusting the timing of said transmission of each frame from said remote unit to said central unit such that each transmitted frame arrives at said central unit aligned in time with frames transmitted by other remote units.

14. An apparatus in each remote unit of a system comprised of a plurality of physically dispersed remote units transmitting multiple channels of digital data from said plurality of remote units to a central unit over a cable television transmission medium using synchronous code division multiple access, comprising:

framer means in each remote unit for accepting incoming data of a time division multiple access stream comprised of N timeslots and for interleaving the data of said N channels over a frame comprised of M contiguous information vectors and a guardband, said interleaving being carried out by reorganizing said data from said N channels into one or more of N elements said M information vectors corresponding to N upstream logical channels assigned to said remote unit;

code division multiplexing means in each remote unit for providing code division multiple access spreading by encoding said M information vectors using a plurality of orthogonal, cyclic codes to generate M result vectors, and for using said M result vectors to modulate one or more radio frequency carrier signals to generate modulated RF signals, and for transmitting said modulated RF signals over said cable television transmission medium; and

ranging means in each said remote unit for adjusting the timing of transmissions to said central unit from said remote unit of each frame such that each transmitted frame from said remote unit arrives at said central unit simultaneously with frames transmitted from other remote units.

15. A transmitter apparatus for simultaneously transmitting to a receiver multiple channels of digital data over a cable television medium carrying cable television programming, comprising:

a framer circuit including interleaving circuitry to generate information vectors and to insert known preamble data;

a convolutional encoder to add error correction bits to each information vector to generate an inphase and quadrature information vectors from each information vector;

a carrier recovery circuit to synchronize a local carrier signal to a master carrier signal;

a clock recovery circuit for synchronizing a local chip clock to a master chip clock;

a code division multiplexer circuit coupled to said chip clock recovery circuit for spreading the spectrum of said inphase and quadrature information vectors using said synchronized local chip clock to generate inphase and quadrature result vectors;

an upstream equalization filter having coefficients received from a central transceiver to which said multiple channels of digital data are being transmitted which will equalize the channel between said transmitter and said central transceiver and coupled to filter said inphase and quadrature result vectors;

a scaling circuit for selectively altering the amplitude of the transmitted signal by said transmitter apparatus;

a modulator coupled to said carrier recovery circuit for using said inphase and quadrature result vectors to create the information content in one or more radio frequency signals which are synchronized in frequency to said local carrier signal and said master carrier signal; and

a ranging circuit to carry out one or more processes to determine the proper transmit frame timing delay to achieve frame synchronization such that frames transmitted to said central transceiver arrive there with their frame boundaries aligned in time with frames transmitted to said central transceiver from other transmitter apparatus.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a scrambler circuit coupled to receive elements of said information vector from said framer circuit, pseudorandomly scramble the bits of each element thereof to generate a scrambled information vector, and transmit said scrambled information vector to said convolutional encoder and wherein said convolutional encoder functions to encode the elements of said scrambled information vector with redundant error correction bits.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said convolutional encoder is a Trellis encoder which has an idle mode wherein only zeroes are added as redundant bits, a normal mode wherein a first selected number of redundant bits are added to each element of the information vector based upon the data selected from an appropriate earlier time to generate the same element of a previous information vector, and a fallback mode wherein a number of redundant bits larger than said first selected number of redundant bits are added to each element of said information vector to generate said new information vector, the mode in which said convolutional encoder operates being selectable by manipulation of a mode control signal transmitted to a mode control input of said convolutional encoder.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising code diversity means coupled to said framer circuit for controlling the order in which said information vector elements have their spectra spread, and further comprising a buffer memory for storing said scrambled information vector, said code diversity means controlling the locations in said buffer memory in which is stored each scrambled element of said scrambled information vector.

19. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a precode filter coupled to receive at least said elements of said result vector and to perform equalization filtering thereon to predistort said result vector elements prior to transmission to generate predistorted result vector elements which compensate for channel impairments and wherein said modulator uses said predistorted result vector elements to generate inphase and quadrature RF signals, said precode filter having an input for receiving coefficients which control the filter characteristics of the precode filter.

20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said coefficients are set from time to time so as to establish said filter characteristics of said precode filter based upon the position of the transmitter on said cable television media and the impairments then existing which will affect signals transmitted from a transmitter at that position.

21. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising a digital to analog converter circuit for converting result vector elements to analog values somewhere within the dynamic range of said analog to digital converter and to supply said analog values to said modulator for use in generation of said inphase and quadrature radio frequency signals, and further comprising a scaler circuit coupled to receive said result vector elements from said code division multiplexer and scale the amplitude of each one in accordance with a control signal the value of which is set in accordance with the number of said logical channels currently assigned to said remote unit so as to generate scaled result vector elements and to supply said scaled result vector elements to said digital to analog converter, said control signal set so as to cause scaling to a value which is effective to make full use of the dynamic range of said digital to analog converter.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising a shaping filter coupled to receive said scaled result vector elements before they are supplied to said analog to digital converter, said shaping filter having a raised cosine transfer function suitable to limit the bandwidth of the combined radio frequency signal generated by summing said inphase and quadrature radio frequency signals and suitable to satisfy the Nyquist criteria so as to optimize signal-to-noise ratio and minimize interference with signals from other transmitters coupled to said cable television media.

23. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein each timeslot contains 8 bits of data to which a 9th bit is added, said 9th bit encoded with predetermined nonpayload information, and wherein said framer circuit stores all 9 bits from each timeslots of upstream input data in locations in a memory in said framer circuit, and wherein said data is read out from said framer circuit in frames in a predetermined way so as to interleave said data, each frame comprised of three symbols, each symbol having N elements corresponding to the N elements of an information vector, and wherein, during each frame, said framer circuit outputs three sequential information vectors from which the three sequential symbols of the frame will be generated, the elements of each of said three sequential information vectors each being filled in with data corresponding to an upstream logical channel currently assigned to said transmitter apparatus, each said element having data containing three of the nine bits from a timeslot, said three bits hereafter called a tribit, and wherein said convolutional encoder has multiple modes one of which causes the addition of a 4th redundant bit to each tribit to generate the elements of said new information vector prior to code division multiplexing.

24. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said code division multiplexer circuit generates each of said N mathematically orthogonal codes from a cyclic code and is structured to perform said matrix multiplication by generating one orthogonal code, multiply each code element of the code so generated by a corresponding element of said new information vector, and sum the partial products to generate an element of said result vector and then generate the next orthogonal code from the cyclic code and repeat the process to generate the next element of said result vector.