Pressure sensor apparatus

• US 6,360,612 B1
• Filed: 01/29/1999
• Issued: 03/26/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Constantin M. Trantzas, Douglas D. Haas Jr
• Original Assignee: Constantin M. Trantzas, Douglas D. Haas Jr
• Inventors: Haas, Douglas D. Jr., Trantzas, Constantin M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fuller, Benjamin R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): AW MUSSE, ABDULLAHI H
• Application Number:
  US09/240,381
• Time in Patent Office: 1,152 Days
• Field of Search: 737/25, 737/19, 737/77, 737/74, 737/75, 737/80, 737/53, 738/624.73, 738/624.74, 738/626.27, 738/626.28, 738/626.8, 738/620.48, 738/620.46, 738/626.21, 738/626.22, 738/626.25, 738/626.26, 738/626.29, 738/626.32, 738/626.38, 738/620.42, 738/620.43, 738/620.45, 738/620.41, 200/86.R, 200/5.A
• US Class Current: 73/753
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/20 by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids of piezo-resistive materials G01L1/18; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/205 using distributed sensing elements

Abstract

A pressure sensor apparatus comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, each attached to and supported by one of a pair of backing sheets; a resistive electrode, having a known electrical resistance, attached to and supported by one of the backing sheets so as to provide an electrical conduction between the first electrode and the second electrode; a shunt electrode, having a resistance that is lower than the resistance of the resistive electrode and attached to and supported by one of the backing sheets; and at least one spacer disposed so as to maintain the shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to the resistive electrode, the shunt electrode configured such that, when pressure acts thereon, the shunt electrode contacts the resistive electrode and provides an electrical conduction between the resistive electrode and the shunt electrode.

Claims

1. A pressure sensor apparatus for measuring a linear distance between two outer locations of pressure comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode, each disposed on one of a pair of backing sheets;

a resistive electrode, having a known electrical resistance, disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets so as to provide an electrical conduction between said first electrode and said second electrode;

a continuous shunt electrode, having a resistance lower than said resistance of said resistive electrode, said shunt electrode disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets; and

a plurality of spacer elements, said plurality of spacer elements defining at least one contact region disposed along a length between said first and second electrodes, wherein said plurality of spacer elements are disposed so as to maintain said shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to said resistive electrode when substantially no pressure acts thereon, and wherein, upon a pressure being exerted on any portion thereon, said resistive electrode is shunted within said contact region for a distance substantially equal to the distance between said outer locations of said pressure such that said linear distance between two outer locations of pressure is measured in response to a change in resistance across said resistive electrode.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said linear distance between said outer locations of said pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second electrodes.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a width of an object exerting pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second electrodes.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a connector coupled to said shunt electrode, so as to allow measurement of resistance between said connector and said first electrode wherein a position of an object exerting pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in said resistance between said first and shunt electrodes.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one spacer is a selected from a group consisting of Mylar™

, Kapton™ and

polyester.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one spacer is disposed on at least one of said pair of backing sheets on opposite edges of said resistive electrode, said at least one spacer having a height that is greater than a height of said resistive electrode, and said shunt electrode having a width which is greater than a distance between said spacers.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first, second and shunt electrodes are comprised of a material selected from a group consisting of copper, silver, aluminum and conductive ink.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said first, second and shunt electrodes are comprised of conductive ink, said conductive ink comprising a graphite-based polymer thick film ink.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said resistive electrode is comprised of a material selected from a group consisting of carbon and a non-conductive ink.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said resistive electrode is comprised of non-conductive ink, said non-conductive ink comprising a titanium dioxide resistive ink.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said pair of backing sheets is thin and flexible.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein one of said pair of backing sheets is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of Mylar™

, Kapton™ and

polyester.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pair of backing sheets comprise a plurality of said resistive electrodes and shunt electrodes disposed in parallel to each other.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said pressure sensor apparatus is laminated.

15. A pressure sensor device for measuring a linear distance between two outer locations of pressure comprising:

a shunt electrode;

a resistive electrode having a first end and a second end;

a plurality of spacer elements, said plurality of spacer elements defining at least one contact region for providing a contact between said shunt and said resistive electrode, said spacer elements individually dispersed along a length defined between said first and second ends of said resistive electrode, wherein said plurality of spacer elements are disposed so as to maintain said shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to said resistive electrode when substantially no pressure acts thereon, and wherein, upon a pressure being exerted on any portion thereon, said resistive electrode is shunted for a distance substantially equal to the distance between said outer locations of said pressure, such that said linear distance between two outer locations of pressure is measured in response to a change in resistance across said resistive electrode.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein a position of said object on said sensor is measured in response to a change in resistance between said shunt electrode and a location along said resistive electrode.

17. A pressure sensor apparatus for measuring a linear distance between two outer locations of pressure comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode, each disposed on one of a pair of backing sheets;

a resistive electrode, having a known electrical resistance, disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets so as to provide an electrical conduction between said first electrode and said second electrode;

a continuous shunt electrode, having a resistance lower than said resistance of said resistive electrode, said shunt electrode disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets; and

a spacer defining at least one contact window disposed along a length between said first and second electrodes, wherein said spacer is disposed so as to maintain said shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to said resistive electrode when substantially no pressure acts thereon, and wherein, upon a pressure being exerted on any portion thereon, said resistive electrode is shunted for a distance substantially equal to the distance between said outer locations of said pressure such that said linear distance between two outer locations of pressure is measured in response to a change in resistance across said resistive electrode.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said linear distance between said outer locations of said pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second electrodes.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein a width of an object exerting pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second electrodes.

20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein a position of an object exerting pressure on said sensor is measured in response to a change in resistance between said first and shunt electrodes.

21. A pressure sensor device for measuring a linear distance between two outer locations of pressure comprising:

a continuous shunt electrode;

a resistive electrode having a first end and a second end;

a spacer defining at least one contact window disposed along a length between said first and second ends of said resistive electrode, wherein said spacer is disposed so as to maintain said shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to said resistive electrode when substantially no pressure acts thereon, and wherein, upon a pressure being exerted on any portion thereon, said resistive electrode is shunted for a distance substantially equal to the distance between said outer locations of said pressure such that said linear distance between two outer locations of pressure is measured in response to a change in resistance across said resistive electrode.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said linear distance between said outer locations of said pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second ends of said resistive electrode.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein a width of an object exerting pressure on said sensor corresponds to a change in resistance between said first and second ends of said resistive electrode.

24. The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein a position of an object exerting pressure on said sensor is measured in response to a change in resistance between said first end of said resistive electrode and said shunt electrode.

25. A pressure sensor apparatus for measuring a linear distance between two outer locations of pressure comprising:

a first electrode and a second electrode, each disposed on one of a pair of backing sheets;

a resistive electrode, having a known electrical resistance, disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets so as to provide an electrical conduction between said first electrode and said second electrode;

a continuous shunt electrode, having a resistance lower than said resistance of said resistive electrode, said shunt electrode disposed on one of said pair of backing sheets; and

a plurality of spacer elements, said plurality of spacer elements defining at least one contact region disposed along a length between said first and second electrodes, wherein said plurality of spacer elements are disposed so as to maintain said shunt electrode in a non-conductive arrangement relative to said resistive electrode when substantially no pressure acts thereon, and wherein, upon a pressure being exerted on any portion thereon, said resistive electrode is shunted within said contact region for a distance substantially equal to the distance between said outer locations of said pressure such that a position of one of said outer locations of said pressure is measured in response to a resistance between said first and shunt electrodes.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein said shunt electrode further comprises a connector for measuring said resistance between said shunt electrode and said first electrode.

27. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein said shunt electrode further comprises a connector for measuring said resistance between said shunt electrode and said first electrode, before and after exertion of said pressure.

28. The apparatus according to claim 25 wherein said distance between said outer locations of pressure is measured in response to a change in resistance of said resistive electrode, before and after exertion of said pressure.