Planar antenna with switched beam diversity for interference reduction in a mobile environment
First Claim
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1. An antenna apparatus for receiving and/or transmitting a radio frequency wave, the antenna apparatus comprising:
- (a) a high impedance surface;
(b) an antenna comprising a plurality of flared notch antennas disposed immediately adjacent said surface;
(c) a plurality of demodulators with each of said plurality of demodulators being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of flared notch antennas;
(d) a plurality of power sensors with each of said plurality of power sensors being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of demodulators; and
(e) a power decision circuit responsive to outputs of said power sensors for coupling selected one of said plurality of antennas to an output.
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Abstract
A directive antenna and method of directing a radio frequency wave received by and/or transmitted from the antenna. The antenna preferably includes a high impedance surface with a plurality of antenna elements disposed on said surface, a plurality of associated demodulators and power sensors and a switch. A Vivaldi Cloverleaf antenna is disclosed.
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Citations
51 Claims
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1. An antenna apparatus for receiving and/or transmitting a radio frequency wave, the antenna apparatus comprising:
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(a) a high impedance surface;
(b) an antenna comprising a plurality of flared notch antennas disposed immediately adjacent said surface;
(c) a plurality of demodulators with each of said plurality of demodulators being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of flared notch antennas;
(d) a plurality of power sensors with each of said plurality of power sensors being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of demodulators; and
(e) a power decision circuit responsive to outputs of said power sensors for coupling selected one of said plurality of antennas to an output. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. An antenna apparatus for receiving and/or transmitting a radio frequency wave, the antenna apparatus comprising:
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(a) a high impedance surface;
(b) an antenna comprising a plurality of antennas disposed immediately adjacent said surface;
(c) at least one demodulator coupled to said plurality of antennas;
(d) at least one power sensor coupled to said at least one demodulator; and
(e) a power decision circuit responsive to outputs of said at least one power sensor for coupling selected one of said plurality of antennas to an output. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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32. An antenna apparatus for receiving and/or transmitting a radio frequency wave, the antenna comprising:
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(a) a plurality of flared notch antennas disposed adjacent to each other and arranged such that their directions of maximum gain point in different directions, each of the flared notch antennas being associated with a pair of radio frequency radiating elements and wherein each radio frequency radiating element serves as a radio frequency radiating element for two different flared notch antennas;
(b) a plurality of demodulators with each of said plurality of demodulators being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of flared notch antennas;
(c) a plurality of power sensors with each of said plurality of power sensors being coupled to an associated one of said plurality of demodulators; and
(d) a power decision circuit responsive to outputs of said power sensors for coupling selected one of said plurality of antennas to an output. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A method of receiving and/or transmitting a radio frequency wave at an antenna apparatus comprising:
- a high impedance surface and an antenna comprising a plurality of antennas disposed immediately adjacent said surface such that, the method comprising the steps of;
(a) demodulating signals from said antennas;
(d) sensing power of signals from said antennas; and
(e) coupling said plurality of antennas to an output as a function of the sensed power of signals from said antennas. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
spacing the conductive regions from adjacent ones of said conductive regions; - and
sizing each conductive region to have an area less than 0.01 times the area of one of said conductive elements.
- a high impedance surface and an antenna comprising a plurality of antennas disposed immediately adjacent said surface such that, the method comprising the steps of;
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48. The method of claim 47 wherein the high impedance surface further includes an conductive ground plane disposed in a uniformly spaced relationship to said array of conductive regions.
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49. The method of claim 48 wherein the high impedance surface further includes a second array of conductive regions, and further including the steps of
spacing the conductive regions of said second array from adjacent ones of said conductive regions of said second array; - and
sizing each conductive region of said second array to have an area less than 0.01 times the area of one of said conductive elements.
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50. The method of claim 49 further including providing a plurality of conductive elements and coupling each of the conductive elements with said conductive regions of said second array and with said ground plane.
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51. The method of claim 50 further including sizing the conductive regions is said array of conductive regions so that said high impedance surface has a zero phase shift for said radio frequency wave.
- 43. The method of claim 43 wherein each element gradually increases in width over said majority of the distance from the central region to the outer extremity.
Specification