Controlled passive porosity systems to mitigate cavitation

• US 6,368,059 B1
• Filed: 07/28/2000
• Issued: 04/09/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Maines, Brant H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Look, Edward K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, NINH H
• Application Number:
  US09/627,636
• Time in Patent Office: 620 Days
• Field of Search: 415/914, 416/42, 416/90.R, 416/91, 416/90.A, 416/231.R
• US Class Current: 416/42
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 1/15 having vibration damping means
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 1/26 Blades
• CPC Class Codes: B63H 1/28 Other means for improving propeller efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 11/18 Aerodynamic features
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 21/025 for simultaneous blowing and sucking
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/06 by explicitly adjusting fluid flow, e.g. by using valves, variable aperture or slot areas, variable pump action or variable fluid pressure
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/14 achieving noise reductions
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/20 by passively inducing fluid flow, e.g. by means of a pressure difference between both ends of a slot or duct
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/22 by using a surface having multiple apertures of relatively small openings other than slots
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2230/28 at propeller or rotor blades
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/10 Drag reduction
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 415/914 Device to control boundary layer

Abstract

A controlled passive porosity system includes a lifting device for operation in a multi-phase liquid, the lifting device having a low pressure surface with a plurality of holes and a high pressure surface with a plurality of holes. A common plenum is disposed within the lifting device and allows fluid communication between liquid adjacent the high pressure surface and liquid adjacent the low pressure surface. When cavitation occurs adjacent to the low pressure surface, a series of valves associated with the holes allows selective and localized fluid communication between the surfaces. The fluid communication has the effect of raising the pressure of the liquid in the area of cavitation, thereby eliminating the cavitation. In an alternate embodiment, the lifting device includes a first plenum, a second plenum, and an intermediate fluid passage, the fluid passage fluidly connecting the first plenum and the second plenum. A valve disposed in the fluid passage selectively blocks or allows fluid communication between the high pressure surface and the low pressure surface to eliminate cavitation.

Claims

1. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the plurality of holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the plurality of holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum; and

at least one communication passage fluidly connecting the first plenum to the second plenum for allowing fluid flow from the second plenum to the first plenum.

10. The lifting device according to claim 1 wherein the first and second porosity regions occupy 10% to 20% of the total surface area of the lifting device.

11. The lifting device according to claim 1 wherein at least one communication passage comprises a plurality of communication passages extending between the first and second plenums.

2. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum; and

at least one valve for selectively blocking and allowing fluid flow from the plenums through at least one of the holes to communicate pressure of fluid flowing over one of the porosity regions to the other of the porosity regions.

3. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum;

at least one valve for selectively blocking and allowing fluid flow through at least one of the holes for changing pressure of fluid flowing over the first porosity region; and

at least one sensor operably connected to the valve for supplying the valve with information regarding the existence of cavitation.

4. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum;

at least one valve for selectively allowing and blocking fluid communication through the plenums between the holes of the first porosity region with the holes of the second porosity region, the valve allowing communication while in an open position and preventing communication while in a closed position;

at least one sensor for determining the existence of cavitation adjacent to the low pressure surface; and

a controller operably connected to the valve and the sensor, the controller causing the valve to open when the sensor signals that cavitation is occurring, the controller causing the valve to close when the sensor signals that cavitation is not present.

5. The lifting device according to claim 4 wherein the valve comprises an electromechanical valve located in one of the holes.

6. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum;

at least one valving plate having a plurality of holes for selectively blocking fluid communication through the lifting device between the holes of the first and second porosity regions, the holes of the valving plate adapted to align with selected ones of the holes in one of the porosity regions of the lifting device while in an open position, the valving plate being disposed within one of the plenums and having a closely matching contour of one of the surfaces of the lifting device, the valving plate being capable of movement within said one of the plenums between the open position and a closed position; and

the closed position being attained when the holes of the valving plate are misaligned with the selected holes of said one of the porosity regions, thereby preventing fluid communication of the liquid between the low pressure surface and the high pressure surface.

7. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum; and

wherein the first and the second plenums are joined to each other by a third plenum that extends around and beyond the leading edge.

8. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum;

at least one passage extending through the lifting device between the first and second plenums;

a valve located in the passage for selectively allowing and blocking flow through the passage;

at least one sensor for determining the existence of cavitation around the lifting device; and

a controller operably connected to the valve and the sensor, the controller opening the valve to eliminate cavitation or closing the valve when cavitation is not present.

9. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a leading edge, a trailing edge, a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, and a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, each of the porosity regions comprising a plurality of holes in one of the surfaces;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum; and

a valve mounted to each hole in one of the porosity regions for selectively blocking and allowing fluid flow through each of the holes in said one of the porosity regions.

12. A lifting device for imparting relative fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid comprising:

a low pressure surface having a first porosity region, the first porosity region having a plurality of holes;

a high pressure surface having a second porosity region, the second porosity region having a plurality of holes;

a trailing edge defined by the convergence of the low pressure surface and the high pressure surface;

a leading edge defined by a generally arcuate front surface that continuously joins the low pressure surface and the high pressure surface;

a first plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the first porosity region;

a second plenum located within the lifting device and in communication with the holes in the second porosity region, the second plenum being fluidly connected to the first plenum; and

at least one valve for selectively blocking and allowing fluid communication through the lifting device between the first and second porosity regions, the valve communicating pressure of liquid flowing over the high pressure surface with pressure of liquid flowing over the low pressure surface fluid while in an open position and preventing communication while in a closed position.

13. The lifting device according to claim 12 further comprising:

at least one sensor for determining the existence of cavitation in the liquid adjacent to the lifting device; and

at least one controller operably associated with the valve and the sensor, the controller opening the valve when the sensor signals that cavitation is occurring, the controller closing the valve when the sensor signals that cavitation is not occurring.

14. The lifting device according to claim 12 wherein:

the valve further comprises at least one valving plate having a plurality of holes for aligning with selected holes in one of the porosity regions while in the open position.

15. The lifting device according to claim 14 wherein said at least one valve comprises a plurality of valves, each of the valves being located at one of the holes in one of the porosity regions.

16. The lifting device according to claim 12 further comprising:

a plurality of passages extending between the first and second plenums;

wherein said at least one valve comprises a plurality of valves, each located in one of the passages.

17. The lifting device according to claim 12 wherein the first and second plenums are joined to each other by a third plenum that extends around and is recessed within the leading edge.

18. A method for mitigating cavitation occurrences around a lifting device having a low pressure surface and a high pressure surface, the lifting device being used to impart fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid, the method comprising:

providing a first porosity region having a plurality of holes in the low pressure surface;

providing a second porosity region having a plurality of holes in the high pressure surface;

providing a first plenum fluidly connected to the holes in the first porosity region;

providing a second plenum fluidly connected to the holes in the second porosity region;

fluidly connecting the first plenum to the second plenum; and

selectively communicating pressure of liquid flowing over the high pressure surface through the second porosity region, into the second plenum, into the first plenum, through the first porosity region, and to the low pressure surface.

19. A method for mitigating cavitation occurrences around a lifting device having a low pressure surface and a high pressure surface, the lifting device being used to impart fluid flow in a multi-phase liquid, the method comprising:

providing a first porosity region having a plurality of holes in the low pressure surface;

providing a second porosity region having a plurality of holes in the high pressure surface;

providing a first plenum fluidly connected to the holes in the first porosity region;

providing a second plenum fluidly connected to the holes in the second porosity region;

fluidly connecting the first plenum to the second plenum;

selectively communicating pressure of liquid flowing over the high pressure surface through the second porosity region, into the second plenum, into the first plenum, through the first porosity region, and to the low pressure surface;

sensing the pressure of the liquid adjacent the surfaces to determine the existence of cavitation; and

controlling the communication of pressure between the surfaces.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the step of controlling further comprises:

allowing communication when the sensing indicates that cavitation is occurring; and

preventing communication when the sensing indicates that cavitation is not present.