Volumetric computed tomography system for cardiac imaging

• US 6,370,217 B1
• Filed: 05/07/1999
• Issued: 04/09/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/1999
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Sun, Yi, Hu, Hui, He, Hui David, Fox, Stanley H., Hsieh, Jiang, Acharya, Kishore C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bruce, David V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hobden, Pamela R.
• Application Number:
  US09/307,400
• Publication Number:
  US 20020034276A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,068 Days
• Field of Search: 378/8, 378/9, 378/95, 378/98.8
• US Class Current: 378/8
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/027 characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/541 involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/612 biological material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]

Abstract

The present invention, in one form is an imaging system for generating images of an entire object. In one embodiment, a physiological cycle unit is used to determine the cycle of the moving object. By altering the rotational speed of an x-ray source as a function of the object cycle, segments of projection data are collected for each selected phase of the object during each rotation. After completing a plurality of rotations, the segments of projection data are combined and a cross-sectional image of the selected phase of the object is generated. As a result, minimizing motion artifacts.

Claims

1. A method for generating an image of an object using a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, the imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said method comprising:

identifying a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

selecting at least one phase of the object;

collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments from more than one cycle of the object; and

generating a cross-sectional image of the entire object from the projection data set.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments comprises generating a projection data set for each selected phase of the object by combining the projection data segments collected for the selected phase.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source comprises:

rotating the x-ray source a plurality of rotations; and

emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source towards the x-ray detector array from a plurality of projection angles.

4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source further comprises collecting each segment of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle.

11. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein selecting at least one phase of the object comprises:

selecting a first selected phase of the object; and

selecting a second selected phase of the object.

12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein identifying a physiological cycle of the object comprises identifying a physiological cycle of a heart including a systolic phase and a diastolic phase.

13. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein identifying a physiological cycle of the object comprises identifying a physiological cycle of a respiratory system.

14. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments comprises:

rotating the x-ray source a plurality of projection angles;

collecting projection data for a plurality of projection angles using the detector array; and

rebinning the projection data for each selected phase of the object.

15. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source comprises:

detecting an arrhythmic cycle of the object; and

collecting replacement projection data for the projection data collected during the arrhythmic cycle.

5. A method for generating an image of an object using a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, the imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said method comprising:

identifying a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

selecting at least one phase of the object;

collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generating a cross-sectional image of the entire object from the projection data set;

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source further comprises collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle;

and further wherein collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle comprises altering a rotation speed of the x-ray source.

6. A method in accordance with claim 5 wherein emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source towards an x-ray detector from a plurality of projection angles comprises emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source for a determined imaging temporal period.

7. A method for generating an image of an object using a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, the imaging system including an x-ray detector array and at least one rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said method comprising:

identifying a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

selecting at least one phase of the object;

collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generating a cross-sectional image of the entire object from the projection data set;

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source further comprises collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle;

wherein collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle comprises altering a rotation speed of the x-ray source;

wherein emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source towards an x-ray detector from a plurality of projection angles comprises emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source for a determined imaging temporal period; and

wherein the rotational speed of each x-ray source is determined in accordance with;

$V_G=\frac{1}{\left(T_c\pm <br><br>\left(n*R_t\right)\right)}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{revolutions}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right),$

where;

T_c is the cardiac cycle time in seconds;

n is an integer constant; and

R_t is the determined imaging temporal period in seconds.

8. A method for generating an image of an object using a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, the imaging system including an x-ray detector array and at least one rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said method comprising:

identifying a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

selecting at least one phase of the object,

collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generating a cross-sectional image of the entire object from the projection data set;

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source further comprises collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle;

wherein collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle comprises altering a rotation speed of the x-ray source;

wherein emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source towards an x-ray detector from a plurality of projection angles comprises emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source for a determined imaging temporal period; and

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each cycle of the object comprises altering the rotational speed of the x-ray source in accordance with;

$V_G=\left(\frac{180+\frac{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}}{n}}{180*w}\right),\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{rotations}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right)$

where;

w is a period of a physiological cycle (in seconds),

γ

is a projection angle range for a complete projection data set (in degrees), and

n is a selected integer number of cycles to collect a complete projection data set.

9. A method for generating an image of an object using a computed tomography (CT) imaging system, the imaging system including an x-ray detector array and at least one rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said method comprising:

identifying a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

selecting at least one phase of the object;

collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generating a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generating a cross-sectional image of the entire object from the projection data set;

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source further comprises collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle;

wherein collecting each set of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle comprises altering a rotation speed of the x-ray source;

wherein emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source towards an x-ray detector from a plurality of projection angles comprises emitting an x-ray beam from the x-ray source for a determined imaging temporal period; and

wherein collecting at least one segment of projection data for each cycle of the object comprises altering the rotational speed of the x-ray source in accordance with;

$V_G=\left(\frac{180+\frac{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}}{n}}{180*w}\right),\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{rotations}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right)$

where;

w is a period of a physiological cycle (in seconds),

γ

is a projection angle range for a complete projection data set (in degrees), and

n is a selected number of cycles to collect a complete projection data set.

10. A computed tomography (CT) imaging system for generating an image of an object, said imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said imaging system configured to:

identify a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object;

collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generate a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generate a cross-sectional image of the entire object from said projection data set;

wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data for each cycle of the object, said imaging system configured to alter the rotational speed of said x-ray source in accordance with;

$V_G=\left(\frac{180+\frac{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}}{n}}{180*w}\right),\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{rotations}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right)$

where;

w is a period of a physiological cycle (in seconds),

γ

is a projection angle range for a complete projection data set (in degrees), and

n is a selected integer number of cycles to collect a complete projection data set.

16. A computed tomography (CT) imaging system for generating an imaging of an object, said imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said imaging system configured to:

identify a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object;

collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generate a projection data set by combining said projection data segments from more than one cycle of the object; and

generate a cross-sectional image of the entire object from said projection data set.

17. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to generate a projection data set by combining said projectionsegments, said imaging system configured to generate said projection data set for each said selected phase of the object by combining said projection data segments collected for the selected phase.

18. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of said x-ray source, said imaging system configured to:

rotate said x-ray a plurality of rotations; and

emit an x-ray beam from said x-ray source toward said x-ray detector array from a plurality of projection angles.

19. An imaging system in accordance with claim 18 wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data from each selected phase of the object during each rotation of said x-ray source, said imaging system further configured to collect each segment of projection data for the selected phase from a different projection angle.

24. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein said rotating x-ray source is a first rotating x-ray source, said x-ray detector array is a first x-ray detector array, and further comprising a second rotating x-ray source and a second detector array, and wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data, said imaging system is configured to collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the first x-ray source.

25. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object, said imaging system configured to:

accept an input from an operator to select a first selected phase of the object; and

accept an input from an operator to select a second selected phase of the object.

26. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to identify a physiological cycle of the object, said imaging system configured to identify a physiological cycle of a heart comprising a systolic phase and a diastolic phase.

27. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to identify a physiological cycle of the object, said imaging system configured to identify a physiological cycle of a respiratory system.

28. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to generate a projection data set by combining the projection data segments, said imaging system configured to:

rotate said x-ray source a plurality of projection angles;

collect projection data for a plurality of projection angles using said detector array; and

rebin the projection data for each selected phase of the object.

29. An imaging system in accordance with claim 16 wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of said x-ray source, said imaging system configured to:

detect an arrhythmic cycle of the object; and

collect replacement projection data for the projection data collected during said arrhythmic cycle.

20. A computed tomography (CT) imaging system for generating an image of an object, said imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said imaging system configured to:

identify a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object;

collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generate a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generate a cross-sectional image of the entire object from said projection data set;

wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of said x-ray source, said system is configured to alter a rotational speed of the x-ray source.

21. An imaging system in accordance with claim 20 wherein to emit an x-ray beam from said x-ray source toward said x-ray detector array from a plurality of projection angles, said imaging system configured to emit an x-ray beam from said x-ray source for a determined imaging temporal period.

22. A computed tomography (CT) imaging system for generating an image of an object, said imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said imaging system configured to:

identify a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object;

collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generate a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generate a cross-sectional image of the entire object from said projection data set;

wherein the rotational speed of said x-ray source is determined in accordance with;

$V_G=\frac{1}{\left(T_C\pm <br><br>\left(n*R_t\right)\right)}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{revolutions}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right),$

where;

T_c is the cardiac cycle time in seconds;

n is an integer constant; and

R_t is said determined imaging temporal period in seconds.

23. A computed tomography (CT) imaging system for generating an image of an object, said imaging system including an x-ray detector array and a rotating x-ray source projecting an x-ray beam, said imaging system configured to:

identify a physiological cycle of the object, the cycle comprising a plurality of phases;

accept an input from an operator specifying at least one phase of the object;

collect at least one segment of projection data for each selected phase of the object during each rotation of the x-ray source;

generate a projection data set by combining the projection data segments; and

generate a cross-sectional image of the entire object from said projection data set;

wherein to collect at least one segment of projection data for each cycle of the object, said imaging system configured to alter the rotational speed of said x-ray source in accordance with;

$V_G=\left(\frac{180+\frac{\mathrm{\gamma <br><br>}}{n}}{180*w}\right),\left(\mathrm{in}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{rotations}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{per}<br><br>\text{\hspace{1em}<br><br>}<br><br>\mathrm{second}\right)$

where;

w is a period of a physiological cycle (in seconds),

γ

is a projection angle range for a complete projection data set (in degrees), and

n is a selected number of cycles to collect a complete projection data set.