Carbon fiber manufacturing via plasma technology

• US 6,372,192 B1
• Filed: 01/28/2000
• Issued: 04/16/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/28/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: UT-Battelle LLC
• Original Assignee: UT-Battelle LLC
• Inventors: Yarborough, Kenneth D., Paulauskas, Felix L., Meek, Thomas T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hendrickson, Stuart L.
• Application Number:
  US09/493,474
• Time in Patent Office: 809 Days
• Field of Search: 423/447.1, 423/447.7, 264/29.6, 204/157.43, 204/157.47, 204/155, 204/156
• US Class Current: 423/447.7
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 9/12 Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 9/145 from pitch or distillation residues
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 9/16 from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate D01F9/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 9/22 from polyacrylonitriles

Abstract

The disclosed invention introduces a novel method of manufacturing carbon and/or graphite fibers that avoids the high costs associated with conventional carbonization processes. The method of the present invention avoids these costs by utilizing plasma technology in connection with electromagnetic radiation to produce carbon and/or graphite fibers from fully or partially stabilized carbon fiber precursors. In general, the stabilized or partially stabilized carbon fiber precursors are placed under slight tension, in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and carbonized using a plasma and electromagnetic radiation having a power input which is increased as the fibers become more carbonized and progress towards a final carbon or graphite product. In an additional step, the final carbon or graphite product may be surface treated with an oxygen-plasma treatment to enhance adhesion to matrix materials.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing carbon and graphite fibers comprising submitting one or more stabilized carbon fiber precursors to a plasma in an oxygen-free atmosphere while irradiating the stabilized carbon fiber precursors with an electromagnetic radiation at increasing input power levels.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the stabilized carbon fiber precursor is selected from the group consisting of rayon-based fibers, pitch-based fibers and polyacrylonitrile-based fibers.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the plasma originates from a gas which is nitrogen, argon, helium, hydrogen, or a mixture thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein irradiation by electromagnetic radiation is performed using electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of between 3 KHz and 300 GHz.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein irradiation by electromagnetic radiation is performed using electromagnetic radiation having a frequency of between 0.5 GHz and 300 GHz.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the input power levels are between 250 W and 100 kW.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the input power levels are between 500 W and 15 kW.

8. The method of claim 1 comprising the additional step of introducing oxygen into the oxygen free atmosphere after the step of submitting the stabilized carbon fiber precursors to the plasma in the oxygen-free atmosphere while irradiating the stabilized carbon fiber precursors with electromagnetic radiation at increasing input power levels.