Method and apparatus for copy-once watermark for video recording

• US 6,374,036 B1
• Filed: 10/01/1998
• Issued: 04/16/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 10/08/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Macrovision Corporation (Adeia Inc.), Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Macrovision Corporation (Adeia Inc.), Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Rodriquez, Tony Forrest, Mellows, Andrew, Kurowski, Kordian J, Holzgrafe, James, Davidson, Clayton L., Capitant, Patrice, Ryan, John O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Boccio, Vincent F.
• Application Number:
  US09/164,859
• Time in Patent Office: 1,293 Days
• Field of Search: H04/N.591, 386/94, 386/95, 386/1, 386/5, 360/60, 705/57, 348/473, 380/226, 380/203, 380/201, 380/242, 380/46, 382/233
• US Class Current: 386/261
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0071 using multiple or alternating watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0064 for copy protection or copy management, e.g. CGMS, copy only once, one-time copy
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91314 the copy protection signal being a pulse signal inserted in blanking intervals of the video signal, e.g. pseudo-AGC pulses, pseudo-sync pulses
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91321 the copy protection signal being a copy protection control signal, e.g. a record inhibit signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91328 the copy protection signal being a copy management signal, e.g. a copy generation management signal [CGMS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2005/91335 the copy protection signal being a watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/913 for scrambling ; for copy protection

Abstract

Method and apparatus for “copy-once” of a digital video signal uses a watermark in the video signal. The embedded watermark has two versions: one indicates copy-never and a second indicates copy-once, the difference being a single watermark bit. The watermark carries additional bits representing a digitized attribute (image characteristic) of a particular video frame of the video signal, for instance an average value of the amplitude of a video field. The frame whose attribute is carried in the watermark has a field (or frame) marker, which is a special signal located in the overscan portion of the frame. A compliant video recorder verifies the watermark and the copy-once bit, extracts the associated attribute from the watermark, and compares it to the measured attribute of the marked video frame. Only if the extracted attribute value and the measured attribute value match is recording enabled. During the recording process, the frame markers are stripped, preventing second generation copies of the recorded video signal, and the copy-once bit is set to copy-never.

Claims

1. A method for copy protecting a digital video signal comprising the steps of:

placing a marker on selected fields or frames of the video signal;

measuring an image attribute of each of the selected frames; and

marking the video signal with a signal that includes a numeric representation of the measured attribute.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the marked signal is a watermark.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the attribute is calculated from an amplitude of a predetermined portion of the selected frame.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal includes at least one bit indicating that copying of the video signal is permitted.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the marker is located in an overscan portion of the frame.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the marker is located in a blanking interval of the frame.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the marker is a signal that is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal includes a portion that is a signal which is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the marker is a repeated chroma wave.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the marker is a repeated square waves.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the marker has a frequency between approximately 300 KHz and 1.4 MHz.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the marker is a checkerboard pattern including two complementary colors.

46. The method of claim 1, wherein the image attribute indicates video characteristics of the selected frames.

47. The method of claim 1, wherein the image attribute indicates positions of the selected frames.

48. The method of claim 1, wherein the image attribute indicates lengths between the selected frames.

13. A method of playing a protected video signal, the protected video signal including in at least one frame marker and having an associated signal including a numeric representation of an image attribute of the frame having the marker, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting the marker to identify a particular frame;

detecting the signal associated with the frame;

measuring the image attribute of the identified frame;

comparing the measured attribute to the numeric representation of the attribute for the identified frame; and

enabling recording of the video signal only if the comparing step indicates a match.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal is a watermark.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the attribute is calculated from an amplitude of a selected portion of the frame.

16. The method of claim 13, one further comprising determining if the signal includes a copy enable bit, and only enabling copying if the copy enable bit is present.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of changing the copy enable bit during the recording of the video signal.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker is located in an overscan portion of the frame.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker is located in a blanking interval of the frame.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker is a signal that is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the signal includes a portion that is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker is a repeated chroma wave.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the marker is a repeated square wave.

24. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker has a frequency between approximately 300 KHz and 1.4 MHz.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the marker is a checkerboard pattern including two complementary colors.

49. The method of claim 13, wherein the image attribute indicates video characteristics of the selected frames.

50. The method of claim 13, wherein the image attribute indicates positions of the selected frames.

51. The method of claim 13, wherein the image attribute indicates lengths between the selected frames.

26. A digital video recorder adapted for a copy-once protocol for a video signal, the recorder including:

video recording circuitry;

an input terminal for receiving the video signal;

a marker detector which detects a mark in a frame of the received video signal;

a detector which detects a signal associated with the frame;

attribute measuring circuitry which measures an image attribute of the frame; and

a comparator which compares the measured attribute to a numeric representation of the attribute in the signal and enables operation of the video recording circuitry only if there is a match.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the detector also determines if a copy enable bit is set in the digital signal watermark, and wherein the comparator only enables copying if the copy enable bit is set.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a circuit for changing the copy enable bit during the recording of the video signal.

52. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the image attribute indicates video characteristics of the selected frames.

53. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the image attribute indicates positions of the selected frames.

54. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the image attribute indicates lengths between the selected frames.

29. An encoding apparatus for protecting a video signal, comprising:

a terminal for receiving the video signal;

a marker circuit which places a marker on selected frames of the received video signal;

a measurement circuit which measures an image attribute of each of the selected frames; and

a circuit which marks the video signal with a signal that includes a numeric representation of the measured attribute of each frame having a marker.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the marker is located in an overscan portion of the frame.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the marker is located in a blanking interval of the frame.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the marker is a signal that is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the signal includes a portion that is a signal which is filtered out by a conventional analog video recorder.

55. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the image attribute indicates video characteristics of the selected frames.

56. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the image attribute indicates positions of the selected frames.

57. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the image attribute indicates lengths between the selected frames.

34. A method for enabling copying of a protected video signal including in at least one frame a marker and having an associated signal including a numeric representation of an image attribute of at least one frame, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting frames carrying the marker;

tagging one of the detected frames with a predetermined signal;

storing data indicative of a timing of each of the detected frames;

recording the video;

replaying the recorder video;

while replaying the video, detecting the tagged frame; and

inserting in the tagged frame and in selected subsequent frames a marker resembling the marker included in the protected video, the inserting being in accordance with the stored data.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the predetermined signal differs from the markers.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein the predetermined signal is a signal that is not removed by a digital video recorder.

37. The method of claim 34, wherein the associated signal is a watermark.

38. An apparatus for enabling copying of a protected video signal including in at least one frame a marker and having an associated signal including a numeric representation of an image attribute of the frame, comprising:

an input terminal for receiving the protected video signal;

a first detector coupled to the input terminal and which detects the frame markers;

a circuit coupled to the detector which writes a predetermined signal in at least one of the marked frames;

a memory coupled to the first detector which stores data indicative of a timing of each of the detected marked frames;

a second detector which detects the predetermined signal; and

a circuit for inserting a frame marker into the video signal which is similar to the markers present in the protected video signal, the inserting being in accordance with the stored data.

39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the predetermined signal differs from the frame marker.

40. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the predetermined signal is a signal that is not removed by a digital video recorder.

41. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the associated signal is a watermark.

42. A method of processing an original video signal to limit copying thereof, the original video signal having a watermark therein conveying data related to copy restriction, the method comprising:

inserting a video marker in the original video signal, the video marker having an attribute corresponding, in a predetermined manner, to characteristics of the original video signal, wherein the correspondence indicates that the video signal is the original video signal;

in response to a request to output the video signal for copying, detecting the watermark and checking that the video signal is the original video signal, the checking including checking the video marker'"'"'s predetermined correspondence to the video signal, and only if the video signal is thereby confirmed to be the original video signal then;

processing the original video signal to produce a copy thereof, the copy being non-identical to the original video signal so that the video marker no longer corresponds, in said predetermined manner, thereto;

wherein subsequent checking of the copied video signal indicates that the video signal is not the original signal, whereby further copying can be restricted.

43. The method of claim 42, in which the processing includes changing the video marker.

44. The method of claim 43, in which the processing includes eliminating the video marker.

45. The method of claim 43, in which the processing comprises converting the original video signal from digital to analog form.