Magnetically suspended fluid pump and control system

• US 6,375,607 B1
• Filed: 03/22/1999
• Issued: 04/23/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/26/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Dwight W. Andrus Insurance Agency, Inc., University of Louisiana at Lafayette (Louisiana Board of Regents)
• Original Assignee: Vascor, Inc.
• Inventors: Prem, Edward K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Schaetzle, Kennedy
• Application Number:
  US09/273,384
• Time in Patent Office: 1,128 Days
• Field of Search: 600/16-18, 600/527, 600/438, 600/439, 600/459, 600/507, 600/508, 600/587, 623/3.1, 623/3.13, 623/3.14
• US Class Current: 600/17
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/148 in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/178 drawing blood from a ventricle and returning the blood to the arterial system via a cannula external to the ventricle, e.g. left or right ventricular assist devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/196 replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/232 Centrifugal pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/422 the force acting on the blood contacting member being electromagnetic, e.g. using canned motor pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/515 Regulation using real-time patient data
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/538 Regulation using real-time blood pump operational parameter data, e.g. motor current
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/812 Vanes or blades, e.g. static flow guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/814 Volutes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/822 specially adapted for being actively controlled
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/824 Hydrodynamic or fluid film bearings
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/833 Occluders for preventing backflow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/892 Active valves, i.e. actuated by an external force
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 13/0646 the hollow pump or motor shaft being the conduit for the working fluid
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/048 magnetic; electromagnetic
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2316/18 Pumps for pumping blood
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2360/44 Centrifugal pumps in general F04D
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 32/0444 Details of devices to control the actuation of the electromagnets
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 32/047 Details of housings; Mounting of active magnetic bearings

Abstract

A blood pump for assisting a heart is provided having a stator and a rotor. The rotor is magnetically radially supported creating a suspension gap between the stator and the rotor. The rotor can be supported axially by a Lorentz force bearing and can be magnetically rotated. The stator can have a single or double volute pump chamber and the rotor can have an impeller portion for pumping blood. The rotor can have a center bore as a primary blood flowpath. The suspension gap can be a secondary blood flowpath. The blood pump can also have an axial position controller and a flow rate controller. The axial position controller can cause the axial bearing to adjust the position of the rotor. The flow rate controller can have a member for measuring a dimension of a heart ventricle to control the flow rate to avoid overly distending or contracting the ventricle. A method of operating the flow rate controller to create a pulsatile flow rate is also provided. Additionally, the blood pump can be part of a cardiac assist and arrhythmia control system. Moreover, a method of operating the flow rate controller can be provided which reduces the amount of energy needed to treat fibrillation. The method can include operating the flow rate controller to reduce a radial dimension of the ventricle prior to delivering defibrillation energy such that the ventricle contains less blood which absorbs less energy so that a larger fraction of the energy is delivered to the heart.

Claims

1. An apparatus for operating a blood pump at a controlled flow rate comprising:

a. a flow rate controller controlling said blood pump to pump blood at a flow rate;

b. a heart measurement member operatively associated with said flow rate controller and said heart measurement member attachable to a ventricle of a heart which is assisted by said blood pump;

c. said heart measurement member measuring at least one of distention and contraction of said ventricle; and

d. said flow rate controller utilizing said measurements of said at least one of distention and contraction to control said flow rate.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said flow rate is a pulsatile flow rate.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heart measurement member comprises:

a. a heart caliper having a pair of arms pivotable relative to each other;

b. each of said pair of arms having one end attachable to an outer surface of said ventricle and an opposite end connected at a pivot point; and

c. an angular measurement device measuring changes in angular position between each of said pair of arms.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said angular measurement device comprises an electronic eddy current position sensor measuring said changes in angular position between said pair of arms.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said heart measurement member comprises a pair of ultrasonic transducers positioned at generally opposing sides of said ventricle measuring a radial dimension of said ventricle based upon an elapsed time for an ultrasonic pulse to travel between said pair of transducers.

6. A method of operating a blood pump at a controlled flow rate comprising:

a. measuring at least one of natural distention and contraction of a ventricle which is assisted by said blood pump; and

b. controlling said flow rate such that distention and contraction of said ventricle generally corresponds to said natural distention and contraction.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said flow rate is a pulsatile flow rate.

8. A blood pump apparatus implantable in a patient comprising:

a. a stator member;

b. a rotor member disposed adjacent said stator member for rotation relative thereto;

c. a magnetic suspension having a stator magnet portion carried by said stator member and a rotor magnet portion carried by said rotor member, said stator and rotor magnet portions cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member radially in said stator member such that an annular magnetic suspension gap is created between said stator member and said rotor member;

d. a magnetic drive having a stator motor portion carried by said stator member and a rotor motor portion carried by said rotor member, said stator motor portion and said rotor motor portion cooperating to magnetically rotate said rotor member relative to said stator member to pump blood through said blood pump; and

e. a Lorentz force axial bearing having a stator axial bearing portion carried by said stator member and a rotor axial bearing portion carried by said rotor member, said stator axial bearing portion and said rotor axial bearing portion cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member axially in said stator member.

9. The blood pump of claim 8 further comprising an axial position controller to control said axial bearing to maintain said rotor member at a defined setpoint relative to said stator member.

10. The blood pump of claim 9 further comprising an axial position sensor having a stator sensor portion carried by said stator member to detect an axial position of said rotor member relative to said stator member.

11. The blood pump of claim 10 wherein said axial bearing further comprises displacement means for axially displacing said rotor member relative to said stator member.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said displacement means is a bi-directional displacement means.

13. The blood pump of claim 8 wherein said magnetic rotation drive comprises a slotless, brushless DC motor having a coreless armature.

14. A blood pump apparatus implantable in a patient comprising:

a. a stator member;

b. a rotor member disposed adjacent said stator member for rotation relative thereto;

c. a magnetic suspension having a stator magnet portion carried by said stator member and a rotor magnet portion carried by said rotor member, said stator and rotor magnet portions cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member radially in said stator member such that an annular magnetic suspension gap is created between said stator member and said rotor member;

d. a magnetic drive having a stator motor portion carried by said stator member and a rotor motor portion carried by said rotor member, said stator motor portion and said rotor motor portion cooperating to magnetically rotate said rotor member relative to said stator member to pump blood through said blood pump;

e. a Lorentz-force axial bearing having a stator axial bearing portion carried by said stator member and a rotor axial bearing portion carried by said rotor member, said stator axial bearing portion and said rotor axial bearing portion cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member axially in said stator member;

f. an axial position controller to control said Lorentz force axial bearing to maintain said rotor member at a defined setpoint relative to said stator member;

g. an axial position sensor having a stator sensor portion carried by said stator member to detect an axial position of said rotor member relative to said stator member;

h. wherein said Lorentz force axial bearing further comprises displacement means for axially displacing said rotor member relative to said stator member;

i. wherein said displacement means is a bi-directional displacement means; and

j. wherein said axial position controller varies said setpoint and controls said displacement means to axially displace said rotor member to correspond to said setpoint.

15. The blood pump of claim 14 wherein said setpoint corresponds to a point where a steady state axial load applied to said rotor member is at least partially offset by an inherent axial force produced by said magnetic radial suspension such that power dissipation in said Lorentz force axial bearing is reduced.

16. The blood pump of claim 15 wherein said axial position controller detects net positive current flow in said Lorentz force axial bearing and varies said setpoint responsive to said net positive current flow towards a setpoint where current flow in said Lorentz force axial bearing is generally minimal and controls said displacement means to axially displace said rotor member to said setpoint.

17. A blood pump apparatus implantable in a patient comprising:

a. a stator member;

b. a rotor member disposed adjacent said stator member for rotation relative thereto;

c. a magnetic suspension having a stator magnet portion carried by said stator member and a rotor magnet portion carried by said rotor member, said stator and rotor magnet portions cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member radially in said stator member such that an annular magnetic suspension gap is created between said rotor member and said stator member;

d. a magnetic drive having a stator motor portion carried by said stator member and a rotor motor portion carried by said rotor member, said stator motor portion and said rotor motor portion cooperating to magnetically rotate said rotor member relative to said stator member to pump blood through said blood pump;

e. a Lorentz force axial bearing having a stator axial bearing portion carried by said stator member and a rotor axial bearing portion carried by said rotor member, said stator axial bearing portion and said rotor axial bearing portion cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member axially in said stator member; and

f. a flow rate controller to control a flow rate of said blood pump.

18. The blood pump of claim 17 wherein said flow rate controller further comprises:

a. a heart measurement member attachable to a heart ventricle which is assisted by said blood pump;

b. said heart measurement member measuring at least one of distention and contraction of said ventricle; and

c. said flow rate controller utilizing said dimensions to control said flow rate of said blood pump.

19. The blood pump of claim 18 wherein said heart measurement member comprises:

a. a heart caliper having a pair of arms pivotable relative to each other;

b. each of said pair of arms having one end attachable to an outer surface of said ventricle and an opposite end connected at a pivot point; and

c. an angular measurement device measuring changes in angular position between each of said pair of arms.

20. The blood pump of claim 18 wherein said angular measurement device comprises an electronic eddy current position sensor measuring said changes in angular position between said pair of arms.

21. The blood pump of claim 18 wherein said heart measurement member comprises a pair of ultrasonic transducers positioned at generally opposing sides of said ventricle measuring a radial dimension of said ventricle based upon an elapsed time for an ultrasonic pulse to travel between said pair of transducers.

22. The blood pump of claim 17 wherein said flow rate is a pulsatile flow rate.

23. A blood pump apparatus implantable in a patient comprising:

a. a stator member;

b. a rotor member disposed adjacent said stator member for rotation;

c. a magnetic suspension having a stator magnet portion carried by said stator member and a rotor magnet portion carried by said rotor member, said stator and rotor magnet portions cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member radially such that an annular magnetic suspension gap is created between said rotor member and said stator member;

d. a magnetic drive having a stator motor portion carried by said stator member and a rotor motor portion carried by said rotor member, said stator motor portion and said rotor motor portion cooperating to magnetically rotate said rotor member relative to said stator member to pump blood through said blood pump; and

e. a Lorentz-force axial bearing having a stator axial bearing portion carried by said stator member and a rotor axial bearing portion carried by said rotor member, said stator axial bearing portion and said rotor axial bearing portion cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member axially relative to said stator member.

24. The blood pump of claim 23 further comprising an axial position controller to control said Lorentz force axial bearing to maintain said rotor member at a defined setpoint relative to said stator member.

25. The blood pump of claim 24 further comprising an axial position sensor having a stator sensor portion carried by said stator member to detect an axial position of said rotor member relative to said stator member.

26. The blood pump of claim 25 wherein said Lorentz force axial bearing further comprises displacement means for axially displacing said rotor member relative to said stator member.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein said displacement means is a bi-directional displacement means.

28. A blood pump apparatus implantable in a patient comprising:

a. a stator member;

b. a rotor member disposed adjacent said stator member for rotation;

c. a magnetic suspension having a stator magnet portion carried by said stator member and a rotor magnet portion carried by said rotor member, said stator and rotor magnet portions cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member radially such that an annular magnetic suspension gap is created between said rotor member and said stator member;

d. a magnetic drive having a stator motor portion carried by said stator member and a rotor motor portion carried by said rotor member, said stator motor portion and said rotor motor portion cooperating to magnetically rotate said rotor member relative to said stator member to pump blood through said blood pump;

e. a Lorentz-force axial bearing having a stator axial bearing portion carried by said stator member and a rotor axial bearing portion carried by said rotor member, said stator axial bearing portion and said rotor axial bearing portion cooperating to magnetically support said rotor member axially relative to said stator member;

f. an axial position controller to control said Lorentz force axial bearing to maintain said rotor member at a defined setpoint relative to said stator member;

g. an axial position sensor having a stator sensor portion carried by said stator member to detect an axial position of said rotor member relative to said stator member;

h. wherein said Lorentz force axial bearing further comprises displacement means for axially displacing said rotor member relative to said stator member;

i. wherein said displacement means is a bi-directional displacement means; and

j. wherein said axial position controller varies said setpoint and controls said displacement means to axially displace said rotor member to correspond to said setpoint.

29. The blood pump of claim 28 wherein said setpoint corresponds to a point where a steady state axial load applied to said rotor member is at least partially offset by an inherent axial force produced by said magnetic radial suspension such that power dissipation in said Lorentz force axial bearing is reduced.

30. The blood pump of claim 29 wherein said axial position controller detects net positive current flow in said Lorentz force axial bearing and varies said setpoint responsive to said net positive current flow towards a setpoint where current flow in said Lorentz force axial bearing is generally minimal and controls said displacement means to axially displace said rotor member to said setpoint.