System and method for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell

• US 6,376,111 B1
• Filed: 01/25/2000
• Issued: 04/23/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: General Motors Corporation (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Mathias, Mark F., Grot, Stephen A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brouillette, Gabrielle
• Assistant Examiner(s): Crepeau, Jonathan
• Application Number:
  US09/491,308
• Time in Patent Office: 819 Days
• Field of Search: 429/13, 429/22, 429/23, 429/30
• US Class Current: 429/413
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04126 Humidifying
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/045 of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04507 of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04567 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04597 of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A system for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell is provided. The system includes a fuel cell, a humidifier for humidifying the fuel cell, and a controller for determining the humidity level of the fuel cell and controlling the humidifier in response to the determined humidity level. The resistance of the fuel cell varies as a function of the humidity level of the fuel cell. Thus, in a preferred system, the controller calculates the resistance of the fuel cell via measurements of AC preferred voltage and current components to determine the humidity level of the fuel cell. A method for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell is also provided. The steps of the method include: determining the humidity level of the fuel cell, and humidifying the fuel cell in response to the determined humidity level.

Claims

1. A system for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell, comprising:

a fuel cell that provides a DC current and a DC voltage;

a humidifier for humidifying said fuel cell;

a controller for determining the humidity level of said fuel cell and controlling said humidifier in response to said determined humidity level; and

a DC/DC converter that imposes an AC ripple current component on said DC current and AC ripple voltage component on said DC voltage, wherein resistance of said fuel cell is calculated by said controller by dividing said AC ripple voltage component by said AC ripple current component.

2. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein resistance of said fuel cell varies as a function of the humidity level of said fuel cell.

3. The system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said fuel cell includes a membrane and said controller calculates resistance of said membrane.

4. The system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said AC ripple voltage component and said AC ripple current component each have a phase angle and resistance of said membrane is represented by a real part of impedance defined by said AC ripple voltage component divided by said AC ripple current component and the phase angle of said AC ripple voltage component relative to the phase angle of said AC ripple current component.

5. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said controller maintains the humidity level of said fuel cell at a predetermined level.

6. The system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said controller maintains the humidity level of said fuel cell within a predetermined range.

7. A system for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell, comprising:

a fuel cell for providing a DC current and a DC voltage;

a DC/DC converter imposing an AC ripple current component on said DC current and an AC ripple voltage component on said DC voltage;

a humidifier for humidifying said fuel cell; and

a controller for measuring said AC ripple current component and said AC ripple voltage component, determining the humidity level of said fuel cell, and controlling said humidifier in response to said determined humidity level.

8. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein resistance of said fuel cell varies as a function of the humidity level of said fuel cell.

9. The system as set forth in claim 8 wherein said controller calculates resistance of said fuel cell by dividing said AC ripple voltage by said AC ripple current.

10. The system as set forth in claim 8 wherein said AC ripple voltage component and said AC ripple current component each have a phase angle and resistance of said fuel cell is represented by a real part of impedance defined by said AC ripple voltage component divided by said AC ripple current component and the phase angle of said AC ripple voltage component relative to the phase angle of said AC ripple current component.

11. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said controller maintains the humidity level of said fuel cell at a predetermined level.

12. The system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said controller maintains the humidity level of said fuel cell within a predetermined range.

13. A method of controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell, comprising the steps of:

providing a controller for determining the humidity level of the fuel cell;

humidifying the fuel cell in response to the determined humidity level;

operating said fuel cell to provide a DC current and DC voltage; and

providing a DC/DC converter that imposes an AC ripple current component on said DC current and an AC ripple voltage component on said DC voltage, wherein resistance of said fuel cell is calculated by said controller by dividing said AC ripple voltage component by said AC ripple current component.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of determining the humidity level of the fuel cell comprises determining the humidity level of the fuel cell as a function of the resistance of the fuel cell.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of determining the humidity level of the fuel cell as a function of the resistance of the fuel cell comprises determining the resistance of the fuel cell.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of determining the resistance of the fuel cell comprises the steps of measuring the amplitude of said AC ripple current component and the amplitude of said AC ripple voltage component;

and dividing the amplitude of the AC ripple voltage component by the amplitude of the AC ripple current component.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the step of determining the resistance of the fuel cell comprises the steps of measuring the amplitude of said AC ripple current component and the amplitude of said AC ripple voltage component;

measuring the phase angle of the AC ripple current component and the phase angle of the AC ripple voltage component;

dividing the amplitude of the AC ripple voltage component by the amplitude of the AC ripple current component; and

determining the phase angle of the AC ripple voltage component relative to the AC ripple current component.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of humidifying the fuel cell in response to the determined humidity level comprises humidifying the fuel cell to a predetermined level in response to the determined humidity level.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of humidifying the fuel cell in response to the determined humidity level comprises humidifying the fuel cell within a predetermined range in response to the determined humidity level.