Wave guides and material comprising wave guides and its applications

US 6,377,741 B1
Filed: 06/22/2000
Issued: 04/23/2002
Est. Priority Date: 02/18/1987
Status: Expired due to Fees

First Claim

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1. An apparatus comprising at least one wave guide w for de Broglie waves and at least one particle p interacting with said wave guide wherein:

a) said particle p has momentum and energy and if said particle p is not a collectivity of identical particles and if it can be represented by an electromagnetic wave then it has a de Broglie wavelength λ

_bequal to the wavelength λ

of that electromagnetic wave;

b) said wave guide w having walls that define cross-sections A_jthat define both a cutoff wavelength λ

_cfor said wave guide w and circumferences C(A_j) of the cross-sections A_j;

c) each of said circumferences C(A_j) has either property I or property II;

property I provides that;

in every point of C(A_j) a left tangent to C(A_j) coincides with a right tangent to C(A_j); and

property II provides that;

there exists at least one point of C(A_j) in which a left tangent to C(A_j) does not coincide with a right tangent to C(A_j);

d) each of said cross-sections A_jhas at least one characteristic dimension;

e) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section A_jhaving property I is the distance between two points on C(A_j) between which a particle transmitted by said wave guide w can move, provided;

(i) the tangents in said two points to the circumference C(A_j) are parallel or anti-parallel to one another;

(ii) a straight line connecting said two points is normal to said tangents;

f) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section A_jhaving property II is equal to a diameter of the largest circle that can be bonded by cross-section A_j;

g) there exists at least one set K of particles of the same kind;

h) in a case where at least one particle is transmitted by said wave guide w, in said wave guide w, in a region R between two cross-sections A₁and A₂of w, the energy density ρ

p_u(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K or the average energy {overscore (U)}(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K, is a function of an average value d₀of the smallest characteristic dimensions of the cross-sections A_jsituated between said two cross-sections, in such a way that $\frac{\partial ρ_{u} (R)}{\partial d_{0}} \neq 0 or \frac{\partial \hat{U} (R)}{\partial d_{0}} \neq 0$

and, said average value d₀has the property that in the domain [d₀,2d₀] there exists a factor y and an average value d₀₁of the smallest characteristic dimension of wave guide w in the region R, so that $\langle \frac{ρ_{u} (d_{01} {1 - y \times 0.06}) - ρ_{u} (d_{01})}{ρ_{u} (d_{01})} \rangle \geq y \times 5 \times 10^{- 2} or$ $\langle \frac{\hat{U} (R, d_{01} {1 - y \times 0.06}) - \hat{U} (R, d_{01})}{\hat{U} (R, d_{01})} \rangle \geq y \times 5 \times 10^{- 2}$

hold, where y meets 0<

y≦

1;

(i) said particle p has one or more of the following interactions with said wave guide w;

(i) transmission, (ii) reflection, (iii) emission, (iv) absorption, and (v) adsorption;

(vi) such an interaction that the emission of radiation of wavelength λ

, meeting the condition λ

>

λ

_c1is prevented.

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Abstract

A wave guide or an assembly of wave guides, characterized in that each wave guide meets the conditions that: 1) at least one of the characteristics of the wave guide is of the same order of magnitude as the largest absolute value of the de Broglie wavelength λ_bof a particle or a collectivity of particles moving or able to move through the wave guide; 2) the dimensions of the irregularities of the wall of the wave guide are small with respect to |λ_c|, the absolute value of the cutoff wavelength λ_cof the wave guide, with the property that for each particle with de Broglie wavelength λ_bthat moves in the wave guide, holds |λ_b|≦|λ_c|; and 3) λ_chas a limited value, and can be found with the aid of the solutions of a relevant wave equation which has been solved by meeting fitting boundary conditions; in that, for the case of photons or luxons, the conditions is met that 4a) the relation between the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic waves and the wavelength λ_bof the de Broglie waves, which corresponds with these photons, is given by λ=λ_b; and that, for the case in which the particles are neither photons nor luxons the following conditions are met; 4b) that the energies of these particles are discrete and the physical phenomena in the wave guide and/or caused by the wave guide cannot be described in good approximation without using quantum mechanics, i.e. that the results of these calculations then do not exclusively correspond within 5% with the observations; wherein a characteristic dimension is the distance between two neighboring pieces of boundary layer, between which a particle or a collectivity of particles can move, when |Ψ|, the absolute value of the wavefunction Ψ of one particle or a collectivity of particles moving in the wave guide, as a function of the space coordinates, takes an constant value |Ψ_k|.

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5 Claims

1. An apparatus comprising at least one wave guide w for de Broglie waves and at least one particle p interacting with said wave guide wherein:
- a) said particle p has momentum and energy and if said particle p is not a collectivity of identical particles and if it can be represented by an electromagnetic wave then it has a de Broglie wavelength λ
  
  _bequal to the wavelength λ
  
  of that electromagnetic wave;
  
  b) said wave guide w having walls that define cross-sections A_jthat define both a cutoff wavelength λ
  
  _cfor said wave guide w and circumferences C(A_j) of the cross-sections A_j;
  
  c) each of said circumferences C(A_j) has either property I or property II;
  
  property I provides that;
  
  in every point of C(A_j) a left tangent to C(A_j) coincides with a right tangent to C(A_j); and
  
  property II provides that;
  
  there exists at least one point of C(A_j) in which a left tangent to C(A_j) does not coincide with a right tangent to C(A_j);
  
  d) each of said cross-sections A_jhas at least one characteristic dimension;
  
  e) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section A_jhaving property I is the distance between two points on C(A_j) between which a particle transmitted by said wave guide w can move, provided;
  
  (i) the tangents in said two points to the circumference C(A_j) are parallel or anti-parallel to one another;
  
  (ii) a straight line connecting said two points is normal to said tangents;
  
  f) a characteristic dimension of a cross-section A_jhaving property II is equal to a diameter of the largest circle that can be bonded by cross-section A_j;
  
  g) there exists at least one set K of particles of the same kind;
  
  h) in a case where at least one particle is transmitted by said wave guide w, in said wave guide w, in a region R between two cross-sections A₁and A₂of w, the energy density ρ
  
  p_u(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K or the average energy {overscore (U)}(R) of the particles being transmitted by said wave guide w that are elements of said set K, is a function of an average value d₀of the smallest characteristic dimensions of the cross-sections A_jsituated between said two cross-sections, in such a way that $\frac{\partial ρ_{u} (R)}{\partial d_{0}} \neq 0 or \frac{\partial \hat{U} (R)}{\partial d_{0}} \neq 0$
  
  and, said average value d₀has the property that in the domain [d₀,2d₀] there exists a factor y and an average value d₀₁of the smallest characteristic dimension of wave guide w in the region R, so that $\langle \frac{ρ_{u} (d_{01} {1 - y \times 0.06}) - ρ_{u} (d_{01})}{ρ_{u} (d_{01})} \rangle \geq y \times 5 \times 10^{- 2} or$ $\langle \frac{\hat{U} (R, d_{01} {1 - y \times 0.06}) - \hat{U} (R, d_{01})}{\hat{U} (R, d_{01})} \rangle \geq y \times 5 \times 10^{- 2}$
  
  hold, where y meets 0<
  
  y≦
  
  1;
  
  (i) said particle p has one or more of the following interactions with said wave guide w;
  
  (i) transmission, (ii) reflection, (iii) emission, (iv) absorption, and (v) adsorption;
  
  (vi) such an interaction that the emission of radiation of wavelength λ
  
  , meeting the condition λ
  
  >
  
  λ
  
  _c1is prevented.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
- - 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said wave guide w has a length at least as long as one-half of the cutoff wavelength of said wave guide w.
  - 3. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein at least one of said wave guides consists of at least one molecule having a hole in it.
  - 4. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein:
- (a) there is at least one particle moving in at least one wave guide;
  
  (b) said particle has the property that outside said wave guide in free space it can interact with a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field or an electric field in such a way that an electromagnetic wave having wavelength λ
  
  arises;
  
  (c) said wave guide has the property that its cutoff wavelength λ
  
  _cmeets the condition λ
  
  _c<
  
  λ
  
  with the effect that said wave guide blocks the arising of said electromagnetic wave inside said wave guide.

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Current Assignee
Willem Lentink
Original Assignee
Willem Lentink
Inventors
Lentink, Willem
Primary Examiner(s)
Healy, Brian

Application Number

US09/599,710
Time in Patent Office

670 Days
Field of Search

385/123, 385/130, 385/146, 385/147, 385/141, 385/131, 385/132
US Class Current

385/131
CPC Class Codes

G02B 6/10   of the optical waveguide ty...

G21K 1/00   Arrangements for handling p...

G21K 1/06   using diffraction, refracti...

Wave guides and material comprising wave guides and its applications

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Wave guides and material comprising wave guides and its applications

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