Use of an array of polymeric sensors of varying thickness for detecting analytes in fluids

• US 6,387,329 B1
• Filed: 11/16/1999
• Issued: 05/14/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Matzger, Adam J., Severin, Erik J., Lewis, Nathan S., Freund, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Warden, Jill
• Assistant Examiner(s): Handy, Dwayne K
• Application Number:
  US09/442,074
• Time in Patent Office: 910 Days
• Field of Search: 73/37, 73/38, 73/232, 73/614.1, 73/615.9, 73/616.1, 738/66, 738/662, 422/83, 422/90, 422/98, 436/149, 436/151, 204/431, 204/432, 324/71.1
• US Class Current: 422/98
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/0826 and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0217 Smoke, combustion gases
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0256 Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02863 Electric or magnetic parameters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0423 Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0426 Bulk waves, e.g. quartz crystal microbalance, torsional waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/126 comprising organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/022 Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices microdevices per se B81B
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/449 Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0031 comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array

Abstract

Chemical sensors for detecting the activity of a molecule or analyte of interest is provided. The chemical sensors comprise and array or plurality of sensors that are capable of interacting with a molecule of interest, wherein the interaction provides a response fingerprint. The fingerprint can be associated with a library of similar molecules of interest to determine the molecule'"'"'s activity and diffusion coefficient.

Claims

1. A method of determining the diffusion coefficient of an analyte, comprising:

contacting a sensor with the analyte, the sensor comprising, regions of a first conductive material and a second material compositionally different than the first material, wherein the sensor provides an electrical path through the regions of the first material and the regions of the second material, and wherein the sensor comprises at least one region of second material having a different thickness than at least one other region of second material, the second material being selected from the group consisting of a conductive organic material, a semi-conductive material and a non-conductive material;

the sensors constructed to provide a first response when contacted with a first chemical analyte, and a second different response when contacted with a second different chemical analyte; and

measuring a change in the sensor'"'"'s response to the analyte over time, correlating said response to the value of the diffusion coefficient of the analyte.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a sensor in a sensor array.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein each sensor in the array of sensors has a different thickness.

4.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the sensor is predetermined.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive organic material is selected from the group consisting of polyanilines, an emeraldine salt of polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, polyEDOTs, and derivatives thereof.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is carbon black.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-conductive material is selected from the group consisting poly(styrene), poly(a-methyl styrene), poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(4-vinyl phenol), poly(vinyl butral), poly(vinyl acetate), and poly(bis phenol A carbonate).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonconductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(acrylonitrile), poly(maleic anhydride), and poly(allyl alcohol).

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonconductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of main-chain carbon polymers, main-chain acyclic heteroatom polymers and main-chain heterocyclic polymers.

9. The method of claim 9, wherein the main-chain carbon polymer is selected from the group consisting of polydienes, polyalkenes, polyacrylics, polymethacrylics, polyvinyl ethers, polyvinyl thioethers, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl halides, polyvinyl nitrites, polyvinyl esters, polystyrenes and polyarylenes.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the main-chain acyclic heteroatom polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyoxides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyurethanes, polysulfonates, polysiloxanes, polysulfides, polythioesters, polysulfones, polysulfonamides, polyamides, polyureas, polyphosphazenes, polysilanes and polysilazanes.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the main-chain heterocyclic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyfuran tetracarboxylic acid diimides, polybenzoxazoles, polyoxadiazoles, polybenzothiazinophenothiazines, polybenzothiazoles, polypyrazinoquinoxalines, polypyromellitimides, polyquinoxalines, polybenzimidazoles, polyoxindoles, polyoxoisoindolines, polyoxoisoindolines, polytriazines, polypyridazines, polypiperazines, polypyridines, polypiperidines, polytriazoles, polypyrazoles, polypyrrolidines, polycarboranes, polyoxabicyclononanes, polydibenzofurans, polyphthalides, polyacetals, polyanhydrides and carbohydrates.