Lithium metal fluorophosphate materials and preparation thereof

• US 6,387,568 B1
• Filed: 04/27/2000
• Issued: 05/14/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lithium Werks Technology BV
• Original Assignee: Valence Technology Incorporated (Lithium Werks B.V.)
• Inventors: Barker, Jeremy, Swoyer, Jeffrey, Saidi, M. Yazid
• Primary Examiner(s): CHANEY, CAROL DIANE
• Application Number:
  US09/559,861
• Time in Patent Office: 747 Days
• Field of Search: 423/312, 429/218.1, 429/231.1
• US Class Current: 429/218.1
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 25/455 containing halogen completely halogenated alkali metal phosphates C01D, e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate C01D15/005
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/136 Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/58 of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides new and novel lithium-metal-fluorophosphates which, upon electrochemical interaction, release lithium ions, and are capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel lithium-metal-fluorophosphates. The lithium-metal-fluorophosphates comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium.

Claims

1. An electrode comprising an active material represented by the nominal general formula LiM₁₋

yMI_yPO₄F where 0≦

y≦

1 and where M is selected form the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, and mixtures thereof, and where MI is selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, Al, B, and mixtures thereof.

2. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active material has the nominal formula LiMnPO₄F.

3. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active material has the nominal formula LiVPO₄F.

4. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active material has the nominal formula LiCrPO₄F.

5. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active material has the nominal formula LiTiPO₄F.

6. The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active material has the nominal formula LiV_0.9Al_0.1PO₄F.

7. An electrode comprising a binder, an electrically conductive carbonaceous material, and an active material represented by the nominal general formula LiM₁₋

yMI_yPO₄F where 0≦

y≦

1 and where M is selected form the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and mixtures thereof, and where MI is selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, Al, B, and mixtures thereof.

8. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiMnPO₄F.

9. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiVPO₄F.

10. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiCrPO₄F.

11. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiTiPO₄F.

12. The electrode of claim 7 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiV0.9Al_0.1PO₄F.

13. A lithium ion battery comprising:

a first electrode comprising a binder, an electrically conductive carbonaceous material, and an active material represented by the general formula LiM<sub>1−

y</sub>MI_yPO₄F where 0≦

y≦

1 and where M is selected form the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and mixtures thereof, and where MI is selected from the group consisting of Mn, V, Cr, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, Al, B, and mixtures thereof;

a second electrode which is a counter-electrode to said first electrode; and

an electrolyte between said electrodes.

14. The battery of claim 13 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiMnPO₄F.

15. The battery of claim 13 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiVPO₄F.

16. The battery of claim 13 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiCrPO₄F.

17. The battery of claim 13 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiTiPO₄F.

18. The battery of claim 13 wherein said active material comprises a compound having the nominal formula LiV_0.9Al_0.1PO₄F.