Content - based filtering of multicast information

• US 6,389,475 B1
• Filed: 04/13/1999
• Issued: 05/14/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Lin, Steven, Speakman, Tony, Tweedly, Alex G., Farinacci, Dino
• Primary Examiner(s): Najjar, Saleh
• Application Number:
  US09/292,785
• Time in Patent Office: 1,127 Days
• Field of Search: 709/200, 709/206, 709/238, 709/242, 709/245, 709/252, 709/225, 709/226, 709/229, 709/232, 709/235
• US Class Current: 709/232
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/185 with management of multicast group membership
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1886 with traffic restrictions for efficiency improvement, e.g. involving subnets or subdomains
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/00 Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/45 Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/5651 Reducing the amount or size of exchanged application data
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols

Abstract

The invention provides a method and system for content-based filtering of multicast information. A set of sources (S) which desire to distribute potentially large numbers of categories of differing information each associates a content descriptor (CD) with messages including information in those categories, so that a set of recipients (R) can receive information in at least some of those categories. A mapping server (M) associates a multicast address (MA) and a content mask (CM) with each content descriptor, so that network elements (N), such as routers, in the network can distribute only those messages which are of interest to recipients in multicast distribution trees for those multicast addresses. Each source generates content descriptors for each differentiable topic in a tree structured hierarchy, and obtains a multicast address and a content mask for the broadest content descriptor it is capable of distributing. Each recipient obtains the associated source, multicast address, and content mask, for each content descriptor of interest, and uses that information to join the multicast distribution tree for that information. Each network element between the source and the recipient determines what information it must forward for further distribution in response to the content descriptors, content masks, multicast addresses, and multicast distribution trees.

Claims

1. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information, said method including the steps of:

associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories;

associating a multicast address and a content mask with each said content descriptor; and

in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using at least a portion of said content descriptors to thereby limit further distribution of said messages alone said multicast tree;

wherein said multicast tree includes at least one network element and a plurality of output interfaces for forwarding messages in said multicast tree; and

wherein said step of filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said network element to less than all of said output interfaces.

2. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address and content mask, said method including the step of:

at a node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein

said node includes at least one output interface;

said node transmits to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface; and

wherein said step of filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said network element to less than all of said output interfaces.

3. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address and content mask, said method including the step of:

at least one node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, said node including a processor disposed to filter said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein

said node includes at least one output interface;

said processor is adapted to transmit to said output interface selected portion of messages which are associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface; and

said processor forwards at least one said message to less than all of said output interfaces.

4. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information distributed over a bi-directional data network, said method including:

associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories, said content descriptor being descriptive of a subject matter of information in its associated messages;

associating a multicast address with each said content descriptor; and

in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages;

wherein said step of filtering said messages is performed at a network element other than a recipient device.

5. A method as in claim 4, wherein said network element is a router.

6. A method as in claim 4, wherein said network element includes at least one output interface;

and

wherein the method further comprises transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

7. A method as in claim 4, wherein said step of associating a content descriptor with messages is performed at a source for said messages.

8. A method as in claim 7, wherein each said source performs the steps of

generating one said content descriptor for each differentiable topic in a tree structured hierarchy;

and

obtaining one said multicast address for a broadest content descriptor said source is capable of distributing.

9. A method as in claim 4, wherein said content descriptors form a tree structured hierarchy.

10. A method as in claim 4, wherein a set of possible multicast addresses is relatively much smaller than a set of possible content descriptors.

11. A method as in claim 4, wherein said multicast tree includes at least one network element which does not perform said step of filtering said messages.

12. A method as in claim 4, including a step of altering said multicast tree in response to a change in a network topology.

13. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information distributed over a bi-directional data network, said method including the steps of:

associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories;

associating a multicast address with each said content descriptor;

receiving a subscription request from at least one recipient device; and

in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said step of associating a content descriptor with messages is performed at a source for said messages;

wherein each said source performs the steps of generating one said content descriptor for each differentiable topic in a tree structure hierarchy, and obtaining one said multicast address and one said content mask for a broadest content descriptor said source is capable of distributing; and

wherein said step of obtaining is performed using a protocol message from said source.

17. A method as in claim 13, wherein said network element is a router.

18. A method as in claim 13, wherein said recipient is associated with said content descriptor using a protocol message from said recipient.

19. A method as in claim 13, wherein

said recipient is associated with said content descriptor using a protocol message from said recipient to said source;

and

said recipient associated with said content descriptor joins a multicast tree associated with said multicast address.

15. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information, said method including the steps of:

associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories, said content descriptor being descriptive of a subject matter of information in its associated messages;

associating a multicast address and a content mask with each said content descriptor;

in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages;

wherein said step of filtering said messages is performed at a network element other than a recipient device, said network element including at least one output interface; and

transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of associating a multicast address and a content mask with each said descriptor is performed at a mapping server in response to a request by a source for said messages.

20. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information, said method including the steps of:

associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories;

associating a multicast address with each said content descriptor; and

in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using at least a portion of said content descriptors to thereby limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein said multicast tree includes at least one network element and a plurality of output interfaces for forwarding messages in said multicast tree; and

wherein said step of filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said network element to less than all of said output interfaces.

21. The method of claim 20 being further configured or designed to receiving a subscription request from at least one recipient device.

22. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information distributed over a bi-directional data network, said system including:

at least one processor;

at least one interface configured or designed to provide a communication link to at least one other network device in the data network; and

memory;

the system being configured or designed to receive a set of messages including information in a set of categories, each said message having a content descriptor associated therewith, each said content descriptor having a multicast address associated therewith, each said content descriptor being descriptive of a subject matter of information in its associated message; and

the system being further configured or designed to determine appropriate recipient devices for receiving each of the messages, each of the recipient devices being associated with at least one multicast tree;

the system being further configured or designed to filter said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along a multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

23. The system of claim 22 being further configured or designed to receiving a subscription request from at least one recipient device.

24. A system as in claim 22, including at least one source for said set of messages, wherein content descriptors are associated with said messages at said source.

25. A system as in claim 24, wherein each said source includes

means for generating one said content descriptor for each differentiable topic in a tree structured hierarchy; and

means for obtaining one said multicast address and one said content mask for a broadest content descriptor said source is capable of distributing.

26. A system as in claim 22, wherein said network elements include routers in a network.

27. A system as in claim 22, wherein

each said network element includes at least one output interface;

and

each said network element transmits to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

28. A system as in claim 27, including a protocol message from said recipient for associating said recipient with said content descriptor.

29. A system as in claim 22, wherein said multicast tree includes at least one network element which does not perform said step of filtering said messages.

30. A system as in claim 22, including a protocol message for altering said multicast tree in response to a change in a network topology.

31. A system as in claim 22, wherein said content descriptors include numeric values responsive to a hierarchical set of fixed-length values.

32. A system as in claim 22, wherein said content descriptors include numeric values responsive to a set of variable-length values.

33. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said system including:

at least one node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, said node including a processor disposed to filter said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein

said node includes at least one output interface;

said processor is adapted to transmit to said output interface selected portion of messages which are associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface; and

said processor is configured or designed to forward at least one said message to less than all of said output interfaces.

34. A method for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said method including:

at a node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address, filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein

said node including at least one output interface; and

transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

35. The method of claim 34 wherein said filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said node to less than all of said output interfaces.

36. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, each said content descriptor being descriptive of a subject matter of information in its associated message, said system including:

at least one processor;

at least one interface configured or designed to provide a communication link to at least one other network device in the data network; and

memory;

the system being configured or designed to receive a subscription request from at least one recipient device;

the system being further configured or designed to filter said messages using at least a portion of said content descriptors filtering said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein said system includes a plurality of output interfaces for forwarding messages in said multicast tree;

and

wherein said step of filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said system to less than all of said output interfaces.

38. A method as in claim 36, wherein a set of possible said multicast addresses is relatively much smaller than a set of possible content descriptors.

39. A method as in claim 36, wherein said content descriptors form a tree structured hierarchy.

40. A method as in claim 36, wherein said content descriptors include numeric values responsive to a hierarchical set of fixed-length values.

41. A method as in claim 36, wherein said content descriptors include numeric values responsive to a set of variable-length values.

42. A method as in claim 36, wherein said system is a router.

43. A method as in claim in 36, wherein

said system includes at least one output interface;

and

said system transmits to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

44. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said system including:

at least one processor;

at least one interface configured or designed to provide a communication link to at least one other network device in the data network; and

memory;

the system being configured or designed to filter said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages;

said system being different than a recipient device.

45. A system as in claim 44, wherein said network element is a router.

46. A system as in claim 44, wherein said system includes at least one output interface;

and

wherein the system is further configured or designed to transmit to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

47. The system of claim 44 wherein the system is further configured or designed to perform bi-directional communication with at least one recipient device.

48. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said system including:

at least one processor;

at least one interface configured or designed to provide a communication link to at least one other network device in the data network; and

memory;

the system being configured or designed to receive a subscription request from at least one recipient device; and

the system being further configured or designed to filter said messages using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

49. The system of claim 48 wherein the system is further configured or designed to perform bi-directional communication with at least one recipient device.

50. A computer program product for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said computer program product including:

a computer usable medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code comprising;

computer code for filtering said messages at a node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein said node includes at least one output interface; and

computer code for transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

51. The computer program product of claim 50 wherein said node is different from a recipient device.

52. The computer program product of claim 50 wherein said filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said node to less than all of said output interfaces.

53. A computer program product for content-based filtering of multicast information distributed over a bi-directional data network, said computer program product including:

a computer usable medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code comprising;

computer code for associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories;

computer code for associating a multicast address with each said content descriptor;

computer code for receiving a subscription request from at least one recipient device; and

computer code for filtering said messages in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

54. The computer program product of claim 53 wherein said filtering is performed at a network element other than a recipient device.

55. The computer program product as in claim 54, wherein said network element includes at least one output interface;

and

wherein the computer program product further comprises computer code for transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

56. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information, said information being included in a set of messages, said set of messages being associated with a set of content descriptors for a corresponding set of categories, each said content descriptor being associated with a corresponding multicast address, said system including:

means for filtering said messages at a node in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address using said content descriptors so as to limit further distribution of said messages along said multicast tree;

wherein said node includes at least one output interface; and

means for transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.

57. The system of claim 56 wherein said node is different from a recipient device.

58. The system of claim 56 wherein said filtering causes at least a portion of said messages to be forwarded by said node to less than all of said output interfaces.

59. A system for content-based filtering of multicast information distributed over a bi-directional data network, said system including:

means for associating a content descriptor with messages including information in a set of categories;

means for associating a multicast address with each said content descriptor;

means for receiving a subscription request from at least one recipient device; and

means for filtering said messages in a multicast tree associated with at least one said multicast address using said content descriptors so as to limit distribution of said messages along said multicast tree only to selected recipient devices which have subscribed to receive said messages.

60. The system of claim 59 wherein said filtering is performed at a network element other than a recipient device.

61. The system as in claim 60, wherein said network element includes at least one output interface;

and

wherein the system further comprises means for transmitting to said output interface only those messages associated with a content descriptor for which there is at least one recipient associated with said content descriptor in the multicast tree for said output interface.