Microturbomachinery

• US 6,392,313 B1
• Filed: 07/15/1999
• Issued: 05/21/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Jacobson, Stuart A., Lang, Jeffrey H., Epstein, Alan H., Spearing, Mark S., Ananthasuresh, G. K., Ehrich, Fredric F., Waitz, Ian A., Breuer, Kenneth S., Schmidt, Martin A., Nagle, Steven F., Senturia, Stephen D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jackson, Jr., Jerome
• Application Number:
  US09/354,544
• Time in Patent Office: 1,041 Days
• Field of Search: 257/414, 257/415, 310/40.MM, 290/52, 60/393.5, 60/393.6
• US Class Current: 290/52
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 15/06 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, hand-held tools or the like control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 25/20 using lubrication pumps
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 5/28 Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 13/00 General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/05 the compressor and the turbine being of the radial flow type
• CPC Class Codes: F02K 9/48 driven by a gas turbine fed by propellant combustion gases or fed by vaporized propellants or other gases
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2220/50 for auxiliary power units (APU's)
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2230/14 Micromachining
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2250/82 Micromachines
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2250/84 Nanomachines
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/2261 of silicon
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/2283 of silicon
• CPC Class Codes: F05D 2300/607 Monocrystallinity
• CPC Class Codes: F23C 2900/03001 Miniaturized combustion devices using fluid fuels
• CPC Class Codes: F23R 3/42 characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers

Abstract

The invention overcomes limitations of conventional power and thermodynamic sources by with micromachinery components that enable production of significant power and efficient operation of thermodynamic systems in the millimeter and micron regime to meet the efficiency, mobility, modularity, weight, and cost requirements of many modern applications. A micromachine of the invention has a rotor disk journalled for rotation in a stationary structure by a journal bearing. A plurality of radial flow rotor blades, substantially untapered in height, are disposed on a first rotor disk face, and an electrically conducting region is disposed on a rotor disk face. A plurality of stator electrodes that are electrically interconnected to define multiple electrical stator phases are disposed on a wall of the stationary structure located opposite the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk. A first orifice in the stationary structure provides fluidic communication with the first rotor disk face at a location radially central of the rotor blades, and a second orifice in the stationary structure provides fluidic communication with the first rotor disk face at a location radially peripheral of the rotor blades. An electrical connection to the stator electrode configuration is provided for stator electrode excitation and for power transfer with the stator electrode configuration as the rotor disk rotates.

Claims

1. A micromachine comprising:

a rotor disk journalled for rotation in a stationary structure by a journal bearing;

a plurality of radial flow rotor blades, substantially untapered in height, disposed on a first rotor disk face;

an electrically conducting region disposed on a rotor disk face;

a plurality of stator electrodes electrically interconnected to define multiple electrical stator phases and disposed on a wall of the stationary structure located opposite the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk;

a first orifice in the stationary structure providing fluidic communication with the first rotor disk face at a location radially central of the rotor blades;

a second orifice in the stationary structure providing fluidic communication with the first rotor disk face at a location radially peripheral of the rotor blades; and

an electrical connection to the stator electrode configuration for stator electrode excitation and for power transfer with the stator electrode configuration as the rotor disk rotates.

2. The micromachine of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of stationary radial flow vanes, substantially untapered in height, located radially peripheral of the rotor disk and in the fluidic communication between the first rotor disk face and the second orifice in the stationary structure.

3. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the radial flow rotor blades are tapered in thickness as a function of radius to produce selected radial flow streamlines of fluid flowing between the blades.

4. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the rotor disk comprises a material characterized by a strength-to-density ratio enabling a rotor speed of at least about 500,000 rotations per minute.

5. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk comprises an electrically isolated annular conducting region on a second rotor disk face.

6. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the electrically conducting region comprises a plurality of conducting regions, each conducting region disposed on a rotor blade and electrically isolated.

7. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the first orifice is characterized as providing fluidic communication of a first pressure, and wherein the second orifice is characterized as providing fluidic communication of a second pressure that is greater than the first pressure.

8. The micromachine of claim 1 wherein the radial journal bearing comprises a gas journal bearing.

9. The micromachine of claim 1 further comprising a thrust bearing between the first rotor disk face and an opposite wall of the stationary structure.

10. The micromachine of claim 1 further comprising a thrust bearing between the second rotor disk face and an opposite wall of the stationary structure.

11. The micromachine of claim 1 further comprising a stationary, annular, radial outflow diffuser in the fluidic communication between the first rotor disk face and the second orifice in the stationary structure radially peripheral of the rotor blades;

and wherein the first orifice comprises a low-pressure air inlet and the second orifice comprises a compressed air outlet.

12. The micromachine of claim 11 wherein the radial flow rotor blades are tapered in thickness as a function of radius to increase angular momentum of air from the air inlet flowing radially peripheral between the rotor blades.

13. The micromachine of claim 12 wherein the diffuser comprises a plurality of radial outflow diffuser vanes shaped as a function of radius to convert angular momentum of air flowing from the rotor blades radially peripheral between the diffuser vanes to a rise in static air pressure.

14. The micromachine of claim 11 wherein the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk comprises an electrically isolated annular conducting region on a second rotor disk face, and wherein the stator electrode plurality is interconnected to input power from the electrical interconnection to drive rotation of the rotor disk.

15. The micromachine of claim 11 wherein the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk comprises a plurality of conducting regions, each conducting region disposed on a rotor blade and electrically isolated, and wherein the stator electrode plurality is interconnected to input power from the electrical interconnection to drive rotation of the rotor disk.

16. The micromachine of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of stationary, annular, radial inflow vanes in the fluidic communication between the first rotor disk face and the second orifice in the stationary structure radially peripheral of the rotor blades;

and wherein the second orifice comprises a compressed air inlet and the first orifice comprises a low-pressure air outlet.

17. The micromachine of claim 16 wherein the plurality of radial inflow vanes are shaped as a function of radius to accelerate flow of and add swirl to air from the compressed air inlet flowing radially central between the vanes.

18. The micromachine of claim 16 wherein the radial flow rotor blades are tapered in thickness as a function of radius to remove swirl from and expand air flowing from the vanes radially inward between the rotor blades, to rotate the rotor disk.

19. The micromachine of claim 16 wherein the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk comprises an electrically isolated annular conducting region on a second rotor disk face, and wherein the stator electrode plurality is interconnected to extract power generated by rotation of the rotor disk.

20. The micromachine of claim 16 wherein the electrically conducting region of the rotor disk comprises a plurality of conducting regions, each conducting region disposed on a rotor blade and electrically isolated and wherein the stator electrode plurality is interconnected to extract power generated by rotation of the rotor disk.