Partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane, process for its production, and gas separation method

• US 6,395,066 B1
• Filed: 02/23/2000
• Issued: 05/28/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: UBE Industries Limited
• Original Assignee: UBE Industries Limited
• Inventors: Kusuki, Yoshihiro, Tanihara, Nozomu
• Primary Examiner(s): Spitzer, Robert H.
• Application Number:
  US09/511,407
• Time in Patent Office: 825 Days
• Field of Search: 95/45,47-55 96/4,8,10
• US Class Current: 95/47
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2325/04 Characteristic thickness
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/22 by diffusion manufacturing semi-permeable membranes B01D67/00; form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes B01D69/00; material for semi-permeable membranes B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/02 Hollow fibre modules
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/021 Manufacturing thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/0233 forming the bundle
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 67/0067 by carbonisation or pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/02 characterised by their properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/08 Hollow fibre membranes manufacture of hollow fibres D01D5/24, D01F1/08
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/021 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/64 Polyimides; Polyamide-imides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 9/24 from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Abstract

A partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane which is a hollow fiber separation membrane having an asymmetric structure obtained by partial carbonization of an aromatic polyimide hollow fiber separation membrane with an asymmetric structure, wherein the thickness of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized is 8-50 μm, the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by the carbonization is 8-45 μm, and the carbon content of the hollow fiber membrane obtained by partial carbonization is at least 1.05 times the carbon content of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized, and no greater than 90 wt %; also, a process for its production and a gas separation method employing it.

Claims

1. A method of separating halogen compound gases that comprise supplying a mixed gas containing at least one type of halogen compound gas and at least one type of carrier gas to a partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane having an asymmetric structure obtained by partial carbonization of an aromatic polyimide hollow fiber separation membrane, with an asymmetric structure, wherein

(1) the thickness of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized is 8-50 μ

m,

(2) the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is 8-45μ

m,

(3) the carbon content of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is at least 1.05 time,;

the carbon content of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized, and no greater than 90 wt %,

(4) the gas permeation rate ratio (separation coefficient) for nitrogen gas and SF₆ gas at 50°

C. is 500 or greater, and

withdrawing gas comprising at least one type of carrier gas having a reduced halogen compound content from the permeating side of the membrane, and recovering gas with a greater concentration of at least one type of halogen compound from the non-permeating side of the membrane.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the shrinkage factor of the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane due to partial carbonization is 0.1-30%.

3. A partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane which is a hollow fiber separation membrane having an asymmetric structure obtained by partial carbonization of an aromatic polyimide hollow fiber separation membrane with an asymmetric structure, wherein

(1) the thickness of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized is 8-50 μ

m,

(2) the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is 8-45 μ

m,

(3) the carbon content of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is at least 1.05 times the carbon content of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized, and no greater than 90 wt %,

(4) the gas permeation rate ratio (separation coefficient) for nitrogen gas and SF₆ gas at 50°

C. is 500 or greater.

4. A partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane according to claim 3, wherein the shrinkage factor of the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane due to partial carbonization is 0.1-30%.

5. A production process for a partially carbonized asymmetric hollow fiber separation membrane which is a process whereby an aromatic polyimide hollow fiber separation membrane with an asymmetric structure is partially carbonized to produce a partially carbonized hollow fiber separation membrane with an asymmetric structure, wherein

(1) the thickness of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized is 8-50 μ

m,

(2) the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is 8-45 μ

m,

(3) the carbon content of the hollow fiber separation membrane obtained by partial carbonization is at least 1.05 times the carbon content of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized, and no greater than 90 wt %,

(4) the gas permeation rate ratio (separation coefficient) for nitrogen gas and SF₆ gas at 50°

C. is 500 or greater.

6. A process according to claim 5, wherein the shrinkage factor of the thickness of the hollow fiber separation membrane due to partial carbonization is 0.1-30%.

7. A process according to claim 5, wherein the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized is subjected to preheating treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere while maintaining the asymmetric structure of the hollow fiber membrane, and the preheat treated hollow fiber membrane is subjected to heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere so that the carbon content of the resulting hollow fiber separation membrane is at least 1.05 times the carbon content of the aromatic polyimide hollow fiber membrane to be partially carbonized, and no greater than 90% by weight.

8. A process according to claim 7, wherein the preheating treatment is carried out at a temperature of 250 to 495°

C.

9. A process according to claim 7, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 500 to 900°

C.