Simultaneous CT and SPECT tomography using CZT detectors

• US 6,399,951 B1
• Filed: 02/02/2000
• Issued: 06/04/2002
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: UT-Battelle LLC
• Inventors: Britton, Charles L. Jr., Simpson, Michael L., Paulus, Michael J., Sari-Sarraf, Hamed
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia
• Assistant Examiner(s): HANIG, RICHARD E
• Application Number:
  US09/496,880
• Time in Patent Office: 853 Days
• Field of Search: 250/363.04, 250/370.01, 250/370.09, 250/370.13
• US Class Current: 250/370.13
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/037 Emission tomography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4092 for producing synchrotron radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4417 related to combined acquisition of different diagnostic modalities
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/508 for non-human patients
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5235 combining images from the same or different ionising radiation imaging techniques, e.g. PET and CT
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1648 Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices adapted for flow studies G01T1/1647

Abstract

A method for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT) comprises the steps of: injecting a subject with a tracer compound tagged with a γ-ray emitting nuclide; directing an x-ray source toward the subject; rotating the x-ray source around the subject; emitting x-rays during the rotating step; rotating a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of the subject from the source; simultaneously detecting the position and energy of each pulsed x-ray and each emitted γ-ray captured by the CZT detector; recording data for each position and each energy of each the captured x-ray and γ-ray; and, creating CT and SPECT images from the recorded data. The transmitted energy levels of the x-rays lower are biased lower than energy levels of the γ-rays. The x-ray source is operated in a continuous mode. The method can be implemented at ambient temperatures.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT), comprising the steps of:

injecting a subject with a tracer compound tagged with a γ

-ray emitting nuclide;

directing and x-ray source along an axis toward said subject;

rotating said x-ray source around said subject;

operating said x-ray source during said rotating step;

rotating a single cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of said subject from said source;

simultaneously detecting, with respect to position and energy, each pulsed x-ray and each emitted γ

-ray captured by said single CZT detector during said rotating;

recording data indicative of each said position and each said energy of each said captured x-ray and α

-ray; and

,

creating respective CT and SPECT images from said recorded data.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of operating said x-ray source in a continuous mode.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of biasing transmitted energy levels of said x-rays lower than energy levels of said γ

-rays.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of biasing transmitted energy levels of said x-rays lower than energy levels of said γ

-rays.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of implementing all said steps at ambient room temperatures.

6. The method of claim 2, comprising the step of implementing all said steps at ambient room temperatures.

7. The method of claim 3, comprising the step of implementing all said steps at ambient room temperatures.

8. The method of claim 4, comprising the step of implementing all said steps at ambient room temperatures.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of limiting said captured γ

-rays to those of said γ

-rays emitted along a predetermined set of projection angles.

10. The method of claim 9, comprising the step of collimating said γ

-rays at a position in front of said detector.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said projection angles are normal to said detector.

12. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of detecting and recording a pixel position, an angle of rotation and an energy level for each captured x-ray and γ

-ray.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of fixing a scanner field of view by adjusting the width of the detector in the plane of rotation.

14. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of capturing the x-rays and γ

-rays with an array of orthogonal stripes of said CZT.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising the step of biasing the stripes with an electric field, some of said stripes becoming anodes and the others of said stripes becoming cathodes, whereby electrons drift toward said anode stripes and holes drift toward said cathode stripes.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of establishing the position at which each said x-ray and γ

-ray is captured by determining which ones of said anode and cathode stripes carry a current pulse resulting from said captured x-ray or γ

-ray.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the steps of:

determining ratios of electrical charge collected in adjacent ones of said stripes; and

,

determining each said position based on said ratios.

18. The method of claim 7, comprising the step of capturing the x-rays and γ

-rays with an array of orthogonal stripes of said CZT.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of biasing the stripes with an electric field, some of said stripes becoming anodes and the others of said stripes becoming cathodes, whereby electrons drift toward said anode stripes and holes drift toward said cathode stripes.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of establishing the position at which each said x-ray and γ

-ray is captured by determining which ones of said anode and cathode stripes carry a current pulse resulting from said captured x-ray or γ

-ray.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps of:

determining ratios of electrical charge collected in adjacent ones of said stripes; and

,

determining each said position based on said ratios.

22. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of capturing the x-rays and γ

-rays with an array of pixelated CZT detectors.

23. The method of claim 4, comprising the step of capturing the x-rays and γ

-rays with an array of pixelated CZT detectors.

24. The method of claim 7, comprising the step of capturing the x-rays and γ

-rays with an array of pixelated CZT detectors.

25. A system for simultaneous transmission x-ray computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT), comprising:

a radiation source for directing radiation toward a target;

a single cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector disposed on an opposite side of said target from said radiation source;

a structure for rotating said radiation source and said single CZT two-sided detector relative to said target, wherein said single CZT two-sided detector simultaneously detects, with respect to position and energy, each pulsed x-ray and each emitted γ

-ray captured during said rotating, and

a structure for creating respective CT and SPECT images from said pulsed x-ray and said γ

-ray data.

26. A method for x-ray computed tomography (CT), comprising the steps of:

directing an x-ray source along an axis toward a subject;

rotating said x-ray source around said subject;

operating said x-ray source during said rotating step;

rotating a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) two-sided detector on an opposite side of said subject from said source;

detecting emitted radiation captured by said CZT detector during said rotating;

recording data from said emitted radiation, and, creating a CT image from said recorded data.